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2023: Rise in popularity of US far-right nationalist movement Active Club
In 2023, the far-right nationalist movement from the United States Active Club is gaining popularity in Finland, actively recruiting supporters among local youth.
1994: EU accession referendum
Main article: European Union (EU, EU)
1980: Rally to sell beer at kiosks
1975: Meeting of the head of the USSR Brezhnev and US President Ford in Helsinki
1968
1965
1950
1948: Peace Treaty with the USSR on the neutral status of Finland and mutual assistance
In 1947, a whole series of peace treaties were concluded in Paris with countries that fought against the USSR on the side of Nazi Germany, including Finland. She committed herself to maintaining neutral status. The result of this diplomatic rout was the "Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the USSR and Finland" concluded a year later in 1948.
If we convey the meaning of this document in two sentences, it will look like this: Finland and the Soviet Union jointly defend the territory of Finland, in the event of an attack on Finland or on the Soviet Union through its territory. In the event of a threat to the USSR, Finland "will fight to repel aggression," "shall direct all forces at its disposal to protect the inviolability of its territory on land, at sea and in the air, acting within its borders, pursuant to its obligations hereunder, by, if necessary, the Soviet Union or with it, "in the event of" military aggression by Germany or any state allied with it. "
Obviously, with such an agreement, there could be no talk of Finland joining NATO. Thus, the USSR guaranteed the neutral status of Finland and the impossibility of attacking itself through its territory.
Concluded in 1948, the contract was extended several times. The last time this was done was in 1983, for 20 years. But in 1992, the agreement terminated due to the destruction of the USSR.
1945: Losses in World War II
Main article: World War II
1944
Finland's transition to the side of the USSR in the war against Germany
Even before the start of the Soviet offensive, in March 1944, the Finnish government made the first attempt to conclude a truce with the USSR through the mediation of Sweden. However, the parties then did not agree in the conditions. Now, after the defeat and, most importantly, after the next crushing defeats of Hitler's Germany, the ruling circles of Finland have become more accommodating. In turn, Stalin showed readiness to reach a treaty.
First, the Finnish parliament dismissed President Risto Ryti and elected Gustav Mannerheim in his place. On August 25, Mannerheim sent Stalin a proposal for a truce and soon received an answer to it that a truce was possible only if two conditions were met: the immediate break of Finland with Germany and the internment of all German troops in Finland who remained there after September 15.
In fact, this was a demand for Finland to turn its arms against its ally yesterday. Mannerheim agreed to it. Even before the official signing of the armistice, which took place in Moscow on September 19, 1944, hostilities began between the Finnish and German troops (Lapland War). Stalin demanded that the Finns prevent the evacuation of Wehrmacht units, which could then take part in hostilities against the USSR on other fronts.
The most important reasons why Stalin stopped the Red Army on the border of Finland were: the consent of the Finns to a truce and to declare war on Germany, the need to use the released troops to defeat the main enemy, Germany, as soon as possible.
An important role was undoubtedly played by the memory of the Winter War. Stalin now understood that if he insisted on a radical change in the internal system of Finland, he risked running into stubborn resistance from the Finns and tying Finland to the chariot of Hitler's Germany for a long time. This would adversely affect the timing of the defeat of the Third Reich.
Finally, the fact that Stalin was forced to maintain good relations with the Western allies also mattered. Of these, the United States, for example, was not at all at war with Finland. This was explained, in particular, by the fact that of all the states allied to the Third Reich, Finland was the only one where the democratic system remained. An attempt to dramatically change the status of Finland would run into serious resistance from the West and could lead to the collapse of the anti-Hitler coalition even before the victory over Hitler.
Finnish concentration camps in Karelia
During the occupation of Soviet Karelia by the Finns, six concentration camps were created in Petrozavodsk to support local Russian-speaking residents. Camp No. 6 was located in the area of the Transshipment Exchange, 7,000 people were kept in it. The photo was taken after the liberation of Petrozavodsk by Soviet troops on June 28, 1944.
This picture was presented as part of the evidence at the Nuremberg trial of war criminals.
The girl who in the photo is the second from the pillar to the right - Klavdia Nyuppieva - many years later published her memoirs.
'I remember people swooning in the heat in a so-called bathhouse and then being doused with cold water. I remember the disinfection of barracks, after which it made noise in the ears, and many were bleeding with their noses, and that steam room, where all our rags were processed with great "effort." Once the steam room burned down, depriving many people of their last clothes. "
1941: Attack on the USSR together with Germany
In June 1941, the Finnish army, together with the German army, attacked the USSR. Contrary to the statements of the leaders Finland that their goal is only the return of land rejected by the Soviet Union in 1940, Finnish troops advanced much further than the old border. In particular, they occupied most of Soviet Karelia with Petrozavodsk as its capital.
In the fall of 1941, the advance of the Finnish army was stopped. The front line in Karelia and north of Leningrad did not change until June 1944, when the offensive operations of the Soviet troops began.
1940: Winter War and the Moscow Peace Treaty with the USSR
After three months of horrific military losses, Stalin had to go to a truce with Finland in March 1940 and be content with joining only the Karelian Isthmus with Vyborg. It was a formal victory for the USSR, but a pyrrhic victory. In addition to the inadequate ratio of losses (Soviet troops lost about seven times more than Finnish), this war showed the weakness of the Red Army, the inability of its military leaders and largely contributed to Hitler's decision to attack the USSR.
1939
Stalin creates the government of the Finnish Democratic Republic led by Otto Kuusinen and concludes a mutual assistance agreement with him
After the Red Army crossed the Finnish border on the Karelian Isthmus on November 30, 1939, Stalin formed the "government of the Finnish Democratic Republic" in the city of Terioki (now Zelenogorsk) and signed an "agreement on mutual assistance" with him. This "government" was led by the communist Otto Kuusinen. In the occupied areas of Finland, the organization of the "Finnish People's Army" even began. Stalin stated that the task of the USSR and the new "republic" is to overthrow the "bourgeois" government of Finland sitting in Helsinki.
1937
1918: Civil War
The "Finnish Workers' Republic," existed from January to May 1918. The revolution in Finland was strangled with the help of German intervention.
1913
1908: Delegation of the Principality of Finland refuses to fly the flag of Russia
18th century
1658
1618
1610: Witch Hunt
600g
See also
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