Special Economic Zones, OJSC
Since 2006
Russia
Central Federal District of the Russian Federation
Moscow
6 Tverskaya Boulevard, 125009
The SEZ mechanism was launched in 2005. It involves the creation of specialized economic zones in various regions, the development of which is subsidized by the state. The SEZ coordinator is the Ministry of Economic Development.
2024
Rostov SEZ will be created in Novocherkassk for 8.6 billion rubles
On March 9, 2024, the Russian government approved a decree on the creation of three new and expansion of two existing special economic zones (SEZs). In particular, the Rostov SEZ was formed in Novocherkassk, in which eight companies intend to work with a total investment of about 8.6 billion rubles. Read more here.
The creation of the SEZ "Sistema" was approved for 33 billion rubles for the production of electronics
On March 9, 2024, the Russian government approved a decree on the creation of a special economic zone (SEZ) of the Sistema industrial and production type in Mordovia. The total investment of enterprises on this site will amount to more than 33.3 billion rubles. Read more here.
2023: Putin signs law creating SEZ in Kuril Islands
In mid-March 2023, the president Russia Vladimir Putin signed a law Special Economic Zone (SEZ) creating on. Kuril Islands The project will be implemented in the territories of the South Kuril, Kuril and North Kuril urban districts, following the Sakhalin Oblast example. Magadan region More. here
2022
Creation of SEZ "Nyagan" agreed by the government
In the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, the first special economic zone of the Nyagan industrial and production type will be created, it will become the 50th such zone in Russia. The press service of the Cabinet of Ministers announced this on December 27, 2022. Read more here.
Electronic components and chips will be produced in the special economic zone "Vladimir"
Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed a decree on the creation of a new special economic zone "Vladimir" in the Vladimir region. The press service of the Cabinet of Ministers announced this on December 15, 2022. Read more here.
The government agreed on the creation of a SEZ in the Chuvash Republic, Volgograd and Kemerovo regions
In October 2022, the Government Working Group agreed on the creation of three new special economic zones (SEZs) in the Chuvash Republic, Volgograd and Kemerovo regions.
Mishustin approved the creation of a special economic zone in Perm
In mid-July 2022, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed a government decree approving the creation of a special economic zone (SEZ) "Perm." It refers to industrial and production sites. Read more here.
Mishustin approved the creation of an innovative SEZ in the Vladimir region
At the end of June 2022, Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin, during his visit to the Vladimir region, announced his support for the idea of creating a special economic zone (SEZ) in the region. Read more here.
Mishustin approved the creation of the Ust-Luga SEZ in the Leningrad Region
At the end of May 2022, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed a decree approving the creation of the Ust-Luga special economic zone in the Leningrad Region. It is planned to build one of the world's largest gas processing facilities on its territory. Read more here.
2018
Accounts Chamber: 10 out of 25 SEZs are ineffective
The Accounts Chamber analyzed the condition of a total of 25 zones in 22 regions, that is, all SEZs that existed in Russia as of September 1, 2018, and recognized 10 of them as ineffective. Financing of inefficient zones from the budget reaches 55.1 billion rubles. In addition, they attracted investments in the amount of 7.6 billion rubles.
Of all inefficient SEZs, only Innopolis, which is a technical-implementation type (TBT) zone, is directly related to IT, it is also called an innovative type. In Russia, there are other types of SEZ: tourist and recreational (TRT), port (POZ) and industrial and production (PPT).
In addition to the SEZ TVT "Innopolis," the list of ineffective zones includes the SEZ TRT "Turquoise Katun," the SEZ TRT "Baikal Harbor," the POZ "Ulyanovsk," the SEZ PPT "Moglino," the SEZ of the tourist cluster under the management of JSC "Resorts of the North Caucasus."
Among the reasons for the ineffective work of the SEZ, the Accounts Chamber calls improper management by the Ministry of Economic Development, regional authorities and management companies. In particular, as of July 1, 2018, 12 of the 20 SEZs that were transferred to the management of the regions were not approved by the lists of infrastructure facilities. The creation and development of the SEZ took place in slow motion, the timing of the construction of infrastructure facilities was delayed, and in some cases, in this regard, the cost of construction increased.
As of July 1, 2018, there was no approved procedure for compensation by the authorities for the costs of creating the SEZ infrastructure. Already created objects cannot start working, since in some cases it is not possible to provide a load corresponding to their capacity. As of October 2018, the load on the SEZ infrastructure is about 48%.
Another indicator of insufficiently effective management on the part of management companies and regions is a low share in the total useful area of the SEZ of land plots that are used by residents. As of January 1, 2018, this figure was about 38%.
As noted at the board of the Accounts Chamber, the reason for the adoption of unworked management decisions is the lack of a strategic planning document on a single mechanism for the creation and functioning of tools for the development of the territory of Russia. As a result of such decisions, budgetary funds were spent without achieving the desired result.
At the same time, the Accounts Chamber notes the imperfection of the rules for assessing the effectiveness of the SEZ and declares the need to finalize them. The indicators that the Ministry of Economic Development uses to characterize the situation in the zones do not make it possible to assess the growth of manufacturing and high-tech sectors of the economy, tourism, the availability of the sanatorium and resort sphere, the growth of new types of products and technologies through the SEZ mechanism. At the same time, the planned and actual indicators appearing in the report of the Ministry of Economic Development on assessing the effectiveness of the SEZ do not correspond to the state program "Economic Development and Innovative Economy."
