History of India

Main article: India

2020:3 skyscrapers built in Mumbai in a year

Cities of the world in which the largest number of skyscrapers were built in 2020 (200 meters high or higher)

2014: Narendra Modi becomes PM

Narendra Modi becomes India's prime minister.

1989

Circus. India, 1989

1981: First Indian Satellite

Transportation of the first Indian oxen satellite, French Guiana, 1981.

1980

Mother Teresa feeds a man in a shelter for the dying. India, 1980

1965: Conflict with Pakistan

Pakistani officers captured by Indian military after clashes in Kashmir, 1965

1960

N.S. Khrushchev and Jawaharlal Nehru. Delhi. India. 1960

1957: Visit of the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU N. Khrushchev and Marshal of the USSR G. Zhukov

Nikita Khrushchev in India. 1957

Georgy Zhukov rides an elephant during a visit to India in 1957.

1952

A woman starts a fire to boil sugar cane juice, India, 1952.

1950: India football team banned from playing barefoot at World Cup

In 1950, the Indian national football team withdrew from the World Cup after FIFA banned Indians from playing barefoot.

1948: Killing of Mahatma Gandhi

All property of Mahatma Gandhi after his death, 1948, India

People climbed on electric poles to see Mahatma Gandhi's funeral, 1948.

Seconds after the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948.

1948, Madras. The student tied his hair to a nail in the wall so as not to fall asleep.

1947: Declaration of independence from Britain

Muslim refugees leave India on their way to Pakistan, 1947

Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, 1947

1939: Britain declares India a belligerent in World War II

Main article: World War II

On 3 September 1939, India, without the consent of its political parties represented in the Central Legislative Assembly, was declared a belligerent by the British government. Immediately after that, the law "On the Defense of India" was introduced in the country, which provided for the creation of special tribunals for the consideration of cases related to "crimes against the country's defense." The law gave the authorities the right to ban rallies, disband any organizations and arrest people if their activities were recognized as dangerous to the defense of India.

1933

Rajah weighing ceremony with gold. India, 1933.

1931

Meeting of Mahatma Gandhi with members of the Italian fascist children's organization Opera Nazionale Balilla, Italy, December 15, 1931.

1930

India, 1930

1914

Maharaja Bikanera Ganga Singh with his son in 1914

1909

British India and native principalities (highlighted in yellow) in 1909

Map of Rajputana from 1909

1903

Inflated cow skins as watercraft. Indian Himalayas 1903.

Indian executioner, 1903

1897

21 Sikh Indians opposed 10,000 Afghans at the Battle of Zaragarhi on September 12, 1897. All of them died, but the casualties among Afghans exceeded 600 people.

1893: Durand Line - Border between British India and Afghanistan

The Durand Line is an artificially drawn Afghan-Pakistani border along which British India and Afghanistan were divided in 1893. With India gaining independence in 1947, Pakistan inherited the Durand Line. However, the Pashtuns refused to recognize the border drawn by the British.

1890

India, 1890

Cyclists' Club, Bombay, 1890

1888

English hunter with his trophies. India, 1880s.

1880

1880

1876

Officers and soldiers of the 3rd Gurkha Rifle Regiment. British India. 1875-1876.

1871

India, 1871

1857

Boat in the form of fish. India, 1857.

1855

The earliest known photo of the Taj Mah

Circa 1855.]]

1778: Failed attempt by East India Company to secure weaving mill workers

In 1778, the East India Company faced a problem. With her weaving factory in Arcot, in South India, workers fled. The British tried to force them to work hard, as they did in factories in England, but the then Hindus were not ready for such a regime.

Then the company turned to Nawab Arcot with a request to assist them in catching the workers. From the point of view of English law, the request was quite reasonable. Since the time of Elizabeth, English workers could not leave the employer without working for him for at least a year. Moreover, for employment in a new place, a certificate from a past employer was required. In short, English workers were tightly attached to the employer - naturally, the East India Company wanted to implement the same practices in India as well. But the Nawab responded with an outraged refusal - saying the request was against the country's customs and nothing like this had ever been done here.

1502: Incorporating part of the coast into Portuguese India

1335: Delhi Sultanate Controls Maximum Territory

Maximum territory under the control of the Delhi Sultanate in 1330-1335

1250

Delhi Sultanate during the Mamluk Dynasty. Map at the time of about 1250g

1206: Division of the Gurid Sultanate into several parts after the death of Muhammad Guri

In 1206, Muhammad Guri died, and his sultanate was divided into many parts, one of which went to Qutb al-Din Aibak. Qutb, after a brief power scramble, declared himself ruler of Afghanistan and North India (including present-day Pakistan).

