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2024: R&D spending up 27.3% to $543.2 million
Kazakhstan showed a significant increase in domestic costs for research and development in 2024, which increased by 27.3% and amounted to ₸219,7 billion (₽32,37 billion) or about $543.2 million. Despite the positive dynamics of funding for the scientific sphere for the second year in a row, the share of R&D in the country's gross domestic product remains critically low at 0.16%. This is evidenced by the data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, published in August 2025.
The growth in funding for scientific activities in Kazakhstan began in 2023 after the presidential instructions for the development of science, when costs increased by 42%. The science intensity of the economy grew slightly from 0.14% to 0.16% of GDP, but this indicator remains at a catastrophically low level compared to developed countries of the world.
According to the UNESCO Institute of Statistics, Kazakhstan is significantly behind the leading countries in terms of the share of R&D in the economy. In Japan, this figure is 3.4%, in Israel - 6%, in the Netherlands - 2.3%. Kazakhstan plans to reach 1% of GDP by 2027, which will require a multiple increase in the current amount of funding.
The regional distribution of spending on science is characterized by extreme unevenness. Experts of the National Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan used the Pareto diagram to analyze costs by region, which demonstrates the effect of the "80/20" principle. Four regions - Almaty, Astana, Mangistau and East Kazakhstan regions - provide 76.3% of all R&D spending in the country.
The funding structure by ownership shows the dominance of the public sector. State-owned organizations provided ₸132,6 billion (₽19,51 billion) of the total spending on science in 2024. It was state-owned enterprises that became the driver of the growth of total investment in R & D.[1]
2020: R&D costs - $718 million
Notes
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