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Life expectancy at birth shows how many on average years a person will live if the mortality rate that is observed among the population in a given calendar year remains in each year of his life.
Healthy life expectancy is the average number of years a person can expect to live in full health, that is, without any illness or injury resulting in disability.
2024: Ministry of Health: Men in Russia live 10 years less women. Reasons
Men in Russia live on average 10 years fewer women. This was announced at the end of April 2024 by the head of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Mikhail Murashko. According to him, the lower life expectancy of the male part of the country's population compared to the female is associated with the abuse of alcohol and smoking by men, a high incidence among them, as well as a lower commitment to taking care of their health.
The Minister of Health of Russia also noted that the problems of infertility in marriage are 50% associated with male factors, which affects the demographic situation in Russia as a whole. As Murashko emphasized, one of the main goals of the state at the national level is the preservation of the population, health and well-being of people, so great attention is also paid to male health issues.
 | Today, the program of state guarantees includes measures for screening male and female health as part of medical examination for certain age groups of the adult population. This is an important measure that will allow earlier to identify diseases and treat them, thereby preserving reproductive function, "the minister added in his greeting to the participants and guests of the XX Congress" Male Health "at the end of April 2024 (quoted by TASS). |  |
According to the head physician of the Vinogradov Hospital Olga Sharapova, the average life expectancy of men in Russia is much less than that of women, including due to the peculiarities of fat accumulation: in men, it stores around the organs, turning into visceral fat, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
| | All over the world, women live longer than men. Among the possible causes, both biological and behavioral differences stand out, says Sharapova. - Statistics show that men on average are more prone to careless behavior: they are more likely to get into accidents due to dangerous driving, abuse alcohol and tobacco more, and resolve conflict with other men using force.[1] | |
2023
Life expectancy in Russia updated the historical maximum - 73.46 years
Life expectancy in Russia in 2023 reached 73.46 years. This indicator was announced by the head of the Ministry of Health of the RFMikhail Murashko at the end of February 2024 during the Forum of National Achievements.
According to the minister, life expectancy in Russia has risen to a new record. In September 2023, Mikhail Murashko said that life expectancy in three regions of Russia is more than 78 years: in Ingushetia, Dagestan and Moscow.
As Murashko noted, in order to increase life expectancy, it is necessary to modernize the infrastructure, develop rural health care, provide assistance to children, adults and the elderly, prevent diseases, and introduce the population to a healthy lifestyle.
| | All this is already being implemented in our country - within the framework of state programs and the national project "Health," - said the head of the Ministry of Health. | |
He also drew attention to the fact that, in addition to quality medical care, the desire of people themselves for a healthy lifestyle plays a decisive role. It is important to create conditions for a healthy lifestyle, motivation for healthy behavior and improving the literacy of the population in health issues, Murashko emphasized.
According to Mikhail Murashko, the life expectancy of Russian women is about six years higher than that of men. The gap in mortality rates among men and women increases significantly by the age of 30, he notes.
Acting Chairman of the Accounts Chamber Galina Izotova at the end of February 2024 stated that Russia returned to the level of life expectancy, which was before the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The improvement of this indicator is influenced by a healthy lifestyle and high-quality medical care, she noted.
On April 3, 2024, the head of the Cabinet of Ministers, Mikhail Mishustin, during his speech in the State Duma with a report on the work of the government, said that life expectancy in Russia in 2023 reached a record 73.5 years, which is higher than the indicators that were before the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic
According to the Prime Minister, such life expectancy has never been recorded in the USSR and modern Russia. The Prime Minister stressed that an increase in the duration of an active and healthy life is needed, and for this it is necessary to develop high-quality and affordable medicine. Mishustin added that the government pays special attention to citizens who cannot take care of themselves on their own.
| | On behalf of the president, we are creating a "sanitary shield of the country," a special program to act proactively and promptly respond to changes in the epidemiological situation, the head of government said. | |
As RBC explains, life expectancy at birth is a generalizing indicator estimating the number of years that on average would have to live for those born in a certain year if, throughout the life of this generation, the mortality rate at each age remained the same as in the year for which the indicator was calculated.
In early April 2024, life expectancy indicators for some regions were released. So, in the Krasnodar Territory at the end of 2023, it amounted to 73.7 years, in Bashkortostan - 73.2 years.
