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2015/11/24 10:57:03

Payment terminals of a System of instant payments

The electronic payment systems performing acceptance of cash via payment terminals.

Content

Schemes of functioning of Ministry of Railways

There are 2 schemes of functioning of Ministry of Railways:

  • the agency scheme where Ministry of Railways mediates between the payer and outlet without participation of financial institution (Qiwi);
  • the bank scheme where Ministry of Railways mediates between the payer and outlet with the assistance of financial institution (Eleksnet (Moskliringcentre), Cyberplat).

Regulation of activity of Ministry of Railways

In August, 2006 became effective federal law 140-FZ "About introduction of amendments to the federal law "About Banks and Banking Activity" and Article 37 of the Act of the Russian Federation "About Consumer Protection". The accepted document allowed commercial not credit institutions to transfer money from individuals without license of the Central Bank and opening of the bank account. It concerned payment of services of cellular communication, housing and public utilities, telecommunication, the Internet, etc. The so-called agency scheme led to the fact that in Russia legal entities and physical persons, independent of banks, which activity was not controlled by the state became owners of the majority of terminals. Certainly, it caused the whole avalanche of installations of payment terminals over the country. Entrepreneurs were saved from licensing, bank inspection and supervision, requirements to cash premises, etc.

To take cash flows under accurate control, the instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of 6/20/2007 No. 1842-U "About a procedure of banking activities on money transfer at the request of individuals without opening of bank accounts by it credit institutions with participation of the commercial organizations which are not credit institutions" was accepted. The document became effective in the fall of 2007. According to amendments, any commercial organization which is not credit can perform acceptance of cash from individuals as a payment for certain services only in case of signing of the contract with the credit institution which signed, in turn, agreements with the organizations receivers of means on money transfer in their advantage.

At the end of June, 2008 the bill supporting the agency scheme in principle was supported by FAS, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications. The agency scheme was repeatedly opposed by the Central Bank and the Association of Russian Banks in a type of concerns concerning washing of means via terminals. As a result, the requirement to equip terminals with cash registers appears in the relevant bill as the compulsory provision. The agency scheme allows owners of terminals to sign the direct agreement with the operator of services, without becoming the agent of bank.

Payment terminal

The payment terminal - the hardware-software complex providing payment acceptance from individuals in the self-service mode. High degree of autonomy of its work is characteristic of the payment terminal. Control of work can be made via the Internet.

The payment terminal is intended for:

  • payment acceptance for mobile services, utilities, Internet service providers, on account of repayment of bank loans;
  • replenishments of personal accounts in payment systems, accounts of bank cards.

Principle of functioning

Using the screen menu of the payment terminal the user selects service which he would like to pay, specifies necessary details (the phone number, number of the personal account, etc.). Following the instructions output on the screen enters the necessary amount of the bill acceptor and clicks "Pay". The payment terminal will independently recognize authenticity of cash and their face value.

Using the GPRS modem or other means of communication the terminal sends vvyodenny data on payment to the server of the electronic payment system providing payment processing. Having processed data, the server of an electronic payment system transfers them to the gateway of the server of the organization to which the payment intends. After that the amount entered into the terminal arrives into the account of the user and the terminal prints and issues to the user the check.

This sequence can differ a little. For example, the terminal can only check correctness of a format of the entered details and not check success of carrying out payment. In this case at incorrectly specified details the payment can be accepted by the terminal, but not come into the account to the organizations receivers to the address to technical support service of the company servicing the terminal.

Providing to users an opportunity to use the terminal is service for which the company owner of the terminal usually levies a payment from users. The payment can be appointed as percent from the carried-out amount, is frequent with restriction of the minimum or maximum amount, or can not be levied from the user in an explicit form, and instead be levied from the organization receiver of payment.

