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Number of inhabitants
2024: 36.8 million people
According to the Statistical Committee, at the beginning of 2024, the population of Uzbekistan was 36.8 million people. More than 3 million residents live in the capital of the country, Tashkent, of which over 84% are Uzbeks by nationality, according to a study by the digital hub Wunder Digital. Interestingly, every second family has two or more children, and for every five families there are two cars. The population of the country is almost evenly distributed between urban and rural areas.
2022:36 million people
In 2022, the population of Uzbekistan increased by 4% to 36 million people.
2018: Population growth since 1989 by 50% to 30 million
2013:29 million people
On January 30, 2013, President of Uzbekistan Karimov turned 75 years old. Over the 23 years of his presidency, the population of Uzbekistan, despite the outflow of Russian-speaking and the return to the historical homeland of the Crimean Tatars, Greeks and representatives of other nationalities, increased from 19 to 29 million people. Every year, the republic grows 300 thousand new citizens.
National composition
Russians
Migration
2024: The number of labor migrants from Uzbekistan to the Russian Federation has decreased 6 times in 8 years
The number of labor migrants from Uzbekistan working in the Russian Federation has decreased 6 times over the past 8 years. If in 2016 their number was from 4 to 6 million people, then in 2024 this figure does not exceed 1 million people. Such data on June 4, 2024 was cited by the press secretary of the President of Uzbekistan Sherzod Asadov.
Asadov attributes such a significant reduction in the number of Uzbek labor migrants in Russia to the successful economic reforms being implemented in Uzbekistan in recent years. According to him, thanks to the transformations in the economic sphere, it was possible not only to prevent the "brain drain" from the country, but also to achieve results that exceeded expectations.
As the representative of the President of Uzbekistan emphasized, both Shavkat Mirziyoyev and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin drew attention to this trend, but many experts and analysts did not attach due importance to this information.
Despite a sixfold decrease in the number of labor migrants from Uzbekistan, they continue to play an important role in the development of the main sectors of the Russian economy, such as construction, housing and communal services and the transport and logistics sector. Russian President Vladimir Putin assured that Russia will continue to take all necessary measures to provide Uzbek citizens working in the Russian Federation with decent working conditions and social protection.
The issue of the situation of labor migrants in Russia became one of the main on the agenda of the negotiations between Shavkat Mirziyoyev and Vladimir Putin, held as part of the visit of the Russian leader to Uzbekistan in May 2024. In a joint statement following the meeting, the presidents of the two countries stressed the importance of the effective functioning of mechanisms designed to ensure decent working conditions for foreign workers.[1]
2023
The number of people who left Uzbekistan for permanent residence in the Russian Federation increased 1.9 times to 2.67 thousand citizens
In 2023 Uzbekistan , 2.67 thousand citizens of the country left Russia for permanent residence (permanent residence), which is 1.9 times more than a year earlier. Such data in the Agency for Statistics of Uzbekistan led at the end of January 2024.
As Kommersant writes with reference to the materials of the department, the total number of people who left Uzbekistan for permanent residence abroad reached 17.3 thousand people. The number of residents who came to Uzbekistan from abroad for permanent residence increased by 28.3%, to 2.95 thousand people. The number of arrivals from the Russian Federation increased to 1,175 people, an increase of 1.4 times compared to 2022.
At the end of 2023, Kazakhstan (726 people, or 24.6%) took the second place in the number of foreigners who moved to Uzbekistan. The third position was taken by Tajikistan (286, 9.7%). Kyrgyzstan (150 people, 5.1%) and Turkmenistan (61 or 2.1%) close the top five. From other countries of the world, 557 people came (18.7%).
In 2023, departures from Uzbekistan abroad fell on August, when the number of permanent residence trips in a month approached 2,400. In the fall, the figure declined, reaching an annual low in December.
As in previous years, the bulk of emigrants from Uzbekistan went to Kazakhstan - their number exceeded 14 thousand or 81% of the total. Returnees from ethnic Kazakhs (Oralmans or Kandas) have the right to help with work and housing, payment of pensions and other benefits.
