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STI Center Quantum Communications, MIPT, RCC: Technology for the deployment of a budget quantum network

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Developers: STI Center Quantum Communications, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Russian Quantum Center (RCC, Russian Quantum Center, RQC)
Date of the premiere of the system: 2021/10/21
Branches: Telecommunications and communications

Main article: Quantum Computer and Quantum Communication

2021: Quantum Network Architecture Development

Scientists have Center of STI "Quantum Communications" NITU MISiS MIPT PAYMENT PROCESSING CENTRE developed an architecture quantum network that allows you to reduce the cost of its deployment and maintenance by 28% by using optical switches and reducing the number of quantum key distribution devices. The results of the work are published in the scientific journal Optics Express. This TAdviser was reported in NITU "MISiS" on October 21, 2021.

The presented architecture of the AAC network, which is based on the use of optical switches and a reduction in the number of quantum key distribution devices

Quantum key distribution (AAC) is a method of transmitting a secret key between two parties, the security of which is based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics. The RBK allows to create a common random key that is known only to the transmitting and receiving parties and use it to encrypt and decrypt messages. An important and distinctive property of the quantum key distribution is the ability to physically detect, by the increased level of quantum errors or other anomalies, the presence of a third party trying to obtain key information.

The creation of quantum networks is associated with a number of problems: the high cost of AAC devices and the need to ensure reasonable transmission rates of secret keys between communicating entities. The maximum signal rate depends on the length of the line and the parameters of the RBK unit. It will be "reasonable" if it is greater than or equal to the rate of consumption of the key by the consumer. Otherwise, the key of the required length will not have time to accumulate, and the transmission of encrypted data will be interrupted for a "pause."

A group of scientists at NTI NITU "MISiS," MIPT and RCC proposed to solve these difficulties in the development of AAC networks through the use of optical switches of existing fiber optic networks, which will reduce the number of AAC devices used.

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The idea of ​ ​ using switches is that the optical channels of the existing telecommunication structure are very heterogeneous in terms of loss, so the speed of key generation varies greatly in different segments. Therefore, at least in the case of the configuration of the backbone quantum network, it makes no sense to organize continuous generation of keys in all sections - the rate of key generation is limited by the slowest channel. Thus, the use of optical switches in low-loss segments can help significantly reduce the total cost of the quantum network, while the generation rate of the secret key remains sufficiently high.
said co-author of the study, head of the laboratory of quantum communications theory at the Center for Quantum Communications at NITU MISiS Andrei Taiduganov.
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Russia has created technology for the deployment of a budget quantum network

Researchers in their work presented the architecture of the AAC network, which is based on the use of optical switches and a reduction in the number of transmitting and especially receiving devices that use single-photon detectors. They gave an appropriate modification of the network protocol of the network, using a realistic laboratory-tested protocol model. With the help of this model, key generation rates were calculated for each section of the projected backbone quantum network with a length of 670 km between Moscow and Udomley (Tver region), and the network configuration was optimized to ensure its maximum performance. As a prototype, a network of four nodes with one switch was assembled and a network protocol was developed. The work of this small network was tested in a laboratory setting: the obtained experimental results were compared with the predictions of the developed theoretical model, which demonstrated its validity.

Developers have investigated possible network schemes with different device locations and proposed several configurations that provide a 28% reduction in the cost of deploying and maintaining the entire system without significantly losing the overall information transfer rate.