In total, in 2005-2017, 36 special economic zones were created in Russia in 31 regions. However, in 2010-2017, 11 of them had to be closed due to inefficiency and incorrect management. 4.5 billion rubles were spent on the creation and development of 11 closed areas. budget funds.
If we talk about all Russian SEZs, then in 2006-2018 they received about 201.2 billion rubles for their creation and development. budget funds. At the same time, 131.4 billion rubles. of this amount came from the federal budget, and another 69.8 billion rubles. - from the budgets of the regions on the territory of which the SEZ are located.
As of January 1, 2018, 491.9 billion rubles were raised for the construction of infrastructure facilities, taking into account all sources of financing together. Of this amount, 254 billion rubles. are budgetary funds.
The Accounts Chamber notes that the sources of financing for the construction of SEZ facilities in the amount of 197.8 billion rubles. could not be determined. This means that in the future these costs may have to be covered from the federal budget. As of 2018, the cost of infrastructure facilities unsecured by financing increased 2.6 times compared to 2017.
The Accounts Chamber notes that over the past 12 years, residents of the Russian SEZ have invested a total of 292.1 billion rubles in them. About 66.7% of this amount was attracted by residents of three SEZs located in the Republic of Tatarstan (Alabuga), in the Lipetsk region, in St. Petersburg, which are recognized as conditionally effective.
Based on the results of the audit of the Accounts Chamber, information letters will be sent to the president and the government. The report on the results of the analysis will be sent to the chambers of the Federal Assembly.[1]
Tatarstan transferred 100% of the shares of SEZ "Innopolis" and "Alabuga" for 32 billion rubles
In 2018, Special Economic Zones JSC transferred to Tatarstan a 100% stake in the Innopolis and Alabuga SEZs. This was reported by the press service of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of[2]The decision to transfer the shares was made at the end of 2017. Earlier, the Russian government ordered the airless transfer of the property of the joint-stock company to the regions of the Russian Federation.
"According to this decision, the Republic of Tatarstan from the federal JSC" Special Economic Zones "donated about 32 million shares of the SEZ with a nominal value of about 32 miliards of rubles," the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Tatarstan reports. Prior to that, Tatarstan disposed of 34% of Alabuga shares and 2.28% of Innopolis.
As specified in the department, the transfer of shares from the federal JSC is taking place as part of the reform of the SEZ institute, the essence of which is to completely focus the management of such zones in the hands of the regions.
2017
Accounts Chamber: SEZ did not work
In April 2017, the board of the Accounts Chamber considered the report of auditor Sergei Agaptsov regarding the work of the Special Economic Zones (SEZ). The board came to the conclusion that the SEZ economy did not become an effective mechanism for the development of the economy[3].
In total, 383.2 billion rubles were spent on the construction of the SEZ infrastructure, of which the federal budget spent 127.7 billion rubles, regional budgets - 104.1 billion rubles. In 2017-2019 The Ministry of Economic Development provided for budgetary investments for the development of the SEZ in the amount of 13.1 billion rubles.
Agaptsov notes that over the 11 years of its existence, only 21.1 thousand workplaces have been created in the SEZ. On average, budget investments in the amount of 9.1 million rubles were allocated to create one workplace, and taking into account the investments of SEZ residents, the amount of costs per workplace amounted to 21 million rubles.
The total volume of investments made by residents of the SEZ amounted to 217.7 billion rubles. - this is 33.5% of the declared volume. At the same time, the main volume of investments - 77.4% - was attracted by residents of three SEZs: PPT Alabuga in Tatarstan, PPT Lipetsk and TVT St. Petersburg.
The total volume of tax and customs payments paid by residents of the SEZ amounted to 38.8 billion rubles, most of which are accounted for by the Alabuga PPT and Lipetsk PPT. At the same time, the volume of tax and customs preferences provided to residents of the SEZ amounted to 28 billion rubles.
Four effective SEZs
According to the Accounts Chamber, only four SEZs can be considered effective. The fourth effective SEZ, in addition to the three mentioned, is the Togliatti PPT in the Samara region. In them, the volume of investments made by residents exceeds the costs of the federal budget. At the same time, these regions initially had a favorable economic climate.
The rest of the SEZs are ineffective or do not carry out activities at all. The reason for this in the Accounts Chamber is considered improper execution of the Ministry of Economic Development, executive authorities of the regions and management companies assigned to them the authority to manage, create and develop the SEZ.
There are 26 SEZs of four types
In total, by 2017, 36 SEZs were created in Russia in 31 regions, but 10 of them were terminated ahead of schedule. For 2017, there are 26 SEZs of four types in Russia in 23 regions. Of these, 10 zones of industrial and production type (PPT), nine tourist and recreational and one port in Ulyanovsk.
Six more zones at this time belonged to the category of technical and implementation (TBT) and developed, among other things, IT. These are zones in Zelenograd, Dubna near Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tomsk and Innopolis (Republic of Tatarstan).
2010: Management of 17 special economic zones
For 2010, OJSC Special Economic Zones is a management company that operates 17 existing and newly created special economic zones of Russia. Of the 17 active zones, 3 specialize in the development of industrial production, 4 in technological innovations, 7 in the development of tourist and recreational business, 3 in the development of port, logistics and transport hubs.
Notes
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