Vaccines against coronavirus COVID-19

Main article: Coronavirus COVID-19

Vaccination against coronavirus COVID-19

• Vaccination against coronavirus COVID-19 in Russia
• Vaccination against coronavirus COVID-19 in countries of the world

Vaccines in Russia

Main article: Vaccines against coronavirus COVID-19 in Russia

Satellite V is the world's first vaccine against COVID-19

Main article: Sputnik V (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

Satellite M (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

Main article: Sputnik M (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

Satellite light

Main article: Satellite light

EpiVacCorona

Main article: EpiVacCorona (COVID-19 vaccine)

KoviVak

Main article: KoviVac (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

Ural (coronavirus vaccine)

Main article: Ural (coronavirus vaccine)

Vaccines in China

Main article: Vaccines against COVID-19 in China

• Convidescence of Ad5-nCoV (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

• CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech vaccine for COVID-19)

Vaccines in Europe

AstraZeneca vaccine

Main article: Vaxzevria (formerly AstraZeneca vaccine against COVID-19)

CureVac vaccine

Main article: CVnCoV (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

Vaccine VLA2001

Main article: VLA2001 (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

Sanofi and GSK vaccine

Main article: Vidprevtyn (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

Chronicle

2023: EU countries destroy unnecessary doses of COVID-19 vaccine for €4 billion

In mid-December 2023, information appeared that the countries of the European Union disposed of at least 215 million doses of vaccines from COVID-19, which were purchased at the height of the pandemic, but turned out to be unclaimed. The cost of destroyed products is estimated at more than €4 billion.

Politico reports that since the first COVID-19 coronavirus vaccines were approved at the end of 2020 states , the EU has collectively received approximately 1.5 billion doses of drugs, that is, more than three units per resident. Europe Calculations based on available data show that EU countries have abandoned an average of 0.7 doses of the vaccine per capita. The leader in this indicator is where Estonia 1.1 doses were unnecessary per citizen. Next come Germany Slovenia with an indicator of 0.98 and 0.94 doses, respectively, and close the top five Netherlands Italy and with a value of 0.91 and 0.83 doses per capita.

If we consider the EU states as a whole, then the most destroyed vaccines against COVID-19 fall on Germany - about 83 million doses. Italy is in second place with 49.1 million doses disposed of, and Netherlands 16.3 million doses close the top three. This is followed by Spain 13.9 million doses Romania and 9.8 million units.

Politico analysts used a weighted average price of €19.39 per dose of vaccine. Thus, drugs for COVID-19 worth approximately €4.17 billion have been destroyed in the EU. It is noted that attempts to transfer the surplus of purchased vaccines to third countries were unsuccessful due to falling demand and logistics problems. It is emphasized that the real figures for the volume of disposed vaccines can be significantly higher, since some data collected date back to the end of 2022.^[1]

Vaccines in the United States

Pfizer/BioNTech: mRNA vaccine against SARS-COV-2

Main article: Pfizer and BioNTech vaccine against COVID-19

Moderna vaccine

Main article: Moderna MRNA-1273 (COVID-19 vaccine)

Johnson & Johnson vaccine

Main article: Johnson & Johnson vaccine against COVID-19

Novavax vaccine

Main article: Novavax: COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine

Vaccines in India

Main article: Covaxin (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

Main article: Covishield (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

Vaccines in Israel

Main article: Oravax (COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine)

2023

How vaccines against COVID-19 provoke inflammation of the heart. Scientific explanation

On May 5, 2023, American researchers from Yale University announced the results of work shedding light on the nature of myocarditis in some people who have been vaccinated against coronavirus (COVID-19).

After the start of the use of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19, health officials recorded an increase in cases of myocarditis - an acute or chronic inflammatory disease of the heart muscle, characterized by nonspecific symptoms. Myocarditis can cause sudden death of the patient. The disease affects mainly young adults (20-40 years old), and men are more likely than women.

It is noted that in the case of COVID-19, an increased incidence of myocarditis during vaccination was observed mainly in males in adolescence or slightly over 20 years old. They were vaccinated with mRNA drugs designed to induce an immune response specifically to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Among men ages 12 to 17, myocarditis suffered 22 to 36 people per 100,000 citizens within 21 days of receiving the second dose of the vaccine, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Among unvaccinated men of this age group, the incidence of myocarditis ranged from 50.1 to 64.9 cases per 100,000 citizens after infection with the COVID-19 virus.

