Kievan Rus'

Main article: History of Russia

1131: The birth in Russia of the future King of Denmark Valdemar I, so named after his grandfather Vladimir Monomakh

V.T. Pashuto suggested that "the son of Ingebjörg (daughter of Mstislav Veliky) - the future Danish king Valdemar I (1157-1182) is so named, apparently, in honor of his grandfather, Monomakh" [Paschuto 1968:147; Lind 1990: 16]. According to the Knutling Saga, which in this particular case appears to J. Linda to be reliable [Lind 1990:16], Waldemar was born in Russia seven days after the murder in 1131 of his father and spent his early childhood there.

1095: Mstislav Vladimirovich marries Christine, daughter of the Swedish king

Around 1095, the son of Vladimir Monomakh Mstislav Vladimirovich marries Christine, daughter of the Swedish king Inga Steinkelsson (c. 1084 - c. 1100).

Daughter of Mstislav, known in Scandinavian sources as Malmfried. She was (probably from 1111) the wife of the Norwegian king Sigurd the Crusader (1103-1130), and three years after his death, in 1133, Eirik Eymun. V.T. Pashuto believes that in the first third of the XI century. "Kiev and Novgorod should have had political ties Norway with and with, Denmark if only because Malfrid Mstislavna, when in 1111 she was in Schleswig near Jarl Eilif, married Sigurd I, the son of the Norwegian king Magnus III, returning from the crusade; widowed (1130), she became the wife of the Danish king Eric Emun (1134-1137), who took refuge in Norway after the death of his father, Danish king Eric III the Good "[Paschuto 1968:146].

The daughter of Sigurd the Crusader and Malmfried Mstislavna is named, as is the daughter of Inhibjörg Mstislavna, after their grandmother, the wife of Mstislav Vladimirovich, Kristin.

Inhibjörg Mstislavna, sister of Malmfrida Mstislavna, was married to Knuth Lavard - the son of the Danish king Eirik the Good (1095-1103), the Danish prince, the Bodritsky king in 1129-1131, who was killed in 1131 [Pashuto 1968:146].

V.T. Pashuto suggested that "the son of Ingebjörg and Knuth is the future Danish king Valdemar I (1157-1182) is so named, apparently, after his grandfather, Monomakh" [Paschuto 1968:147; Lind 1990: 16]. According to the Knutling Saga, which in this particular case appears to J. Lindh to be reliable [Lind 1990:16], Waldemar was born in Russia seven days after the murder of his father and spent his early childhood there.

1074: Vladimir Monomakh marries daughter of English king Harald II

Guide is the daughter of the last ruling Anglo-Saxon king Harald II, who died during the conquest of England by the Normans in 1066. In accordance with the hypothesis of A.V. Nazarenko, in Russia, Guide Kharaldovna adopted, according to the custom of that time, the Orthodox name Anna [Nazarenko 1993a: 77, note. 79]. Gida was married by Vladimir, son of Yaroslav the Wise, but as S.H. Cross rightly noted, chronological considerations make one think that it was not Yaroslav the Wise's son but grandson, Vladimir Monomakh, born in 1053, then Prince of Smolensk and later in 1113-1125, Grand Prince of Kyiv [Cross 1929:182].

The dating adopted in science of the marriage of Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh and the Guide - 1074/75 - relies only on the date of birth of their eldest son Mstislav Veliky - February 1076 [PSRL. T. 2. Stb.190; Kuchkin 1971: 24-25]. Taking into account the participation of the Danish king Sven Estridsen in the conclusion of this marriage, noted by Saxon Grammatik, as well as the simultaneous German-Chernigov and German-Danish negotiations in the early 1070s, A.V. Nazarenko sees this marriage as "manifestation of a coordinated international policy" of the younger brothers Izyaslav of Kyiv - Svyatoslav of Chernigov and Vsevolod Pereyaslavsky, father of Vladimir Monomakh, - "in 1069-1072, aimed at isolating the Polish prince Boleslav II, the main ally of Izyaslav Yaroslavich." Accordingly, he relates the time of marriage to the period between 1072 and 1074 [Nazarenko 1984: 187-188].

Guida died in the late 1090s. Through her son Mstislav Veliky, she was the ancestor of the Danish king Valdemar I and his descendants, as well as Queen of England Philippa Gennegau and King Edward III of England, and therefore all subsequent English and British monarchs.

1044: Future King of Norway Harald the Harsh marries Elizabeth - daughter of Yaroslav the Wise

In the winter of 1043/1044, Harald became the son-in-law of Yaroslav the Wise, taking as his wife Elizabeth Yaroslavna (Ellisif in the sagas), from whom he had two daughters - Maria and Ingigerd. Although Harald was a Christian, in 1048 he took as concubine Torah, the daughter of Jarl Torberg Arnason, who gave birth to the future Norwegian kings Magnus II and Olav III Tikhy.

1043: Vladimir Yaroslavich and Harald's campaign against Byzantine Emperor Constantine Monomakh

In 1043, Yaroslav the Wise, "for the murder of one famous Russian in Tsaregrad" (in Constantinople), sent his son, Prince Vladimir of Novgorod, together with Harald Harsh (the future king of Norway) on a campaign against Emperor Konstantin Monomakh. The campaign ended with a peace concluded in 1046.

1031: The future King of Norway Harald III the Harsh enters the service of Yaroslav the Wise in Kyiv

The future king of Norway, Harald III the Harsh, at the age of 16, formed a military detachment of those who, like him, were forced to leave the country as a result of the death of Olav II, and in 1031 arrived in Kyiv with the detachment, where he entered the service of Yaroslav the Wise.

In 1031-1034, Harald, together with Eiliv Regnvaldson, the son of Jarl (posadnik) Aldeygyborg (Ladoga) Rögnvald Ulvsson, takes part in Yaroslav's campaign against the Poles and, according to the Scandinavian sagas, is the co-leader of the army.

1019: The marriage of Yaroslav to Ingigerd, daughter of a Swedish king, to form a coalition against Poland in the struggle for the throne of Kyiv

Most fully, the story of the marriage of Yaroslav Vladimirovich and Ingigerd (daughter of the Swedish king Olav Eiriksson, who ruled from 995 to 1022, and probably the vendka Astrid) is presented by Snorri Sturluson. For more details see Leningrad Oblast

964: Svyatoslav's campaign against the Khazars

882: Oleg declares Kyiv "mother of Russian cities"

In 879, Rurik died and Oleg began to reign in Novgorod as the guardian of his young son Igor.

In 882, Oleg came to Kyiv, killed the local rulers Askold and Dir and declared Kyiv the "mother of Russian cities," began to rule in it.

See also

• Northern Russia