Design features

The payment terminal consists from:

  • metal or metal-plastic body. The body of the payment terminal is usually manufactured of steel 2 mm thick and more that allows it to maintain intensive mechanical influences. Inside the separate metal box with the lock for the bill acceptor is established, and the body is locked on the vandalostoyky crossbar lock. If it is going to use the terminal and as the advertizing platform, then the body is completed with additional boxing for installation of the second (advertizing) monitor. For ensuring additional security the possibility of fastening of the body to a floor is usually provided. There is also body in which the monitor compartment (monitor assembly) is isolated from the bill acceptor and the computer with the purpose to complicate penetration of malefactors to the bill acceptor;
  • the computer installed on the special chassis, and equipped, as a rule processor 2.6 GHz, memory of 256 Mb;
  • The TFT monitor (it is frequent with the touch screen), instead of the touch monitor the combination from the normal monitor and the keyboard can be used;
  • devices of uninterrupted power;
  • the bill acceptor intended for acceptance of cash. The bill acceptor determines the face value of the accepted note and verifies its authenticity. The accepted notes are stored in a stacker which is removed at collection of the payment terminal;
  • the printer of checks intended for printing and issue of the check to the user. Owing to the appointment the printer should have the increased reliability and a print speed. Check printers are usually equipped with the prezenter mechanism which allows to print at first the document, then to cut off it and only after it to issue to the user. For printing of checks the special thermal paper in rolls is used;
  • keyboards (in case of the normal monitor). It is also possible to build in the device for work with bank plastic cards the terminal, the keyboard, the scanner of barcodes, a fiscal registrar, etc.
  • GPRS/ GSM- the modem intended for the organization of information exchange between the payment terminal and the server of an electronic payment system on technology of wireless communication of GPRS or GSM. For operation of the modem in it the special SIM card of the corresponding cellular operator providing services in data transmission in an automatic machine installation site is installed.

Analytics of the market instant payments

2020: The volume of shipments of point-of-sale terminals in 2019 grew by 24% and reached 128.2 million pieces

The analytical agency and the The Nilson Report edition published a research about deliveries of POS terminals and other payment solutions for 2019. According to the report, the volume of shipments of point-of-sale terminals in 2019 grew by 24% in comparison with 2018 and reached 128.2 million pieces. On September 22, 2020 INPAS company reported about it. Read more here.

2015: In the Russian market of payment terminals 493 players

The Russian market of payment terminals in 2014 made 3.3 billion rubles, in 2015 493 players worked at it, 52 of which positioned themselves as producers (data of Magram Market Research). Their common problem – total dependence on deliveries of component parts from abroad at the expense of what the prices of end products since January, 2014 – till July, 2015 grew by 85%.

During the fourth quarter 2015 – the first quarter 2016 we predict decline of production by 60% and more. The reason of it is an offer surplus in the second-hand market of terminals (at the average price of the "new" terminal in 110 thousand rubles, second-hand terminals in September-October cost an average of a little more than 30 thousand rubles), turned out to be a consequence large-scale reduction of number of points at the leading payment networks in the summer-fall of the current year under pressure of the Central Bank and security agencies which strengthened fight against illegal cashing in of means. Two of these trends do not allow to make the forecast for segment volume in 2015 yet.

By the end of 2017 production of payment terminals can come out in growth, however former rates of development (up to 15% a year) will not be any more – mass turning of payment networks at the end of 2015 – the beginning of 2016 will lead to acceleration of already powerful outflow of consumers in the Internet (if at the beginning of 2013 only 53% of clients of banks used Internet bank, then at the end of 2014 – already 67%; in the next two years we predict acceleration of this process) that will not promote recovery of sales via terminals. These devices will be in stable demand only from banks on which squares in 2014 48.6 thousand terminals were placed.

2014: growth by 5%

The Russian payment terminals in a year carried out transactions for 1.15 trillion rub of Software to estimates of J'son & Partners Consulting, growth of turnover of payments in 2014 considerably slowed down, and the market grew by 5% and made 1.15 trillion rub. The number of transactions decreased as in a segment of bank, and non-bank terminals, at the same time positive dynamics of the market is caused by increase in the average amount of transaction.

The market of payment bank and non-bank terminals, along with remote financial services, is a part of the market of electronic payment systems. Deceleration of growth rates of the market is caused, including, the following factors:

  • development of services of remote payment – improvement of quality of show-windows, additional opportunities for input and output of means and use of virtual bank cards, significant increase in penetration of bank services;
  • consumers even more often began to pay services of communication, such as mobile communication, broadband access, paid TV and others or using mobile applications, or on the website of the operator;
  • the average commission for commission of transactions is higher, than through other electronic payment systems.