A Yale research team conducted a detailed analysis of the immune system response of vaccinated individuals who developed myocarditis. It turned out that the inflammation of the heart was caused not by antibodies created by the vaccine, but by a more general reaction, including immune cells. Experts came to the conclusion that the immune system of such patients reacts too violently to the introduction of a vaccine and produces cytokines in excess quantities. Earlier studies have shown that increasing the time between vaccinations from four to eight weeks can reduce the risk of developing myocarditis.^[2]

Satellite V is among the leaders among vaccines against coronavirus in the number of vaccinated in the world

The Russian Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine has become one of the leaders among other drugs against COVID-19 in terms of the number of vaccinated on a global scale. This was announced in early February 2023 by the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF).

As noted by the journal Nature, as of the beginning of 2023, more than 50 vaccines for the disease have been approved. Hundreds of drugs are in the early and late stages of clinical trials, and hundreds more projects to develop drugs against COVID-19 have been curtailed.

According to statistics, eight of the world's leading manufacturers of vaccines against coronavirus have released more than 16 billion doses. Of these, 13 billion were used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 and helped save more than 20 million lives. At the same time, Sputnik V is one of the most popular drugs. It is said that the use of the Sputnik V vaccine has been approved in more than 70 countries of the world with a total population of over 4 billion people, which exceeds 50% of the world's population. More than 100 countries have approved entry for Sputnik V vaccinated. The Sputnik V vaccine shows high effectiveness against the Delta strain - 83.1% against infection and 94.4% against hospitalization.

The high safety and effectiveness of Sputnik V is confirmed by the results of more than 50 clinical studies and data on the use of national vaccination programs in various regions of the world, including Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America, the report says.

It is said that COVID-19 is no longer considered an emergency on a global scale. And therefore, the developers of new generation vaccines will not rush to bring their drugs to the market. The emphasis is on creating medicines that will be durable in the long term.^[3]

Pfizer accused of artificially eliminating viruses to sell vaccines

At the end of January 2023, journalists from Project Veritas stated that Pfizer allegedly specifically creates variants of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in its laboratories in order to create updated vaccines for their treatment. Read more here.

2022

63 thousand Britons in 2022 died within 7 weeks after receiving the third dose of vaccine from COVID-19

In 2022, tens of thousands of Britons died within about 7 weeks of receiving the third dose of COVID-19 vaccine. This is stated in the document of the National Statistical Service of Britain (ONS), published at the end of 2022. Read more here.

Virus mutations reduced vaccine effectiveness

Omicron mutations have reduced the effectiveness of the vaccine, according to the CDC. Almost 40% of people hospitalized in the United States with a subvariant of the Covid virus, which circulated in the spring of 2022, were vaccinated.

Weekly hospitalization rates increased among all adults - people over 65 were most affected. However, the total number of hospitalizations remained much lower than in the period when the delta option raged in the fall of 2021.

CDC scientists have found that vaccines and revaccination help to better protect people with the delta variant from hospitalization.

Russia exported 102.4 million doses of coronavirus vaccines

By May 31, 2022, Russia exported a total of 102.4 million doses of vaccines against the COVID-19 coronavirus. This volume includes drugs supplied both under contracts and through donations. The World Trade Organization (WTO) released the relevant data in July 2022.

According to WTO statistics, Russia in 2021-2022. accounted for 1.7% of the world export of vaccines against coronavirus. For a year and a half, the Russian Federation donated 2.2 million doses of vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19 to more than 20 countries. Most of all, the Sputnik Light vaccine was supplied as humanitarian aid - 1.7 million doses, 502.2 thousand doses of Sputnik V were delivered, as well as 300 doses of EpiVacCorona in February 2021.

Russia transferred most of the vaccines as humanitarian aid to the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), deliveries there were recorded in 2021. In January-May 2022, vaccines were either not supplied, or this was not reported in open sources.