According to the State Statistics Committee, the number of Russians in the republic in the period from 2017 to 2020 decreased slightly - by only 1.3% to 720.3 thousand people. The most significant outflow of residents of Uzbekistan occurred in 1991-2011, then the number of Russians almost halved - to 837.5 thousand people. As of January 1, 2024, 36.8 million people of different nationalities live in Uzbekistan.[2]
Uzbeks - the fifth largest diaspora in South Korea - 87.6 thousand people
Citizens Uzbekistan make up the fifth largest foreign diaspora in. South Korea At the end of 2023, 87.6 thousand of our compatriots lived in this country, Yonhap reported.
About a seventh of the Uzbek people who live in South Korea - 12.5 thousand people - study at universities.
In 2022, 69 thousand citizens of Uzbekistan lived in South Korea.
2022: The number of permanent residence in Russia decreased 4.3 times to 1.4 thousand people, 813 people came from the Russian Federation
The number of citizens of Uzbekistan who left for permanent residence in Russia in 2022 decreased 4.3 times compared to 2021 to 1,441 thousand people.
In 2022, 2.3 thousand people came to permanent residence in Uzbekistan from abroad, of which 813 people arrived from Russia. This figure was two and a half times higher than in 2021.
2021: Net outflow over 4 years
2012: Labor migration in Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine
In 2012, mainly Uzbeks go to Russia, but if we talk about the countries of the former Union, then Ukraine and Kazakhstan should not be discounted either.
2.3 million guest workers in Russia
Only according to official data of the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation as of December 14, 2012, every fourth migrant worker in Russia was a citizen of Uzbekistan, and there were 2.3 million people in total. Uzbeks occupy the first place in the structure of the total number of labor migrants (in the second - "Zrobitans" from Ukraine - 1.4 million people) and have been leading in this indicator for several years.
But these are official reports, and they are hardly exactly true. At the same time, the need for the services of visiting workers, taking into account the natural decline of its own working-age population, is constantly growing in Russia - in the next 20 years, the country, according to World Bank estimates, will need another 12 million guest workers. Therefore, of this number, the Uzbeks, if the current proportions remain, will amount to another three million. Let's add here the children of migrants born and naturalized in Russia, Uzbeks working in Kazakhstan and other countries, and we will get a very solid diaspora - more than a third of the population of the "metropolis" itself. Most of them today and tomorrow will be in a particular employer country on a temporary basis, but some will settle and receive new citizenship.
With the increase in the number of migrant workers, the amount of money they send home is also growing. In 2009, Uzbekistan thus received 2.052 billion, in dollars 2011 this amount more than doubled and amounted to 4.9 billion (this is almost five times more than the volume of currency generated over the year from the sale of cotton with a nominal GDP Uzbekistan of $45 billion), and its further growth is predicted. This, as they write MEDIA, , stabilized the sum rate, which at the end of 2012 on the "black market" did not decrease by the usual 20-30 percent, but increased by 1.8 percent.
Of course, the situation here is not the same as in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, where workers who left abroad provide the GDP of their countries by 47 and 29 percent, respectively, - it's just that the economy of Uzbekistan itself is some kind of, but not comparable to the indicators of agricultural neighbors. Nevertheless, Uzbeks also send their 10-12 percent of GDP home from abroad (some experts, however, call the figure at 30 percent).
In Tashkent, emigrants have long been looked at with some jealousy ("where are you going?," "How are we worse?") And to some extent they were even prevented. Those leaving the country in search of work unofficially have the status of a "traitor to their homeland," although, of course, no one subjects them to any persecution for this.
Officially, the solution of issues to ensure the employment of citizens of the republic abroad is entrusted to the Agency for External Labor Migration (AVTM), which, according to eyewitnesses, pasted all OVIRs of the country with warnings about what threatens those who want to independently go to work abroad - namely slavery and involvement in prostitution. But you can leave for Russia, as well as for other countries with which Uzbekistan has a visa-free regime, without a so-called exit visa, which requires registration and permission from law enforcement agencies. Women under the age of 35 have special difficulties with obtaining an exit visa - they need an invitation from the receiving party, a marriage certificate (or the consent of parents who should be brought to OVIR) and a number of other certificates to obtain an exit visa.