2013: growth by 27%

According to J’son & Partners Consulting, turnover of the market of EPS in Russia in 2013 made 2.4 trillion rubles, having shown growth by 27% in comparison with 2012. Turnover of the market of payment terminals in 2013 made 1.1 trillion rubles or 46% of turnover of the market of EPS, having for the first time made less than a half of turnover of the market. According to forecasts of J'son & Partners Consulting, in the next 5 years the share of turnover of payment terminals will annually decrease and by 2018 will make 31%.

In structure of payments via non-bank payment terminals (NBPT) there will be significant changes: the share of payments for mobile services considerably will decrease while a share of transfers (including money transfers; replenishments of e-wallets; transfers to accounts, including credit institutions), on the contrary, considerably will increase. Since 2014, the number of NBPT will annually decrease because of the competition to other payment methods. Nevertheless, it will hardly negatively affect positive dynamics of turnover of payments in view of increase in the amount of average transaction due to change of structure of turnover in the directions of payments.

According to J'son & Partners Consulting, in 2013 turnover of the market of the bank payment terminals (BPT) made 180 billion rubles (+16% in comparison with 2012), and by the end of 2018 turnover of the market will make about 260 billion rubles. The structure of turnover in the directions of payments in five-year perspective will change in the same direction, as the structure of turnover of NBPT, however, in addition to increase in a share of transfers, J'son & Partners Consulting expects significant increase in a share of payments for housing and communal services.

2012: Terminals occupy more than a half of the market of EPS

By estimates of J'son & Partners Consulting in Russia at the end of 2012 payment terminals are the most popular method of carrying out electronic payments. In general turnover of the market of EPS (which part is the market of payment terminals) in Russia in 2012 will make 1.811 billion rubles, having shown growth by 24% in comparison with a similar indicator of 2011 (1.462 billion rubles). At the same time, in spite of the fact that the market of payment terminals occupies more than a half of all market of EPS (at the end of 2012 in 915 billion rubles or 51% of expected turnover of the market of EPS), its share decreases.

In 2011 a share of turnover of the market of payment terminals made 59% in turnover of the market of EPS. And by 2017, according to forecasts of J'son & Partners, the share of turnover of payment terminals in EPS will decrease to 30% and will make 1.122 billion rubles while turnover of all market will be at the level of 3.74 billion rubles.

The Russian market of payment terminals is divided into two main sectors – bank and non-bank payment terminals. As for a segment of the non-bank payment terminals (NBPT), by estimates of J'son & Partners Consulting in 2012 in Russia there were 227.9 thousand NPT, and by 2017 their quantity will decrease up to 215.7 thousand.

Reduction according to forecasts of experts will be the result of gain of the competition to bank terminals and the increasing popularity of remote financial services. In the market of non-bank payment terminals in Russia there are several players, among them terminal networks QIWI, CyberPlat ("CyberPlat") and Eleksnet are the largest.

Turnover of the market of NPT according to J'son & Partners in 2012 made 762 billion rubles, having increased by 4.5% in comparison with a similar indicator 2011 (729 billion rubles). The share of turnover of non-bank terminals from turnover of payment terminals at the same time in 2012 made 83%.

In 2011 the cumulative share of QIWI, CyberPlat and "Eleksnet (Moskliringcentre)" on turnover in the market exceeded 80%.

By the end 2017 turnover of the market of NPT will make about 875 billion rubles, at the same time the annual average growth rate (CAGR) in 2012-2017 will be 3%, and the share of turnover of non-bank terminals from turnover of payment terminals at the same time by 2017 will decrease to 78%.

The number of transactions in the market of NPT in 2012 was 3.863 billion that is 7% less than a similar indicator of 2011 (4.141 billion). According to forecasts of J'son & Partners Consulting, despite growth of turnover of the market of NPT, by 2017 the number of transactions will decrease up to 3.135 billion. It is connected with increase in a share of money transfers (both towards e-wallets, and towards money transfer systems) that will lead to increase in the amount of one transaction.

