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Main article: India
Geology
Subduction of the Indian plate under Burma forms the Sunda trough
The Burmese plate is a small tectonic plate or microplate located in Southeast Asia. It is usually considered as part of the Eurasian plate.
On the plate are the Andaman Islands, the Nicobar Islands and northwestern Sumatra. This island arc separates the Andaman Sea from the Indian Ocean to the west.
The boundary between the Burmese and Sunda Plates to the east formed the Andaman Sea and separated the Andaman-Nicobar-Sumatran Island Arc from the Eurasia mainland in a spreading process that began approximately 4 million years ago.
In the west lies the much larger Hindustan plate, which is subducting under the Burmese plate.
The Indostan plate drifts north at a speed of 6 cm per year, and also rotates counterclockwise.
This large subduction zone formed the Sunda Trench, which extends for 4-5 thousand km and is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
The maximum depth of the Sunda Trench reaches 7729 m (opposite the island of Bali), which makes it the deepest depression of the Indian Ocean.
Earthquakes and tsunamis
The Indian plate gradually slides deeper under the Burmese plate, until the increasing temperature and increasing pressure turn the pushed edge of the Indian plate into magma, which is eventually thrown up through volcanoes (the so-called Volcanic Arc). This process is interrupted by the adhesion of the plates for several centuries, until the pressurizing pressure becomes the cause of a major earthquake and tsunami as a result.
With the sharp advance of tectonic plates, the seabed also rises several meters, thereby giving rise to destructive tsunami waves. The tsunami in this region does not have a point center per se. Tsunamis spread radially from the entire fault.
2004: Tsunami kills more than 225,000 people in several countries after Indian Ocean earthquake
On Sunday, December 26, 2004 at 07:58:53 local time, an underwater earthquake caused a tsunami, which became the deadliest in modern history.
The magnitude of the earthquake was, according to various estimates, from 9.1 to 9.3. This earthquake is one of the three strongest earthquakes on record.
The tsunami reached the shores of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, southern India, Thailand and other countries. The height of the waves exceeded 15 meters. For details, see Earthquakes
Volcanoes
In the sea, east of the main group of islands of the Greater Andaman Archipelago, is Barren Island, the only current active volcano associated with the Indian subcontinent. This volcano island has a diameter of 3 km and rises 354 meters above sea level.
Its recent activity resumed in 1991 after a quiet period of almost 200 years. The eruption is due to the ongoing subduction of the Indian Plate under the Andaman Island Arc, which causes magma to rise at this location of the Burmese Plate. A new eruption began on May 13, 2008.
The volcanic island of Narkondam, further north, was also formed by this process. There are no records of his activities.
Geography
Dangerous insects
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