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2020/06/09 12:37:22

Voice

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Main article: Human body

How Voice Forms

When the vocal cords are close (but not closed), and air passes through the vocal gap, negative pressure is created in the larynx (that is, pressure less than atmospheric) and a suction effect occurs - as a result, the cords close.

If the vocal cords are closed and air from the lungs continues to flow, the pressure under the cords increases rapidly, which leads to opening of the cords, followed again by closing and opening, and so on - up to 500 times per second. Such airflow modulation is the voice.

The process of voice formation occurs in the larynx, but not only the larynx itself participates in it, but also the nervous and respiratory systems. The "contribution" of the lungs is to exhale through the lumen of the larynx of the air jet. The more powerful it is - the louder the sound formed in the larynx, it was not for nothing that each of us noticed that in order to scream loudly, you need to gain more air in the lungs.

The quality of the sound, its tonality, height depend on the structure and condition of the larynx. The larynx itself is a tube, the walls of which are formed by cartilages of a specific shape, connected to each other by muscle and connective tissue bridges. The shape of the cartilaginous larynx determines the tonality of the voice (which is also individual for each, to some extent). An example of this connection is the mutation ("breakage") of the voice in adolescence. A breakage is associated with the growth process of the cartilaginous larynx, which occurs during puberty under the influence of a changed hormonal background. The larger the laryngeal cartilage, the wider its lumen, the lower the person's voice.

In addition, the tonality, sound of the voice depends on the vocal cords - these are connective tissue formations lying in the walls of the larynx and covered with mucosa. When a person is silent, the vocal cords are motionless and the laryngeal lumen is as wide as possible. When talking in a whisper, the vocal cords vibrate, but practically do not contact each other. When talking, they vibrate intensively, rub against each other, and the higher and louder the voice - the already the vocal slit, the closer the contact of the ligaments.

Below you can see in detail how the sound of our voice is formed and modulated.

Singer on MRI:

Speech

Here's what happens in our mouth when we talk.

In order for human speech to be inclusive and understandable, the movements of speech organs must be regular and accurate. However, these movements should be automatic, i.e., without special arbitrary efforts. That's what happens. Usually, the speaker follows only the course of thought, without thinking about what position his tongue should take in his mouth, when to breathe, etc.

Voice Recovery

It is observed that people who find it difficult to express their own emotions and they carry them in themselves are more likely to suffer from various diseases of the pharynx and larynx.

2020: IKhKiV named after Reshetov developed and applied author's method of voice recovery

In moskovskominstitut of surgical correction and restoration the original way of restoration of a voice after removal of a throat is developed and tested. Method consists in creation of vocal valve from patient's own tissues using microsurgical technique. As a result of such operations, patients can regain their voice with individual shades, which is absolutely excluded when using artificial materials. At the same time, the valve of its own tissues does not require replacements and is always ready for use. This became known on June 9, 2020. More details here.