Russia also actively transmitted tests for COVID-19 to other countries - a little more than 2 million, personal protective equipment (44 reports of this type of humanitarian aid), medical equipment (28 reports). In different countries, Russia supplied devices for artificial ventilation of the lungs, medical beds, blood transfusion systems, etc.

According to the World Trade Organization, the total supply of antiquated vaccines as of May 31, 2022 amounted to 15.2 billion doses, of which 9 billion were used within the producing countries and 6.2 billion were exported.

Of the total exports, 409.2 million doses were directly donated by different countries, another 829.2 million through COVAX - a global initiative to access vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19 (WHO-qualified drugs are supplied).^[4]

2021

Identifying fake COVID-19 vaccination certificates will help AI

Specialists from the International Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET) have published a study on the identification of fake certificates of vaccination against COVID-19 technology-based bots (artificial intelligence AI) and deep learning. Their goal was programming Python to create a bot in a language into which one could simply download a certificate to check if it was fake or not. This became known on May 12, 2022. More. here

Russia entered the top five largest manufacturers and exporters of vaccines against COVID-19

Russia entered the top five largest manufacturers and exporters of vaccines against coronavirus. COVID-19 This is evidenced by data from the World Trade Organization () WTO and the International Monetary Fund (), IMF released at the end of December 2021.

The share of the Russian Federation in the global export of vaccines against coronavirus reached 2.6%. Since the start of the supply of vaccines, Russia has managed to export about 93.4 million doses. At the same time, about 140 million doses got to the country's domestic market.

China has become the world leader in the production of COVID vaccines (45% and 4.52 billion doses of vaccines). The top three also included the European Union (22.4%) and India (15.6%). The United States was also included in the top five (847.5 million doses of drugs, which corresponds to an 8.4% share).

The most popular vaccine in the world was the Chinese Sinovac (it was produced by about 2.37 billion doses). In second place is the European AstraZeneca (2.26 billion doses), followed by the Chinese Sinopharm (almost 2.1 billion doses).

In total, according to the WTO, by the end of 2021, more than 10 billion doses of coronavirus vaccine were produced in the world, of which almost 3.7 billion doses were exported to other countries, follows from the WTO data.

According to Federal Customs Service the export of "other vaccines for people," which also includes the supply of Sputnik V, for ten months of 2021 it amounted to more than $1.2 billion (the largest recipients Argentina are,,, and Mexico UAE). Kazakhstan India

The five countries for the purchase of Russian vaccines in 2021 included: Argentina - almost $220 million, Mexico - $190 million, UAE - $126 million, Kazakhstan - $114 million, India - $112 million. These countries account for more than 60% of vaccine exports. RDIF Kirill Dmitriyev The head said that the sales of Sputnik V abroad are already more than twice as much as the entire annual export of all Russian drugs.^[5]

Vaccinated with American and European vaccines in Poland accounted for 26% of deaths from COVID-19

At the end of November 2021, the Polish Ministry of Health for the first time revealed mortality from the coronavirus COVID-19 among those who were vaccinated against it. According to the results of November 29, 526 deaths from coronavirus infection were registered in Poland, among which 140 people were vaccinated, and 386 did not make any vaccinations. Thus, the vaccinated accounted for approximately 26% of deaths, the causes of which are associated with complications due to COVID-19. Read more here.

Preliminary results of AstraZeneca and Sputnik Light vaccine combination study received in Azerbaijan

On July 30, 2021, preliminary results of a clinical study of the combined use of the AstraZenek vaccine (developed jointly with Oxford University) and the first component of the Sputnik V vaccine, conducted in the Republic of Azerbaijan, were obtained . Read more here.

Moderna CEO Stefan Bancel tops billionaire rating thanks to COVID-19 vaccine sales

At the end of May 2021, it became known that thanks to the sales of vaccines against COVID-19 at least nine managers of pharmaceutical companies became billionaires. The profits of the companies were reflected in the growth in the value of their shares, and this pleasantly affected the well-being of their owners. Moderna Bancel Stéphane The head of the pharmaceutical company topped the rating of billionaires. More. here

WHO estimates the cost of vaccination against COVID-19 at $35-45 billion

In early May 2021, WHO announced that the international COVAX program would need $35-45 billion to vaccinate adults against COVID-19 in 2022. This was announced at a briefing by the head of WHO Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

Thanks to the COVAX program, more than 49 million doses of the vaccine have already been delivered worldwide. This program is led by WHO, the Global Alliance for Vaccination (Gavi) and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (Cepi), and the UN Children's Fund Unicef acts as a key partner in the implementation of the program.