It is noted also that the average size of the commission in the market of non-bank payment terminals annually increased 2008-2012 and in 2012 made 6.3%. However, according to forecasts of J'son & Partners Consulting, increase in the competition in the market of instant payments will affect the size of the average commission towards reduction. It is predicted that the average size of the commission in 2017 will be 6%.

2011

At the end of 2011 turnover of the Russian market of instant payments grew in comparison with 2010 more than by 15%, having exceeded 892 billion rubles (data of NAUET).

The number of transactions in 2011 was reduced in comparison with 2010 by 3.4% and was 5.7 billion. At the same time the amount of average payment grew by 18%, having been 156 rubles. It is obvious that it is connected with the continuing increase in a share of "heavy" payments with rather bigger check. Changes in structure of instant payments clearly demonstrate it.

The share of payments for mobile services in a total turnover of the market in 2011 decreased to 66%. For comparison, in 2010 73.5% were the share of "cellular" payments. While the share of the payments directed to repayment of bank loans grew to 13%, having exceeded indicators of 2010 for 4.3%.

Image:Моментальные платежи рынок.jpg

In 2011 the list of services which can be paid by means of instant payments continued to grow. Today it includes payments for benefit of Rosreestr, Federal Bailiff Service and traffic police, taxes (transport, land, income), utility payments, visa consular fees, a payment for kindergarten, even payment of transfers to prisoners and many other things.

The structure of the market of instant payments at the end of 2011 looks as follows:

Image:Структура рынка моментальных платежей  по итогам 2011.JPG

Top three of the market at the end of 2011 did not undergo changes: enter into it QIWI, the CyberPlat and Eleksnet. At the same time shares of the main players continued to decrease due to activity of smaller regional companies. Their aggregate turnover in 2011 grew again, having increased in comparison with 2010 by 14.6%, and was 29% of a total turnover of the market.

As a result, market leaders, increasing absolute measures on turnover, continued to lose a share of the presence in the market.

Positions of the main players of the Russian market of instant payments look as follows:

Image:Позиции основных игроков российского рынка моментальных платежей.JPG

At the end of 2011 it is possible to select the following trends of the market:

  • growth of activity of credit institutions and their interaction with payment systems;
  • increase in a share of regional payment systems in a total amount of the market;
  • growth of average payment for the account of increase in a share of "heavy" payments (repayment of bank loans, payment of train and air tickets, housing and communal services);
  • considerable expansion of the list of services available for payment;
  • expansion of interaction of payment services with government institutions;
  • large operators of instant payments showed interest in providing non-cash payment instruments and got e-wallets. The QIWI service became the pioneer of this direction.

2010

  • The national association of participants of electronic trading analyzed indicators of the market of instant payments in 2010. Its turnover grew to 772.2 billion rubles that there were slightly more than 746 billion predicted based on previous year. According to Boris Kim, the Chairman of the Committee on payment systems and the NAUET bank instruments, more rapid growth of volume of instant payments is caused by market grouping of state services, for example payment of penalties of traffic police, the state fees, taxes and other payments which were unavailable to users of terminals earlier. At the same time the number of transactions and quantity of points of acceptance of money in 2010 did not increase, but there was an average payment more — it increased from 110 rub to 132 rub. It is connected with increase in a share of "heavy" payments, such as payment of an avia - and train tickets and also utility payments.

Relative speed of growth of the market continues to decrease — in 2010 it was 19% whereas the previous year equaled 21%.

One more sign of saturation — lack of growth of number of points of acceptance of money, them in Russia for April, 2011 about 400 thousand, and Kim finds such quantity optimal.

The number of transactions did not change for 2010 — them was both in the 2009th, and in the 2010th about 5.9 billion.

The share of the most popular — and at the same time "easiest" — payments for mobile communication, with 81% in the 2009th decreases to 73.5% in 2010. At the same time the share of utility payments and operations on repayment of the credits increased up to 1.5 and 8.7% respectively. Among the reasons there are reductions of a share of payments for mobile communication — increase in the commission of partners of the systems of instant payment, its size increased from 5.7 to 8%; the number of terminals which work without the commission was reduced (from 15% to 9%). Therefore clients should look for more economic payment methods.

