Population
2023: Global population growth of 66 million
At the end of 2023, the population growth of the Earth amounted to approximately 66 million people, and the total number of people on the planet reached 8.074 billion. That's more than ever, but growth is slowing. Such data at the end of December 2023 was published by the German Foundation "Population of the Earth" (DSW).
According to DSW statistics, by the end of 2023, 8 073 859 407 people lived on Earth. At the same time, 2.1 people are born every second. The Earth's population grew fastest between 1965 and 1970, but since then, according to the UN, relative growth rates have almost halved. According to experts, this is due to the fact that women on average give birth to fewer children. In Africa, the situation is different: according to DSW, by 2080, approximately 2.5 billion people will live there - twice as many as by the end of 2023.
An important indicator of the growth of the world population is the birth rate: this value is decreasing in many regions. DSW estimates there are an average of 2.3 children per woman in the world as of the end of 2023. That means the average number of children per woman has more than halved since the 1960s. The lowest birth rates are seen in Europe (1.5 children per woman) and North America (1.6 children per woman). In Africa, the average number of children per woman is the highest - 4.3, but here, too, in the mid-1960s, the value was higher - 6.7. Among the leaders in terms of fertility are Niger (6.7 children per woman), Somalia (6.3) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (6.2).
The UN estimates that in more than half of all countries and regions in the world, the average number of live births per woman is less than 2.1 - the level needed to maintain a steady population for a long time without migration. At the same time, almost a fifth of all countries and regions have an "ultra-low" birth rate - less than 1.4 live births per woman during life.[1]
2022
Distribution of population by country
The population of the Earth has reached 8 billion people
A virtual online counter based on UN data, Countrymetrics.info in mid-August 2022 reported that the world's population had reached 8 billion people. At the same time, there are more men - 50.5%.
The site contains a list of the 20 most densely populated countries in the world, which are home to approximately 5.6 billion people, or 70% of the world's population. A third of all humanity lives in China (18.18%) and India (17.72%). Russia ranked ninth on the list with 1.82%.
India introduced national family planning programs in 1952. While these programs may seem less successful in reducing fertility compared to China's one-child policy, the South Asian country now has a population of different ages, while China disproportionately has older people.
According to local censuses of the population of India, in 2011 the population of the country numbered 1.21 billion people. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has postponed the census to 2021.
2019
7.67 billion people
The population of the planet at the beginning of 2019 ~ 7 678 174 656 people.
1. China - 1.398 billion people
2. India - 1.373 billion
3. USA - 331 million
4. Indonesia - 269 million
5. Brazil - 214 million
6. Pakistan - 205m
7. Nigeria - 202 million
8. Bangladesh - 169m
9. Russia - 145 million
10. Mexico - 133 million
How the largest by population of the country since 1800 changed places
2017: Countries with the largest population
Population growth
2022: UN: Earth's population to quickly grow to 10 billion
Since the 1960s, when the number of people in the world for the first time reached 3 billion people, it took a little more than a decade to reach each new billion-dollar milestone. It is expected that the mark of 9, and then 10 billion people will be reached faster and faster. These are the latest UN and US Census Bureau demographic projections.
India is expected to outpace China as the world's most populous country by 2023, in part due to China's aging population and birth control.
In the near term, 61 countries are expected to fall by 1% or more between now and 2050, with the rest of the world either unchanged or rising (UN forecast released in August 2022).
However, the population increase is extremely uneven: only 8 countries provide over 50% of the world population growth until 2050 - the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines and Tanzania.
Longer-term UN projections suggest that at the end of the century, more countries are expected to peak population growth and then decline.
 | Rapid population growth complicates the elimination of poverty, overcoming hunger and malnutrition, the spread of health and education, "said Liu Zhenmin, UN Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs. On the contrary, the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those related to health, education and gender equality, will help reduce the birth rate and slow down global population growth.[2] |  |
2021
2020: Population growth in Western Europe and sharp decline in Eastern Europe in 30 years
2019: The leading countries in terms of population growth are in Africa and the Middle East
2018
Population growth rates by continent
How the Earth's population grew for 200 thousand years
The American Museum of Natural History in 2018 posted a six-minute video in which it showed how the Earth's population has grown over the past 200 thousand years - from the moment Homo sapiens appeared to the present day.
