Fifth Industrial Revolution Industry 5.0

Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0)

Main article: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0)

2021: Industry 5.0: How the New Industrial Revolution Will Affect Humanity

By November 2021, humanity is experiencing the fourth industrial revolution and is witnessing technological and economic changes, related to the integration of innovations such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things, cryptocurrencies, automation tools, etc. Optimization of processes with the help of these achievements significantly affected the importance of people in fulfilling many tasks in various industries, which caused significant concern and protest among workers. Nevertheless, the fifth industrial revolution will return attention to humanity.

Sequence of industrial revolutions

As scientists at Australia's Deakin University say, the fifth industrial revolution involves returning workers to production plants and combining human intelligence, creativity with the capabilities of a machine to increase the efficiency of processes. While the main problem in Industry 4.0 is automation, Industry 5.0 assumes synergy between people and autonomous machines.

The autonomous workforce will be receptive and informed of human intentions and desires. Humanity will work with robots not only without fear, but also with calm, knowing that their robot colleagues adequately understand them and are able to cooperate effectively with them. This will result in an exceptionally efficient value-added production process, flourishing reliable autonomy, and reducing waste and production costs.

Industry 5.0 implies efficient and comfortable cooperation of cobots with people

Industry 5.0 will change the definition of the word "robot." Robots, which by 2021 are perceived exclusively as a programmable machine that can perform repeated tasks, will become the ideal companion person to perform tasks in some scenarios. The next industrial revolution will present the next generation of robots, commonly called cobots, who will already know or can quickly learn what to do together with man. These robots "know" about the presence of a person, so they will be able to take care of compliance with safety criteria and will take into account various work risks. They will notice, understand and feel not only the person, but also the goals and expectations of the human operator. Like the disciple, the cobots will observe and learn how a person performs a task. After training, cobots will perform the desired tasks in the same way as human operators. It is assumed that a person will feel a sense of satisfaction working together with the cobots.

It is expected that within the framework of Industry 5.0 a new production role will appear: Director of Robotics - Chief Robotics Officer (CRO). CRO is a person who understands robots and their interaction with people. This specialist will be responsible for making decisions to add or remove robots from the environment/shop to achieve optimal performance and efficiency. It is assumed that this specialist will have experience in the field of robotics, artificial intelligence, modeling of the human factor and human-machine interaction. The Directors of Robotics will have a deep understanding of the work of the cobots and, taking advantage of the possibilities of advances in computing, will have the necessary opportunities to positively influence the management of production processes and protect the environment from the impact of new technologies, in particular the reduction of pollution and waste generation.

The concept of Industry 5.0 can be visualized using the example of a production line (shown in the figure below).

Human operator works on assembling electromechanical machine together with robot

It depicts a person working on the assembly of an electromechanical machine. The human worker starts the task, and the robot watches the process using a camera on the suspension. This camera works like a robot eye. The robot is also associated with a processing computer that captures an image, performs image processing, and examines patterns by machine learning. He also watches the person, watches the environment and draws conclusions about what the operator will do next, using an analysis of human intentions based on deep learning. The most important sensor that can be used to understand human intentions is functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which allows you to receive signals from the human brain over a wireless communication channel. The technology is fNIRS well suited to this task because it comes in the form of a headset and does not require time-consuming adjustment and calibration steps. As soon as the robot is confident in its forecast, it will try to help the employee. This will be similar to how another person will stand next to an employee and give clues, which will increase the overall efficiency of the process. In this example, the robot predicts that the human operator will use a specific part in the next step of the task. The robot takes the part in advance and delivers it to a person if necessary. The process is inconspicuous, so the operator does not need to make any adjustments to his workflow.

So, the fifth industrial revolution will occur when its three main elements - intelligent devices, intelligent systems and intelligent automation - are completely merged with the physical world in cooperation with human intelligence. The term "automation" describes autonomous robots as intelligent agents working simultaneously with people in the same workspace. Trust and reliability between the two sides will achieve promising efficiency, flawless production, minimum waste and flexibility of production.^[1]

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