Biorepositorium Biobank Genetic Data Banks Storing Biological Samples
Since its introduction, biobanks have become an extremely important tool in the field of medical research and diagnosis of deadly diseases. The ability to process data on genome sequences in individuals, their features and diseases has opened up incredible opportunities for the medical and pharmacological sectors of the economy
2024: Rosneft has created the largest genomic base in Russia
Rosneft has created the largest genome base in Russia. The press service of the company announced this on January 19, 2024. Read more here.
2023: Russia has created a national digital database of plant genetic resources
At the end of June 2023, it became known about the creation in Russia of a digital database of plant genetic resources. It was formed by specialists of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR) in partnership with five other institutes. Read more here.
2022: Establishment of the National Plant Genetic Resources Centre
Russia Vladimir Putin The President signed a decree on. education National Center for Plant Genetic Resources The corresponding document on the official portal of legal information was published on February 8, 2022. More. here
2021
A genomic sequencing center is being created in Russia
On November 17, 2021, the president Russia Vladimir Putin announced its creation Genetic Information Center at the base. All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after Vavilov More. here
China's army collects genetic data through BGI Group to create super soldiers
In July 2021, it became known that the Army China is collecting genetic data to create super soldiers. Government advisers USA have warned that the huge genomic data bank the company BGI Group collects and analyzes with the help artificial intelligence could give China a path to not only economic but also military advantage. More. here
2020
The Russian government is going to create a DNA base for all offenders
The State Duma will consider a bill implying the creation of a global DNA base in Russia. This became known on November 3, 2020.
The government proposes to include in it without fail the genomic data of absolutely all criminals (convicted and accused), passing in cases as suspects and even taken under administrative arrest. Read more here.
Putin creates a national database of genetic data of Russians
On May 14, 2020, the president Russia Vladimir Putin announced the need to create a National Genetic Information Base. The head of state instructed the government to organize financing of the project at the expense of the federal budget.
Main article: National Genetic Information Base
2019: Genome Expert and Bars Group create digital genetic data platform
On September 16, 2019, BARS Group announced that, together with Gene Expert, they began joint work on the Digital Genetic Data Platform. The corresponding agreement was signed by BARS Group CEO Timur Akhmerov and Gene Expert founder Alexei Martynov, president of the Association of Biomedical Cell Product Manufacturers. Read more here.
2018
Serial killer sought for 40 years caught thanks to DNA site
At the end of April 2018, a serial killer was detained, who had been on the wanted list for more than 40 years. The police were able to find the offender thanks to genealogical information in the public domain.
On April 25, 2018, authorities in the US state of California arrested a man suspected of committing 12 murders and at least 51 rapes. It turned out to be a former policeman of 72-year-old Joseph James de Angelo, who committed crimes in 1974 to mid-1986. The maniac has received several nicknames, including "golden state killer" and "rapist from the east."
Sacramento County Sheriff Scott Jones said the case was considered one of the most complex in the state. He noted that the police followed de Angelo for several days.
Sacramento prosecutor Anne Marie Schubert told reporters that it was possible to identify the suspect and detain him as a result of "new DNA technologies." DNA samples collected at crime scenes have been collated with genetic information stored on a public genealogy website that is commonly used by people to find relatives and ancestors, the Los Angeles Times reports.
The information obtained from the Internet made it possible to sharply narrow the search range. After studying several families indicated in the resource's databases, investigators identified 100 men who allegedly fit the description of the killer.
Initially, the authorities believed that we were talking about different attackers, but subsequently came to the conclusion that the same person was committing murders and rapes.
The police did not name the site that was used in the investigation. It is also not specified how DNA samples were compared with databases. Popular DNA sites Ancestry.com, 23andme and MyHeritage deny involvement in the investigation.[1]
In Dubai, create a DNA bank of residents
At the end of February 2018 health care , the Dubai Health Authority (DHA ) announced the creation of a DNA bank for residents of the city. Thanks to the information collected, it is planned to improve the diagnosis of diseases, especially related to genetic predisposition.
According to the Khaleej Times, citing the general director and chairman of the board of directors of DHA, Humaid Mohammed Al Qatami, DNA samples will be collected within two years, their sequences will be analyzed and results will be recorded in the biobank DNA of all residents of Dubai. By the end of 2016, the metropolis has about 3 million inhabitants.
In the second stage, they will begin to use machine learning and artificial intelligence to compile reports that will be used in research, predicting diseases of specific people and epidemics in the region.
The project will increase the effectiveness of DNA sequencing to detect changes in genes, chromosomes and proteins that can lead to genetic diseases. Through this, scientists will be able to prevent and eradicate chronic diseases and cancer, as well as reduce the cost of treating chronic diseases and even slow down the aging of the population.
The initiative will help to take preventive measures in time to avoid outbreaks of diseases. Finally, the creation of a DNA bank is aimed at preserving the gene pool of residents of the largest city in the UAE.