800: Three-way battle for North India between Gurjara-Pratihar, Pala and Rashtrakuta empires

430: Around 1,000 Roma leave India and begin settling around the world

Genetic studies have established that gypsies left India in a small, genetically homogeneous group, presumably numbering about 1000 people (Haplogroup H). There is a Persian legend (recorded by Firdowsi) that gypsies came to Iran from India under Bahram Gur (ruled in 420-440), who was conquered by their musical art.

100 g: Satavakhanov State

185 BC: The Sunset of the Mauryan Empire

The Mauryan Empire is a vast state in ancient India, the period of the Iron Age (322-187 BC). e.), was founded by Chandragupta Maurya, with its capital in Pataliputra (modern Patna). The empire was the largest political entity that existed on the Indian peninsula and covered an area of ​ ​ more than 5 million square kilometers during the period of the highest power under Ashok.

200 g BC.

550 BC: Mahajanapads

Mahajanapadas (translated from Sanskrit: "great countries") - in Buddhist sources this is the name of the countries in the north, northeast of Hindustan.

The concept of Mahajanapad came from Janapad - the so-called tribal territories from 600 BC. e., which later united in unions. Buddhist sources identify 16 mahajanapads - countries that existed before the birth of the Buddha.

Buddhist sources identify 16 mahajanapads - countries that existed before the birth of the Buddha. Anguttara-nikaya gives the following list:

• Kashi
• Koshala
• Anga
• Magadha
• Wadji (Vriji)
• Mull
• Smoke
• Watsa (Vamsa)
• Chicken
• Panchala
• Machchha (Matsya)
• Shurasena
• Assaka (Ashmaka)
• Avanti
• Gandhara
• Cambodia

Chulla-Nirdesha also adds the state of Kaling.

1200 BC: The Megaliths

V.A. Trifonov, 2001

1400 BC: Migration of Aryan tribes to Northwest India

Aryan tribes appeared in Northwest India in the middle or late 2nd millennium BC. Having occupied the territory of the Five Rivers - modern Punjab (more precisely, East Punjab), they then gradually (spread to the east, pushing back or subjugating the local population to their power, and also partly assimilating with it.

During their migration to India, which lasted several centuries in successive waves, the Aryan tribes were at the stage of decomposition of the clan system; this era was reflected in the Rigveda.

Our information about the historical situation in which the Rigveda was created is very uncertain and incomplete; this monument itself is the main and almost the only source of them. It does not contain such data for which we could date it with confidence. The oldest hymns of the Rigveda are believed to date back to the middle of the second millennium B.C.E. or to an even more distant era. But in its final form, the Rigveda developed as a whole, probably in the X-IX centuries. BC. e.

2600-1900 BC: Civilization of the Indus River Valley

1.5 million hp: Early ashel in the parking lot of Attirampakkam

Attirampakkam site, South India (about 1.5 million hp). Archaeological material of the early Achelles (3528 items), 95% of the inventory are ordinary products of cleavage of nuclei with few chips from the design of bifas.

50 million hp: The clash between India and Laurasia forms the Himalayas

Main article: The history of the Earth before the appearance of hominids

The movement of the continents breakaway from Gondwana and their collision with parts of Laurasia led to active mountain formation. Africa's pressure on Europe resulted in the Alps, and the clash between Hindustan and Laurasia (50 Ma) created the Himalayas.

70 million hp: An oceanic bottom has formed between Hindustan and Madagascar

The first oceanic bottom formed between Madagascar and India about 70 million years ago

90 million hp the separation of Hindustan and Madagascar

90 million years ago there was a separation of Hindustan and Madagascar.

125 million hp: East Gondwana split into Indigaskar and Australo-Antarctica

125 million years ago, East Gondwana split into Indigaskar and Australo-Antarctica, between which the Indian Ocean began to form.

183 million hp: The beginning of the collapse of Gondwana in the southern hemisphere

183 million years ago (Mesozoic) Gondwana began to break up into two parts: western (, Africa Arabia and) South America and eastern (,, and Australia Antarctica Madagascar Hindustan), the border of which became the Mozambique Strait after 25 million years.