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Main article: Africa
Geography
The fourth largest island in the world
France seeks to keep control of deserted islands
A chain of uninhabited islets (Glorieuse, Juan di Nova, Basas de India, Europe) off the Malagasy coast has strategic importance for the French. Each of them gives France 370km of territorial waters, and in total they allow the French authorities to manage half of the Mozambique Strait, which is one of the key "necks" of world trade.
In April 2025, French President Macron visited Madagascar and apologized for the colonial past. But he did not want to give this strategic asset under the control of the Malagasy.
Against the background of the recent decision of the International Court of Justice to transfer the Chagos archipelago under the formal sovereignty of Mauritius, while maintaining the military presence of Britain, Macron proposed a similar formula: to leave control over the islands to himself, but formally share governance with Madagascar.
Madagascar rejected the proposal from Paris, insisting on the full reintegration of the islands. President Andri Radzuelina stressed that returning Eparce would be a "historic act of restoring justice" and a matter of national pride.
In addition to the Malagasy leadership, other island states claim the French islands. So, Mayotte is disputed by the authorities of the Comoros, and the rights to Tromlen are declared in Mauritius.
Tropical rain forests
Population
Main article: Population of Africa
Population
2022:29 million people
Migration
2021: Net outflow over 4 years
Mortality
2022: Life expectancy - 65.2 years
2018: High number of road deaths
2016: Very low opioid deaths
Hunger
President
2025: Military backs protesters and topples President Andry Radzuelin, who left the country
In October 2025, protesters in Madagascar were successful. Andri Radzuelina is no longer the president, but his close associates are gradually leaving their posts.
The president was removed by the elite military unit CAPSAT, which brought him to power in 2009. The likely new leader of the country will be Major General Demosthenes Pikulas.
Madagascar's army faction said it took control of the country after lawmakers voted to impeach President Andry Radzuelina.
"We took power into our own hands, all institutions in the republic are dissolved," said Colonel Michael Randrianirina.
Earlier, Radzuelina tried to prevent an impeachment vote by dissolving parliament.
Andri Radzuelina went to Dubai. Probably the next place of his stay will be France, of which he is a citizen.
Richard Ravalumanana was removed from the post of chairman of the Senate, who was accused of working closely with the ousted president.
2023: French citizen Andri Nirina Radzuelina re-elected as head of state
In the 2023 elections, Andri Nirina Radzuelina was successfully re-elected to the post of head of state, despite many scandals. The results finally cemented the course of the pro-French government.
Foreign policy
2023: Refusal to condemn Russia in Ukraine conflict
2022: Dismissal of the Foreign Minister for voting against Russia at the UN
The head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Madagascar was fired in October 2022 for supporting the UN condemnation of the "annexation of the territory of Ukraine" by Russia. Writes about this Reuters.
Foreign Minister Randriamandrat did not consult with the government of Madagascar on voting in the UN General Assembly, for which he was dismissed by the president.
President Henri Radzuelina said that the country traditionally adheres to neutrality, so Randriamandrat had to abstain during the vote.
Armed Forces
2018: Military spending - $73.3 million
Economy
GDP
2023: GDP per capita - $529.22
Power
2019: Electrification
2020: Very low energy consumption per capita
and
Mining
2024: Intensifying US-China standoff over access to graphite
In East Africa, large deposits of graphite are important for the transition to alternative eneogetics.
Dependence on China in this matter is extremely unprofitable for both the US government and their companies. Against this background, the Peterson Institute for World Economy (PIIE) in July 2024 released a report on this particular area and alternative routes for the supply of the mineral.
American analysts note the importance of cooperation with graphite-rich countries - Madagascar, Mozambique and. Tanzania As arguments in favor of cooperation with these states, they cite data from opinion polls, according to which most of their population considers the influence of the United States positive.
2022: The world's third largest producer of graphite
2021: Madagascar's share of global rare earth mineral production - 1.1%
Foreign trade
2023:59% of wheat supplies come from Russia and Ukraine
2022: US is the biggest export destination
Catering
2019: First KFC opens in Madagascar
The preparation of the Kentucky Fried Chicken fast food restaurant lasted 5 years.
The event is so important for the country that even President Andri Radzuelina came to taste the juicy hen.
True, the reaction of users in social networks was not long in coming. They write that the prices are incredible: €22 is a bucket of chicken legs, which costs €14.90 in France.
Tourism
2019: More than 15% of GDP comes from tourism
R&D
2020: R&D costs - $5M
Madagascar IT Market
2022: More than 5 startups
Transport
2025: Rail gauge - 1000mm
Agriculture
2019: Low use of pesticides in agriculture
Consumption
2023: Fish consumption is higher than meat consumption
2019: High rice consumption: 148.8 kg per person per year
2018
Vegetable consumption - 17 kg per capita
Minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages
Education
2020: Antananarivo University is the oldest functioning educational institution in the country, founded in 1961
2019: Percentage of people who can read
Health care
2022: Abortion ban in place
2021: Maternity leave
in
2020
Duration of guaranteed paid sick leave 6 months or more
Part of the population defecates on the street
2016: Lack of overweight problem in the population
Ecology
2024: Madagascar residents sue Rio Tinto over lead and uranium poisoning of water
In April 2024, Madagascar residents sue Rio Tinto alleging that the company's mine contaminated nearby lakes and rivers with lead and uranium.
64 residents of the Anosi region accuse the mine, which is majority owned by Rio Tinto, of polluting lakes and waterways, affecting up to 15,000 people who use these water sources for drinking and domestic use. They say the contamination caused high levels of lead in their blood that they needed medical attention.
Rio Tinto denies the allegations and says its water management systems are safe.
Daily life
Growing sea cucumbers
The cultivation of sea cucumbers is the main occupation of the inhabitants of the village of Tampolove in Madagascar.
Goloturia or the so-called sea cucumbers are a well-known delicacy and therefore the demand for them is always high, which provides local residents with regular work.
Water extraction in drought
Residents of Madagascar during the drought collect water in the trunk of the baobab. There are only 8 species of such trees in the world, 6 of them on the island.
Crime
Prisons
2019: The minimum age for children to be jailed is 12
2018: Number of prisoners per 100 thousand citizens
History
2019: Pope's Visit
September 8, 2019 Pope Francis celebrated Mass in Madagascar. The Vatican estimates that about a million people attended the event - one of the largest gatherings in the country's history.
People gathered strongly in advance, despite windy weather and rising dust.
1914
1897: The treacherous murder of King Toer by the French and sending his head to France
On the night of August 29-30, 1897, French colonial units attacked Ambiki, the capital of the Sakalavian Menabe. According to evidence, the king of Toera agreed to lay down his arms, but was still killed; his heads and associates became trophies and years later ended up in Paris meetings.
Estimates of the number of victims range from a few hundred to several thousand. This genocide actually ended the history of the Menabe kingdom.
In August 2025, the French authorities officially handed over three Sakalava skulls to Madagascar - among them the alleged remains of King Toera. This is the first practical implementation of the French law of December 2023 on the restitution of human remains from public collections. France is trying to maintain a presence in the region.
70 million hp: An oceanic bottom has formed between India and Madagascar
90 million hp the separation of Hindustan and Madagascar
90 million years ago there was a separation of Hindustan and Madagascar.
Sport
2022: The most popular sport is football
in
Calendar
Fauna
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