From the data presented, it follows that the mark of one billion people was reached only at the turn of the 19th century; since then, this figure has increased sevenfold and will continue to grow in the future: the schedule includes a forecast of population growth until 2100. Scientists suggest that by this time, about 11 billion people will live on Earth.
Distribution of populations by longitude and latitude
Most people in latitude live in the equatorial and subequatorial zone.
Relative to longitude, the largest number of people live between 60 and 120 degrees east longitude.
Migration
Main article: Migration in the world
Mean age
- In 1950, half of the world's population was under 23 years old, by 2020 the median age increased to 31 years, in another two decades it will reach 36 years. In the second half of this century, 50% of people in the world will be over 40 years old, and by the end of the century in every fifth country the median age of residents will exceed 50 years
- In Russia, in 2020, the median age is almost 40 years, and by 2040 half of Russians will be over 44 years old. This is slightly lower than in Europe - the region with the fastest aging population (median - 42.5 years in 2020, will increase to 47 years by the middle of the century[3] is [4]
The oldest continent is Europe (42 years old), the youngest is Africa (18).
Top 5 "oldest" countries by age of population:
1. Monaco - 53.1
2. Japan - 47.3
3. Germany - 47.1
4. Italy - 45.5
5. Slovenia - 44.5
- Ukraine - 40.6,
- Belarus - 40.0,
- Russia - 39.6,
- Kazakhstan - 30.6.
Level of urbanization
Male-to-female ratio
Life expectancy
2021: Life expectancy in the world has increased by 6.2 years since 1990
Between 1990 and 2021, life expectancy in the world increased by 6.2 years. This is due to a reduction in deaths from lower respiratory tract infections, stroke, coronary heart disease and some other diseases, as stated in the study, the results of which were released on April 3, 2024.
It is noted that changes in life expectancy differ significantly depending on the region. The so-called super region, which includes Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania, recorded the largest increase in life expectancy between 1990 and 2021 - plus 8.3 years. This is mainly achieved by reducing mortality caused by chronic respiratory diseases, stroke and malignancies. South Asia, in terms of increasing life expectancy during the period under review, was in second place with an increase of 7.8 years - primarily due to a sharp decrease in mortality from diarrheal diseases.
Between
On the other hand, according to a report published by The Lancet, the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on life expectancy on a global scale. The strongest effects are seen in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as in sub-Saharan Africa.
At a narrower regional level, the largest increase in life expectancy was recorded in the countries of East Africa sub-Saharan Africa, where between 1990 and 2021 the increase was 10.7 years. This was largely facilitated by the fight against diarrheal diseases. In addition, a significant increase in life expectancy was noted in East Asia, where mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease decreased.[5]
2018
At the end of 2018, the highest average life expectancy of the population in Japan is 84.2 years.
Researchers call the Japanese the healthiest people on the planet. The country is also famous for the number of centenarians (people over 100 years old) per capita: 34.85 per 100,000. The largest number of centenarians live on the island of Okinawa, where they eat a lot of algae.
The top three in terms of life expectancy also included Switzerland (83.3 years) and Spain (83.1 years). Russia ranks 103rd with an average life expectancy of 72 years.
Marriages and divorces
2023: In which countries spouses are most often divorced. Russia in 4th place
The leader in the number of divorces of spouses on a global scale is Portugal, where the share of dissolution of marriages reaches 94% of the total number of their conclusion. This is stated in the study, the results of which were published at the end of April 2024.