However, Uzbek day laborers prefer to go to the CIS countries on their own without resorting to the services of the agency. Well, in fact, where does the future builder, seller, janitor or "bombed" take the copy of the contract with the future employer required by Uzbek officials, if he doesn't even really know which Russian city he will end up in? Earlier, the agency successfully worked only with migrants who went to work in South Korea (at one time these countries signed an agreement on the temporary employment of Uzbek citizens in South Korea). From the point of view of migration to the CIS countries, the activities of AUTM turned out to be ineffective.
"Why did he go there? What, this person could not earn at home as much as a janitor in Moscow? Shame on the nation, if our people can only work as janitors, "Islam Karimov said these words on January 18, 2013 at the annual cabinet meeting. Thus, the President of Uzbekistan reacted to the news about the murder in the Russian capital of one of the Uzbek guest workers (such murders, as, by the way, the crimes of the visitors themselves in relation to local residents, actually occur regularly). The answer to the question of the Uzbek leader is obvious: no, I could not make money at home. The "net" salary of an Uzbek janitor in Moscow is approximately $250-400, which is more than the average earnings in Uzbekistan, even according to official figures.
In his speech, Karimov also touched upon the topic of unemployment among Uzbek youth, laying the blame for shortcomings in this area for some reason on the Prosecutor General of the Republic (according to Karimov, the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Uzbekistan will be responsible for the murder of the janitor in Moscow). In August 2012, the State Committee on Statistics and Employment reported that the unemployment rate in the country had decreased to 4.8 percent of the economically active population. However, it is unlikely that Karimov would be worried about such an indicator, especially since it is most likely sucked out of his finger - according to the World Bank, the real unemployment rate in Uzbekistan is from 20 to 30 percent, depending on the region.
About 10 thousand labor migrants in Crimea
In Ukraine, the bulk of Uzbeks work in Crimea - Crimean Tatars bring them there from among those who were evicted to Uzbekistan back in 1944 and returned to the peninsula in the post-Soviet era. Uzbeks, like their fellow countrymen in other countries, work in Crimea as builders and auxiliary workers, traders in markets, assistants in cafes and restaurants of Tatar cuisine. Often employers use their assistants actually as slaves, taking away their passports, keeping them locked and starved and forcing them to work 16 hours a day. Stories about this are regularly published in the local press. But despite this, the Uzbeks continue to go to the Crimea, which is largely facilitated by the mentality similar to the Tatars, which has developed over the many years of joint residence[3].
Uzbek migration to Crimea is seasonal, as well as the whole life of the peninsula. With each flight Tashkent-Simferopol arrives 100-150 people. Some of them are trying to break into the Crimea under the guise of descendants of deported Tatars, acquiring the necessary documents in their homeland. Many of those who do not have money either for accommodation or for a return ticket, and even poorly speak Russian (which, of course, complicates any dialogue), local authorities turn back. The total number of seasonal Uzbek migrants in Crimea in 2008 was estimated at eight thousand people, as of February 2013 it can be assumed that it increased to 10-15 thousand.
More than 230 thousand guest workers in Kazakhstan
In Kazakhstan, only in the capital of Astana with its population of 700 thousand people in February 2013, 30 thousand Uzbek citizens work. Five years ago, according to a study by the International Organization for Migration, the number of labor migrants from Uzbekistan in South Kazakhstan, where up to 90 percent of migrant workers move, was about 200 thousand people. But this figure is clearly underestimated - public organizations even then counted in the republic about a million visitors to work from Uzbekistan. In particular, residents of Karakalpakia and Khorezm are massively moving to Kazakhstan, where the standard of living is one of the lowest in the country. At the same time, the influx of migrants to Kazakhstan will only grow, so in this regard, the southern neighbor is even able to compete with Russia.
Mortality
2018: Number of deaths in road accidents
2016: Number of deaths from opioid use
Notes
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