At the end of 2023, Russian President Vladimir Putin said that the development of medicine in the country is one of the country's state priorities. At the same time, the head of state cited data according to which the total life expectancy in Russia increased to 74 years.[2]
Average life expectancy in Moscow for 10 years increased by 4 years to 78.4 years
The average life expectancy over the past 10 years in Moscow has grown by 4 years and reached 78.4 years. The capital's mayor Sergei Sobyanin said this during a plenary meeting of the second National Congress with international participation "National Health - 2023" in early December 2023.
According to the mayor, such an increase in average life expectancy is a good indicator. Infant mortality, as Sobyanin said, has decreased by almost 2.5 times in 10 years. According to the mayor of Moscow, the mortality rate of the working-age population in Moscow in recent years has also decreased by almost a quarter. Sobyanin also added that by the end of 2023, hundreds of thousands of people over 80 live in the capital and a significant part of them are doing well.
The Moscow authorities are taking various measures to increase the average life expectancy of the population. So, in the capital there is a program "Moscow longevity," which gives citizens of the older generation opportunities for a variety of active leisure.
The fact that Russians want to live up to 87 years and longer is evidenced by a survey by SberNPF, which was published in early 2023. Muscovites plan to live the longest: their benchmark is 91.3 years, Tomsk residents are in second place (90.2 years), and Makhachkala residents are in third (90.1 years). The study suggests that men want to live longer than women.
In August 2023, the head of the Moscow Department of Health Alexei Khripun said that the average life expectancy of Moscow residents is 78.2 years. According to him, thus the residents of the capital took the third place in life expectancy among residents of all regions of Russia. Life expectancy for Russians at that time was measured at 73.31 years.[3]
Ministry of Health: In Russia, 52% of men do not live to 65 years
Director of the Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology named after N. A. Lopatkin, chief specialist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for reproductive health Oleg Apolikhin said that in Russia 52% of men do not live up to 65 years old, and 81% of men die a sudden death.
As the specialist noted, only 48%, that is, the minority, crosses the 65-year-old barrier, and the "fatal debut" for most of the male population of Russia occurs between the ages of 40 and 60, since the majority of men in the country die at this age.
According to Apolikhin, 81% of men die sudden deaths, and he also clarified that 74% in this group are men who died in the workplace. The specialist named cardiovascular and oncological diseases as the main cause of death among the male population of Russia.
| | When we examined men, we saw now that almost all men between 40 and 65 years old, 67 years old have a so-called "fatty" liver... When we began to deal with endocrinologists, with people involved in nutrition, we saw that it turns out to be not alcohol... and chronic stress... If a person accumulates this stress in himself and wears it for a long time, for men it is fatal, - said the chief specialist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for reproductive health. | |
According to the expert, to prevent mortality, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle and eat right, and not hope for treatment after diagnosis.
| | For men, physical activity is very important. Anaerobic stress for men is a fundamental type of stress relief, "he said. | |
Ekaterina Demyanovskaya, Candidate of Medical Sciences, expert doctor at the Hemotest laboratory, confirmed in a conversation with Izvestia that timely diagnosis and physical activity will help prevent the development of heart disease in men. In addition, she clarified that in modern laboratories it is possible to pass a genetic analysis for a predisposition to the development of cardiovascular diseases.[4]
2022
Rising life expectancy to 72.6 years
Life expectancy in Russia increased in 2022 to 72.6 years. This was announced on February 13, 2023 by Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova following a meeting on the implementation of the national project "Healthcare." Life expectancy in 2021 was 70.6 years, reminds Kommersant.
Golikova made a special emphasis on the need to increase life expectancy and reduce mortality. The governors were instructed to personally monitor the implementation of the measures provided for by the national project.
| | Serious attention should be paid to achieving the national goal of preserving the population, health and well-being of people, the deputy prime minister's office reports Golikova. | |
On November 24, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin called the priority of the Russian Federation to increase the average life expectancy to more than 80 years. The duration and quality of human life are generalized indicators of the state's work in all areas - both in the economy and in the social sphere, the head of state noted.
Longevity is one of the six national goals of Russia's transformation, according to which the total life expectancy of Russians should increase to 78 years by 2030, and later exceed the 80-year threshold.