In second place in the list is listed Spain with an indicator of 85%, and closes the top three Luxembourg with 79%. On the fourth line is Russia with a divorce rate of about 73%. This is followed Ukraine by 70%. The top ten also included Finland Cuba (55%), (55%), (53%), Belgium France (51%) and (50%). Sweden
According to Rosstat data, during 2023 Russia , about 946 thousand marriages and 683.6 thousand divorces were registered in. For comparison: a year earlier, these values were 1.05 million and 682.9 thousand, respectively. Thus, on an annualized basis, the number of marriages in the Russian Federation decreased by 107.9 thousand, while the number of divorces, on the contrary, increased by 0.7 thousand. In 2023, there were 6.5 marriages and 4.7 divorces per 1000 people of the population in Russia. A year earlier, the indicators were 7.2 and 4.7, respectively.
Olga Lebedinskaya, Associate Professor of the Department of Statistics of the PRUE named after G.V. Plekhanova, notes that the motives for divorce vary significantly depending on nationality, level of education and age. According to her, in Russia there is a tendency to reduce the value of the family as a factor in the well-being of married life. The average length of a dissolved marriage is 9.3 years. The main causes of divorce are adultery, incompatibility of characters and financial difficulties. In addition, according to demographers, the high share of divorces in Russia is partly due to the early age of marriage - this makes relationships less stable and susceptible to external influences.[6]
Hunger and access to water
2024: The Earth's 4.4 billion people are deprived of permanent access to water. This is twice as much as in 2020
In mid-August 2024, an article by researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Water Sciences and Technology was published in the journal Science, according to which about 4.4 billion Earth residents, that is, more than half of the world's population, are deprived of permanent access to clean water, which is double the 2020 data. The author of the article and water researcher Esther Greenwood considers this situation "unacceptable." Read more here
2022: Global hunger reduction at the expense of Asia and growth in Africa
Literacy
Salaries in the world
Main article: Salaries in the world
Skin color
Haircut on the body of men
The structure of the population according to different political regimes
In 1816, only 1% of the world's population lived in countries democratic by modern standards, the rest for the most part autocratic (all monarchies are here) or in colonies.
And even by the end of World War II, fewer 10% of the population lived under democracies. But then the picture began to change dramatically: the colonies disappeared, many autocracies became democracies or anocracies (they also belong to it Russia in 2015), and the largest autocracy on the planet remained. China
Social inequality
2020:64% of urban populations in poor countries live in slums
According to the World Bank, 64% of urban residents in poor countries and 44% in middle-low-income countries live in slums. The good news is that these figures have decreased over the past 20 years (by 16 and 9 p.p., respectively), bad - in some countries they continue to grow stubbornly.
2017: Giant gap in length of education between rich and poor countries
Mortality in the world
Main article: Mortality in the world
Population of countries and continents
Population of Russia
Main article: Population of Russia
Population of Belarus
Main article: Population of Belarus
Population of Uzbekistan
Main article: Population of Uzbekistan
Population of Ukraine
Main article: Population of Ukraine
Population of Moldova
Main article: Population of Moldova
Population of Africa
Main article: Population of Africa
Population of India
Main article: Population of India
Population of China
Main article: Population of China
Population of the Middle East
European population
- Population of Albania
- Population of Belgium
- Population of Bulgaria
- Population of Hungary
- Population of Germany
- Population of Greece
- Population of Denmark
- Population of Italy
- Population of Spain
- Population of Latvia
- Population of Lithuania
- Population of the Netherlands
- Population of Norway
- Population of Poland
- Population of Portugal
- Population of Romania
- Population of Serbia
- Population of Slovakia
- Population of France
- Population of Switzerland
- Population of Sweden
- Estonian population
- Population of Finland
United States population
Main article: US population
Diasporas
Notes
- ↑ 66 Millionen neue Erdenbürger
- ↑ World population to reach 8 billion by November even as growth slows
- ↑ [https://econs.online/articles/details/mir-vzrosleet-starost-otstupaet/ ) "The world is growing up, old age
- ↑ retreating "//Econs, 14.02.2020]
- ↑ Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- ↑ Socio-economic situation of Russia. 2024
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