Shares of the main participants of the market of instant payments in 2010 decreased a little:

  • Qiwi — up to 43%,
  • "CyberPlat" — 20.2%,
  • Eleksnet — up to 6.4%,
  • Euroset — 5.1%.

At the same time the share of other players — from 15 increased to 25.3%.

Kim explained it with the increased activity of the regional systems. Besides, banks began to enter the market of instant payments, creating own systems or buying some already existing players. But also operators of the systems of instant payments began to buy banks.

Interpenetration of the banking sector and the market of instant payments is expressed also that the systems of instant payments began to work with bank cards. Such integration helps to attract owners of payroll cards whom in Russia there is a lot of. Having registered such card in the system of instant payments, its owner has an opportunity to manage the account from any terminal of a system instead of withdrawing from it money and then to pay with them services via terminals. It both is convenient, and it is profitable — the commission can be lower.

The systems of instant payments for 2010 created own e-wallets using which there was an opportunity to pay services of online stores. Thanks to it instant payments actually purchased functionality of electronic payment systems, such as WebMoney or Yandex.Money. For example, at Qiwi, according to Kim, already about 10% of money pass through the e-wallet of a system, the truth average payment makes about 6 rub so far. Nevertheless this part of a system of instant payments actively develops — the "heaviest" payments often pass through a purse.

  • In the first half of the year 2010 turnover of the Russian market of instant payments grew by 18.4% up to 354 billion rubles, (data of NAUET).

In the 1st half-year 2010 of a share of the largest market participants were reduced: "The integrated system of instant payments" (Qiwi) — from 49 to 45%, Kiberplat — from 25 to 20%, Euroset — from 6 to 5%, was counted by NAUET. And the share of small payment systems grew by 10 up to 23%, is mentioned in the report.

Changes are connected with entry into force since January 1, 2010 of the law "About the Activities for Payment Acceptance of Individuals Performed by Payment Agents", the Chairman of the Committee on the NAUET payment systems Boris Kim explains. The law changed an order of passing of micropayments. If earlier the large payment network, for example Qiwi or "CyberPlat", could accept them from the subagent (smaller network) and to list to the final receiver, for example the telecom operator, then now such intermediary scheme is prohibited. Therefore networks of the second echelon — according to Kim, them now in Russia about 20 — directly sign agreements with receivers of means, and as a result the share of large operators is reduced. The representative of Qiwi Aleksandra Vysochkina agrees with such explanation.

The chief executive of Kiberplat Vladimir Kuznetsov categorically does not agree with digits of NAUET. According to it, the share of Kiberplat in the market of micropayments considerably exceeds 20%. "And how NAUET could calculate a market share of Kiberplat, without knowing its financial performance?" — Kuznetsov is perplexed. By the way, NAUET is affiliated with Qiwi, he reminds.

Euroset works with most of players of the market of instant payments and considers this traffic in the turnover, the representative of Euroset Ulyana Smolskaya specifies. By the commonly accepted technique the share of Euroset in turnover of the market of instant payments in the first half of the year 2010 made 7.9%, she says.

2007

By CNews Analytics estimates, turnover only of his 5 largest players controlling about 85% of market size increased for 2007 by 100-130% and made more than 16 billion dollars. This indicator in 2006 corresponded to 7.7 billion dollars. The quantity of points of payment acceptance on three largest EPS of Russia this value exceeded 250 thousand: CyberPlat – 100 thousand, Qiwi – 151 thousand.

Positive dynamics of development of EPS in Russia is provided by a number of factors:

  • revenue growth of the population and increase in number of cellular data users. Payment of services of mobile communication is still the main article of revenues of the companies in this market;
  • introduction of new services and increase in a range of the provided services - a possibility of payment of the fixed telephony and also housing and communal services; growth of number of Internet payments (online casino, mobile content, gifts, books, etc.);
  • convenience and speed of payment and also possibility of implementation of micropayments.

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