While maintaining existing negative factors and trends until 2030, the national goal of 78 years for life expectancy at birth will not be achieved, believes Igor Efremov, a researcher at the International Laboratory of Demography and Human Capital at the Gaidar Institute.
| | It is most likely that in this case, by 2030, the figure will be about 75-76 years, "he said in a conversation with RBC. | |
Irina Kalabikhina, head of the Department of Population of the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University, agrees with this. She cited several reasons she felt had slowed the rise in life expectancy:
- COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic;
- military special operation in Ukraine;
- an increase in the level of anxiety and stress in the population of the Russian Federation;
- the impact of sanctions on health care.[5]
Life expectancy in Russia increased by 1.8 years to 71.8 years
By the end of 2022, relative to the same period of 2021, life expectancy in Russia increased by 1.8 years. This was announced in December 2022 by the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation Mikhail Murashko. According to him, Russia has entered a stable trajectory to reduce mortality, the indicators are already lower than in 2019.
At the same time, the minister noted that it is important today to lay down approaches that will allow changing the indicator of life expectancy faster.
| | Although today this speed, in one year almost two years, is a high level of change. This is also due to the fact that in the previous period life expectancy in connection with infectious diseases decreased, - added the head of the Ministry of Health on December 12, 2022. | |
Murashko did not specify to what level life expectancy has increased. Kommersant writes that we are talking about an indicator of 71.8 years, which by 0.8 years exceeded the result predicted by the Ministry of Health. The newspaper suggests that the largest contribution to such a sharp increase in the indicator is made by the so-called harvest effect. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, he suggests that during it, those who could soon die from other causes due to their health conditions died from the virus. Accordingly, if they died "ahead of schedule," the life expectancy indicator may improve, the publication explains.[6]
According to Valery Gulshin, Deputy Director of the Department for Organization of Medical Care and Sanatorium-Resort Affairs of the Ministry of Health, in Russia, life expectancy in two years decreased by 3.3 years as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since mortality of the population is associated with life expectancy, the implementation of measures aimed at reducing the mortality rate of the population from the main causes is the main reserve in achieving the national goal of life expectancy, Gulshina noted.
| | In 2022, in order for us to be in trend and be able to achieve this goal, we need to save at least 116 thousand lives of our citizens of the Russian Federation, she clarified. | |
In the summer of 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin said that the average life expectancy in Russia for the second quarter of 2022 exceeded 73 years, and mortality decreased to 2019 years.At the end of 2021, Putin said that amid the coronavirus pandemic, the average life expectancy of Russians decreased from 71.5 to 70.1 years. In his message to the Federal Assembly, the president instructed to increase the life expectancy of Russians to 78 years by 2030.[7]
2021: Life expectancy has decreased in Russia
Life expectancy in Russia at the end of 2021 amounted to 70.06 years. This figure is lower than in the first year of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, when OPZ was measured 73.3 years, according to Rosstat data released in March 2022.
The lowest life expectancy among Russian regions in 2021 was recorded in Chukotka (64.87 years), in the Jewish (66.12), Amur (66.30), Irkutsk (66.80) regions, Trans-Baikal Territory (66.82), Tuva (66.88) Karelia (67.31).
For the second year in a row, Ingushetia headed the top long-lived regions, here the OPZ indicator in 2021 amounted to 80.52 years. The five also included Dagestan (76.59 years), Moscow (74.55 years), Kabardino-Balkaria (73.77 years) and Karachay-Cherkessia (73.47 years).
The natural decline in the country's population in 2020-2021 approached 1.73 million people. It is noted that it took Russia 10 years to increase life expectancy by 4.4 years by 2019. Over the past two years, there has been a complete rollback, writes The Bell in March 2022.
At the end of December 2021, Russian President Vladimir Putin cited data according to which life expectancy in Russia was reduced to 70.1 years from 71.5 years in 2020.
| | There are things that can't help but bother us, it's life expectancy. It has slightly decreased with us... And this is just one of the negative consequences of the coronavirus [COVID-19] pandemic, "Putin emphasized at an annual press conference. | |
At the end of 2021, Bloomberg, citing Moscow State University demographer Vera Karpova, reported that life expectancy in Russia had rolled back by a decade. According to her, the last time life expectancy below 70 years was observed in Russia in 2012.[8]
2020: Reduction in life expectancy in the Russian Federation by 1.84 years, to 71.5 years
The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation reports that life expectancy in Russia at the end of 2020 decreased by 1.84 years - to 71.5 years. The ministry explained the excess mortality by the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. The department called COVID-19 "one of the strongest challenges for the health care system over the past century."
| | The drop in life expectancy that has occurred can be considered significant. It suggests that relatively young people were dying from the coronavirus in Russia. Around the world, it was believed that the risks of dying from coronavirus are higher in the elderly, that they grow with age, including as a person has cardiovascular diseases, however, according to my estimates, for Russians it has increased since the age of 45, - Yevgeny Andreev, head of the International Laboratory for Population and Health Research at the Higher School of Economics, told Kommersant. | |
The version of the draft unified government plan for achieving national development goals released in March 2021 stated that life expectancy in Russia at the end of 2020 decreased to 71.1 years against 73.3 in 2019.
