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The main articles are:
Population
2022:218 million people
2017: 2.6% of the world's population
Migration
2021: Net outflow over 4 years
People
Tuaregs
Main article: Tuaregi
Nomads pastoralists Fulbe (Fulani)
Main article: Fulbe (Fulani)
Approximately 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, who since the country's independence in 1961 feel economically and politically marginalized compared to Christians from central and southern Nigeria.
One of the most radical groups is the nomadic Fulani people living in the territories of several countries, mainly in West Africa. Read more here
2020: Conflict between Fulbe and Hausa farmers
Crisis Group researchers in May 2020 drew attention to the major geopolitical catastrophe of West Africa - an undeclared war of fulbe pastoralists and house farmers, which swept throughout northwestern Nigeria.
Two different ways of life, existing for centuries in a difficult symbiosis, were divorced forever - due to competition for scarce resources and the widespread offensive of the desert. Both communities attract bandits, weapons flow into the region. Kidnappings, robberies, raids, and cattle thefts became common. Similar collisions cracked throughout West and Central Africa: the "social contract" of Fulbe broke up with bambara (in Mali), with mosi and gourma (in Burkina Faso).
The people of the Fulbe people are hostages to their history and the unique code of conduct of pulaaku, reminiscent of the Bedouin hasham. At its heart is modesty, patience and courage. Many Fulbe consider themselves strangers on African soil and the "lost tribe of Israel" - the descendants of Ham, who left the deserts of Libya and Egypt. This is also hinted at by the light skin color, which is related to the Ethiopian race. Colonizers also had a hand in this legend: amazed by the splendor of the now declining Fulbe powers, they nicknamed the people of theologians, warriors and merchants "almost white" (presque blancs). And the Talmuds of the German erudites proved the "Hamite" origin of Fulbe and their lack of something in common with the "real Africans."
The curse of "too white," "too developed" and "too close to the colonizers" overtook the Fulbe with a parade of sovereignty in 1960. "The Year of Africa" became something like the Versailles world for Fulbe. The new authorities of young countries pushed them to the margins of socio-political life, and the advancing desert condemned them to an exodus from environmental niches. The skills of nomadic life threw some in the "pursuit of the clouds," that is, behind the much-desired rains and juicy pastures, others - into the arms of overseas commerce, others - in the network of no less cosmopolitan radical Islam.
In Guinean Laba - the capital of the ancient Fulba empire of Futa Jallon - young Wahhabis Fulba are already challenging the religious establishment. And in less prosperous countries, banditry and jihadism that do not exclude each other eat away at the social fabric of fulbe stronger than the advancing sands. On the heels of bandits in the northern states of Nigeria, al-Qaeda agents, united in the Ansaru group, make their way to the fulba. And Amadou Kufa - the leader of the Malian Masina Liberation Front, named after the Fulbe empire of the same name - is listed among the world's most wanted terrorists. The famous "triangle of death" on the border of the CAR, Cameroon and Chad has long been known as Zarginaland - after the name of robbery gangs, many of which belong to the Fulbe Bororo.
Culture and language are all that Fulbe have, forced to live and survive in an unfriendly environment. It is the fabric that binds generations, clans and families scattered through the light. As noted by the telegram channel Zangaro Today, it is no coincidence that a special caste of griot storytellers - carriers of a rich poetic fund, saturated with stories about the heroes of the pre-Islamic past - is called the Malian fulbe maabube, or wool squads. The connection is so strong and intimate that in ancient mosques Kano Fulfulde supplanted Arabic as the sacred language, and the prestige of a highly educated people provided Fulfulde with the high status of the language of international communication - it was his USSR that deliberately chose the language of broadcasting in West Africa.
Shepherd's life, and with it - cosmology and ethos, dating back to the pre-Islamic past, will soon be lost forever. But Fulbe - businessmen, politicians, intellectuals, military and religious leaders - are making their way to modernity and still holding on tightly to each other. The "friend or foe" system in their environment still works flawlessly even between a former shepherd and a European engineer.
Marriages
Allowed to have more than one spouse
Hunger
No overweight problem
Housing conditions
2020:49% of urban population lives in slums
2019: Housing crisis amid rapid population growth
According to UN figures for September 2019, the country is facing a housing crisis. Conditions for living in Nigeria are among the worst in the world.
Two-thirds of Nigerians live in poor settlements, where there is no water supply, sewerage, electricity and other amenities. Unsanitary conditions are everywhere.
According to experts, by the middle of the century, the population of Nigeria will double, which is 400 million people. Already, the West African country lacks more than 22 million homes for its citizens.
Existing housing programs cannot make a difference, and some make it worse. Developers evict entire communities using force.
Mortality
2022: Life expectancy - 53.6 years
2019: World's third highest number of deaths from bad ecology
2018: Number of road deaths
2016: Number of deaths from opioid use disorders
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