Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Catalogue of SPPR projects and solutions

Main page of catalog - SPPR

History

Theoretical research in the development of the first decision support systems was carried out at Carnegie Institute of Technology in the late 50s and early 60s of the XX century. It was possible to combine theory with practice by specialists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 60s. In the mid and late 80s of the XX century, systems such as EIS, GDSS, ODSS began to appear. In 1987, Texas Instruments developed the United Airlines Gate Assignment Display System. This significantly reduced flight losses and regulated the management of various airports, from O'Hare International Airport in Chicago to Stapleton in Denver, Colorado. In the 1990s, the scope of the SPPR was expanded by the introduction of data warehouses and OLAP tools. The emergence of new reporting technologies made SPPR indispensable in management.

Classifications

According to interaction with the user, three types of SPRs are distinguished:

• passive ones help in the decision-making process, but cannot make a specific proposal;
• Active are directly involved in developing the right solution;
• cooperative involves the interaction of SPPR with the user. The user can finish, improve the proposal made by a system, and then back send to a system for check. After that, the proposal is again presented to the user, and so until he approves the decision.

According to the support method, the following are distinguished:

• model-oriented CPRs, use in the work access to statistical, financial or other models;
• Communication-based CPPs support the work of two or more users engaged in a common task;
• Data-oriented CPRs have access to the organization's time series. They use not only internal, but also external data in their work;
• Document-oriented CPPs manipulate unstructured information in various electronic formats;
• Knowledge-oriented CPPs provide tailored, evidence-based solutions to problems.

System-wide and desktop SPRs are distinguished by scope of use. System-wide works with large storage systems and is used by many users. Desktops are small systems and are suitable for management from a single user's personal computer.

Architecture

Functional SPPR

They are the easiest in terms of architecture. They are common in organizations that do not set global goals and have a low level of development of information technologies. A distinctive feature of functional SPRs is that data contained in operating systems are subjected to analysis. The advantages of such SPRs are compactness due to the use of a single platform and speed due to the lack of the need to overload data into a specialized system. Among the drawbacks are: narrowing the range of issues solved using the system, reducing the quality of data due to the lack of a stage of cleaning them, increasing the load on the operating system with the potential to stop its operation.

SPRs using independent data storefronts

They are used in large organizations with several departments, including information technology departments. Each particular data mart is created to solve certain problems and is aimed at a separate circle of users. This greatly improves system performance. The introduction of such structures is quite simple. From the negative moments, it can be noted that the data are repeatedly entered into various windows, so they can be duplicated. This increases storage costs and complicates the unification process. The filling of data storefronts is quite difficult due to the fact that numerous sources have to be used. There is no single picture of the business of the organization, due to the fact that there is no final consolidation of data.

Two-Tier Data Warehouse DSP

It is used in large companies whose data is consolidated into a single system. The definitions and methods of processing information in this case are unified. To ensure the normal operation of such a SPR, it is necessary to allocate a specialized team that will serve it. Such an ERP architecture is devoid of the shortcomings of the previous one, but it does not have the ability to structure data for individual groups of users, as well as limit access to information. There may be problems with system performance.

Three-Tier Data Warehouse CPR

Such SDRs use a data warehouse from which data storefronts used by groups of users solving similar problems are formed. This provides access to both specific structured data and single consolidated information. Data marts are easier to fill because of the use of validated and cleaned data in a single source. There is an enterprise data model. Such SPRs are distinguished by guaranteed performance. But there is redundancy that leads to an increase in storage requirements. In addition, it is necessary to reconcile such an architecture with a plurality of areas having potentially different queries.

Structure

Four main components are distinguished:

• Information data warehouses;
• Extract Transform Load (ETL) tools and methods
• Multidimensional database and OLAP analysis tools
• Data Mining tools.

Advantages

The SPDP makes it easier and more effective for business managers. They significantly speed up the solution of problems in the business. IPPs promote interpersonal contact. They can be used to provide training and training. These information systems increase control over the activities of the organization. Having a well-functioning CPR offers great advantages over competing structures. Thanks to the proposals put forward by the SPPR, new approaches are being opened to solving everyday and non-standard problems.

Dynamic modeling

A special class of strategic management and decision support systems are systems that allow dynamic process modeling. When using dynamic modeling methods, the company's activities are described in the form of a mathematical model in which all business tasks and processes are presented as a system of interconnected calculated indicators. Read Dynamic Simulation

Links

Creation of SPPR

Webopedia on SPPR