It is expected that Russia will be able to return to the level of 2019 only in 2024, it followed from the version of the government plan. At the same time, six months ago, the authorities expected to bring the life expectancy of Russians in 2024 to 75.2 years.
Earlier, President Vladimir Putin, during his message to the Federal Assembly, said that the Russian authorities should achieve a life expectancy of 78 years by 2030.[9]
2019
Average life expectancy - 73.4 years
Minister of Health of the Russian Federation Mikhail Murashko in May 2020 cited data according to which the life expectancy of people is increasing in Russia. In 2019, compared with 2018, it rose from 72.9 to 73.4 years.
| | A very important indicator for which a program of state guarantees is being formed is an increase in life expectancy, the minister emphasized. | |
73.4 years in average life expectancy - the best indicator for Russia since 1991. In addition, the number of centenarians is increasing in Russia. Most of them are in the Russian capital. In Moscow, there are 7.7 thousand centenarians. In the northern capital there are 3.5 thousand. The growth of centenarians in Moscow and St. Petersburg indicates an improvement in the provision of medical care to the elderly.
Jumping to 73.6 years or manipulating statistics?
In October 2019, the Ministry of Health reported that life expectancy in Russia for 8 months of 2019 increased to 73.6 years on average, or 0.7 years.
Anatoly Vishnevsky, director of the Institute of Demography of the Higher School of Economics, said that by month the life expectancy indicator is not considered anywhere - it will become known by the end of the year and the data for 2018 will be calculated in the summer of 2020. At the same time, life expectancy in the Russian Federation did not change for decades, but began to grow by leaps and bounds for several months.
1990-2000s: Men's life expectancy reduced to 57 years due to uncontrolled sale of alcohol and tobacco
In the 1990-2000s, Russia faced the phenomenon of super-mortality: the life expectancy of Russian men fell to 57 years. In the course of a multi-component epidemiological study "Studying the causes of high mortality in Russia," it was found that 59% of young men died due to excessive alcohol consumption.
"A completely free market, tax-free cigarettes and alcohol were the result of a colossal increase in sales of alcohol and tobacco products in the 1990s. For cigarettes alone, there was more than a double increase in sales - from 200 to 450 billion units per year, "said project manager, President of the Anti-Cancer Society of Russia, Professor David Zaridze in January 2023.
The project consisted of a retrospective study of the results of pathoanatomical autopsies of 50 thousand dead and a cohort prospective study, which included 210 thousand Russians. The results laid the foundation for the development of the Concept of State Policy to reduce the scale of alcohol abuse of the Russian population, added David Zaridze. The result of the implementation of the concept was a colossal decrease in alcohol consumption in the state, as well as a decrease in mortality from all causes, including from all non-medical ones.
"The measures taken within the framework of the concept saved the lives of 3.5 million people, whose death would lead to the loss of several million more unborn Russians," the professor said. "And our recommendations for the introduction of maximum permissible concentrations of tar and nicotine in tobacco products prevented the death of more than 500 thousand Russians - since 1993, mortality and morbidity from lung cancer and other forms of cancer associated with smoking have significantly decreased."
Notes
- ↑ Murashko: men in the Russian Federation live 10 years less women due to high incidence
- ↑ Life expectancy in the Russian Federation in 2023 amounted to 73.46 years
- ↑ Sobyanin said that the average life expectancy in Moscow reached 78.4 years
- ↑ More than half of men in Russia do not live to 65 years old, the expert says
- ↑ Life expectancy in Russia in 2022 increased to 72.6 years
- ↑ Life recoups from a pandemic
- ↑ Life expectancy in Russia increased by 1.8 years
- ↑ Life expectancy in Russia for two years of the pandemic decreased immediately by three years
- ↑ The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation announced an increase in mortality in 2020 by 17.9%
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