COVAX was created to bring together international health organizations to ensure equitable distribution of vaccines, thanks to richer countries offsetting vaccine costs for poorer ones. Health experts, including the head of WHO, made it clear that the fight against coronavirus is global and called on richer countries to help other states take control of the situation.

Dr. Tedros Ghebreyesus criticized rich countries that undermine the COVAX program: he accused their governments of "overeating" international vaccine supplies by ordering several times more doses than they really require. By the end of April, only 0.3% of vaccines used worldwide had been delivered to people in low-income countries.

Ghana became the first country to receive the vaccine under the COVAX program in February 2021. Tens of millions of doses have since been sent across all continents, with experts hoping to distribute two billion more doses by the end of the year. By the end of June, COVAX needs to deliver about 20 million additional doses to fill the supply shortfall caused by the growing crisis in India.^[6]

Discontinuing development of two experimental vaccines against COVID-19 from Merck due to lack of necessary results

At the end of January 2021, Merck & Co. announced that it would stop developing two of its experimental vaccines against COVID-19. Early trials have shown that these drugs are not capable of eliciting an immune response comparable to natural infection or other vaccines. Read more here.

Volume of orders for vaccines of various suppliers

2020

The rating of the most popular vaccines against COVID-19 has been compiled

At the end of November 2020, Bloomberg published a rating of the most popular vaccines against the coronavirus COVID-19 according to the calculations of the London research firm Airfinity. Sputnik V is in 7th place, and the AstraZeneca vaccine tops the list, which most of the world counts on, with the exception of very rich countries like the United States.

As Bloomberg notes, successful clinical trials conducted by the companies Pfizer and Moderna have given people hope for an imminent vaccine against. COVID-19 But much of the world relies on the results of AstraZeneca's final phase of research on the Astra vaccine, due to be published by the end of 2020. This vaccine, according to Airfinity experts, will account for more than 40% of supplies to low-income countries, since Astra costs much less than Pfizer and will be produced in many countries at the same time, from to. India Brazil In addition, it does not need to be stored at ultra-low temperatures. However, if the British vaccine cannot match the high level of efficacy that the vaccine provides and, Pfizer or Moderna if AstraZeneca cannot quickly deploy vaccination, the pandemic will continue to reap its deadly benefits in many countries.

Pfizer has applied for permission to use the new vaccine in an emergency and will begin vaccination in the United States in mid-December. While rich countries will be able to get the first batches of Pfizer and Moderna vaccine thanks to pre-purchased volumes, most regions of the world depend on other companies, especially AstraZeneca, Novavax and Johnson & Johnson. Moreover, in the coming months, supplies are likely to be difficult to meet demand. However, a global program called Covax has made great progress in achieving equitable distribution of vaccines around the world - it has attracted dozens of countries to participate and entered into deals for the supply of 700 million doses.^[7]

Microsoft accused Russia of cyber attacks on COVID-19 vaccine developers without evidence

November 13, 2020 Microsoft announced cyber attacks hackers from Russia DPRK and to foreign companies engaged in the creation of vaccines against coronavirus. COVID-19 More. here

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SAP launches Vaccine Collaboration Hub for government and life sciences organizations

On November 9, 2020, SAP CIS announced the launch of the Vaccine Collaboration Hub (VCH) for government and life sciences organizations involved in vaccine development. It will increase the efficiency of the interaction of companies in the field of supply chains, as well as help governments of different countries and their industry partners better coordinate and launch mass vaccination programs faster. More here - - >

Johnson & Johnson launches phase 3 international clinical trial of Janssen COVID-19 vaccine

On October 9, 2020, it became known about the launch of a large-scale international phase 3 study (ENSEMBLE) of a candidate vaccine against COVID-19. The vaccine is JNJ-78436735 being developed by Janssen, a pharmaceutical company called Johnson & Johnson. Read more here.

