Clipper
Clipper is the programming language in the environment of a DB developed Nantucket Corp company. Includes the compiler, a link editor, the interactive debugger, library of objkektny modules and a set of other housekeeping utilities.
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History
The Clipper programming language was well-known to programmers in the nineties of the 20th century. On it the set of programs for management of databases of predpiyatiya was written. Generally it were programs of economic, accounting and accounting orientation. Clipper allowed to master easily knowledge of creation of databases to people whose primary activity was a development of programs for a wide range of specialists of the enterprises and firms. Main advantage of this programming language before other popular programming languages, for example such as Si or Pascal, consists in intuitive clearness of its syntax.
The Clipper-programmer never "is hurt by the head" because of incompatibility of data types. Clipper does not require the preliminary declaration of types of functions and procedures, variables and arrays. Arrays and lines do not require also the indication of their dimension. Any variable stores in itself that put in it, let it even an array which elements are subarrays of different length and content. Also intuitively just Clipper will organize creation of databases and management of them. Though Clipper is created long ago, hardly now there is language more clear it intended for management of databases.
Specific Features
In addition to a clipper appeared many object libraries created generally on it, and also to Si and the Assembler. However with distribution of the Windows operating system the main lack of Clipper-programs as the Windows applications working in "DOS window" obviously began to be shown. Namely, at start of one and furthermore several Clipper-programs, the programs in parallel working begin to work with such zamedeniye that it cannot but irritate users. From a clipper programmers and most the firms developing the software turned away.
Without simple language of programming creation of programs for the solution of accounting, economic, accounting tasks became so technically not a short case that most software developers were forced to leave this occupation. For many years it seemed that the property of a clipper to "braking" of at the same time working programs is not surmountable. But it turned out that it not so. New program developments of means for this language allowed to receive the Clipper-programs working in the environment of Windows of different types without "braking". At the same time completion of the old software developed in the Clipper language came down to simple rearrangement of object modules using new object libraries. Also emergence of new interpreters of the Clipper language is of interest and also database servers, language of management of which was not traditional SQL, but language close to Clipper.
Links
Literature
"Ca-Clipper 5.2 language and Clipper Tools 3.0 library", Kanatnikov, Tkachyov
"Clipper. Programming manual", Rick Spence
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