The launched project became part of the Dubai 10X program, which the Crown Prince of Dubai, Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Al Maktoum announced at the 6th World Government Summit held in February 2018 in Dubai. In total, he approved 26 projects.
To implement the genomic project, DHA has given appropriate assignments to its affiliated organizations, including the Department of Pathology and Genetics and the Cord Blood Research Center.[2]
2016: Project of biobanks of organs and tissues in Russia
At the end of 2016, it became known about the launch in Russia of a project of biobanks of organs and tissues. Details about this TASS News Agency of Russia told the co-head of the Biomedicine direction of the HealthNet program of the National Technological Initiative Andrei Lomonosov on the sidelines of the event on the presentation of the living equivalent of skin at the Institute of Developmental Biology. N.K. Koltsov RAS.
Lomonosov said that in 2017 a pilot project will start in Russia to create biobanks of organs and tissues, cell lines and biomedical products.
In 2018, the project is planned to be launched in five Russian regions, in 2021-2035 - in million-plus cities. One of the first in the biobank will be the living equivalent of skin developed by the Institute of Developmental Biology.
Scientists will grow keratinocyte cells that make up the skin and transplant them into affected areas of the patient's skin. Thanks to this, the skin will be restored.
According to the director of the Institute of Development Biology Andrei Vasiliev, the development of the product began back in the 1970s with the financial support of the military medical department of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Health.
 | The Development Biology Institute project falls under our priorities, including the creation of artificial organs and systems. We also see the commercial profitability of this project, which is associated with the task of creating a developed system of biobanks in Russia. For example, when such a bank appears in the Far East, the Chinese will be able to come there, who need skin restoration, - explained Andrei Lomonosov.[3] |  |
2015: Rapid development of genetic banks
There is a process of accumulating genetic information in the world: as of 2015, biobank data doubles in volume approximately every 7 months. Every year, DNA decryption laboratories receive several petabytes of sequenced data per year (1 terabyte contains about 1 trillion subunits of DNA).
In many countries, the creation of biological information banks translates into projects of a national scale, they become system-forming for world science.
The result of the development of genetic banks, interaction and exchange of information with each other will be:
- Identification of genes/mutations responsible for the occurrence of certain diseases
- New biomarkers and early diagnosis
- Targeted drug and treatment development.
- Breakthrough in bio-technology and agriculture
According to the World Alliance of Genomics and Health (GA4GH) in 2015, the results of DNA research are freely exchanged by more than 326 alliance members from 32 countries. Biotechnology researchers have launched several projects that have been able to bring the scientific community much closer to understanding the issues of deadly diseases, as well as improve existing standards of genetic data banks.
The top priority for studying human DNA is certainly projects affecting quality of life improvements and defeating deadly diseases. Of the world's largest initiatives, the following should be noted:
- The Three Million Genomes Project has been launched in China. The project will collect and decipher the genomes of one million people, the genome of one million bacteria necessary for the vital activity of the human body (microbiota), as well as the genome of a million plants and animals:
- In the United States, the government proposes to spend $215 million in 2016 on the development of so-called personal medicine, for the development of which it is planned to decrypt the DNA of one million volunteers. $130 million is planned to be invested in a project by the National Institute of Health to determine how volunteer genes, lifestyle and environment affect their health and $70 million to research cancer education.
- Germany has launched the GHC (German National Cohort) project, in which more than 100 thousand men and 100 thousand women every five years will undergo a voluntary questionnaire, donation of biomaterials and health information.
- There is a so-called UK Biobank in England, a non-profit independent organisation launched with the support of the private and public sector, collecting data from 500,000 people between 2006 and 2010. The main area of work in 2011-2016 is the creation of an online platform that will allow scientists to effectively work with the genetic data of citizens.
- About 200 biobanks have already been created in Holland, which cover the data of 900 thousand inhabitants, that is, 5% of the total population of the country. The next stage in the development of the program is to ensure interaction and exchange of data between existing banks.
Molecular diagnosis at the genetic level gives an answer to the question of whether the examined individuals or their descendants are included in the group of increased genetic risk. However, for the most accurate comparative indications, scientists and/or medical professionals require the largest possible base of DNA samples.
The creation and development of genetic data banks requires the coordinated work of a huge number of different specialists: doctors, biologists, programmers, IT specialists, geneticists. Another important challenge in the evolution of genetic data banks is to ensure that data is shared among all participants. Only in this way will genetic data banks be able to be one of the main drivers of the development of science, medicine and related disciplines such as bioinformatics. Thanks to international standardization, we are on the verge of the greatest (in terms of volume and significance) research of the human body, improving the quality of life of the world population and combating ailments such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases.
Russia still remains a white spot on the world map of genetic data banks. Such projects in our country are created only by individual scientists and small companies for specific and short-term needs. However, the creation of this kind of data banks is the step that is necessary for the formation of all medicine of the 21st century.
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