Canadian tobacco-based vaccine trials

In October 2020, it became known that the Canadian company Medicago plans to conduct final trials of the tobacco-based COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine in December 2020 - January 2021. Read more here.

Biocad will release a vaccine from the Gamaleya Institute against COVID-19

On September 24, 2020, the biotechnological company Biocad announced the signing of an agreement with the Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after GamaleyaMinistry of Health of Russia on the industrial production of the vaccine. Biocad becomes an industrial partner of the scientific center and will provide mass production of the Sputnik V vaccine. Read more here.

Vaccination against tuberculosis reduces by 80% the chances of contracting COVID-19

In early September 2020, the Netherlands announced that it would begin testing a vaccine against tuberculosis, which is supposed to protect vulnerable populations from respiratory infections, in particular, from the coronavirus. Thousands of pensioners with a weakened immune system, who are at high risk during the coronavirus pandemic, will take part in the testing. Read more here.

GSK and Sanofi received $2.1 billion from the US authorities to develop 100 million doses of vaccines against COVID-19

At the end of July 2020, it became known that the US authorities paid $2.1 billion to Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline for vaccines against COVID-19. These funds will go to research and production of the candidate vaccine, and the purchased volume should be enough to vaccinate 50 million people. Read more here.

Britain accuses' Russian intelligence services' of stealing its non-existent vaccine

"Almost certainly it was the Russian special services": the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom say that Russian hackers "commit cyber attacks on organizations related to the search for a vaccine against coronavirus"

A July 2020 publication published by the UK's National Cyber ​ ​ Security Center (NCSC) talks about attacks on organizations looking for a vaccine against COVID-19. The attacks are attributed to hacker group APT29, also known as Cozy Bear, which they claim "almost certainly" works for Russian intelligence agencies.

"APT29's campaign of malicious action continues. The actions are directed mainly against government, diplomatic, analytical, medical and energy facilities. Their likely target is the theft of valuable intellectual property, "the press release said. "With a probability of more than 95%" this group is associated with the Russian special services, the special services say.

"The group uses a variety of tools and techniques, including phishing and malware known as WellMess and WellMail," it said. The statement also mentions that before that Cozy Bear was not associated with these programs,

Earlier today, a statement by the country's Foreign Ministry appeared on the website of the British Parliament that Russia "almost certainly" interfered in the 2019 parliamentary elections: "Although we have no evidence, we consider interference unacceptable," Dominic Raab said in a statement. Here you can also find already familiar "high likes," "this is unacceptable!" and "we leave the right to retaliate."

The Kremlin commented on the accusations: "We do not have information on who could hack pharmaceutical companies and research centers in the UK. We can say one thing - Russia has nothing to do with these attempts, "said Dmitry Peskov, press secretary of the Russian president. The Russian Foreign Ministry also called these accusations unfounded

Migal Galilee Research Institute uses BIOVIA applications to develop COVID-19 vaccine

The Migal Galilee Research Institute uses Dassault Systèmes 's BIOVIA applications to develop a vaccine against COVID-19. This became known on July 7, 2020. Read more here.

Panasonic allocates 200 million yen to develop vaccines against COVID-19

On May 20, 2020, it became known that the Japanese technology corporation Panasonic will support the research and development of drugs and vaccines against COVID-19, which is being conducted by Osaka University, Osaka Prefecture and a number of other organizations for May 2020. Panasonic has allocated 200 million yen to support the project. Read more here.

WHO begins first trials of coronavirus vaccine

On March 18, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the start of the first trials of the coronavirus vaccine.

The first vaccine trial has begun, just 60 days after the genetic sequence of the coronavirus was investigated. This is an incredible achievement... We thank researchers around the world who have come together to systematically approach the evaluation of experimental therapies, "said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus at a WHO press conference in Geneva.

According to him, WHO and partners are organizing research in many countries to compare yet to be tested treatments for COVID-19. Countries such as Argentina, Bahrain, Canada, France, Iran, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland and Thailand joined the study, Ghebreyesus noted, adding that this study should help identify the most effective treatment.

At the same time, Ghebreyesus noted that numerous trials, even using various methods, may not provide convincing evidence of which treatments actually help save the lives of those infected.^[8]

Notes