Digital construction
Kopaev G.V. The author in various roles took part in about twenty projects to automate construction management (not taking into account the development projects of already created systems). In this article, he summarizes his observations on the digitalization of construction management by the state.
Main article: Digital technologies in construction
Describing the "Digital Construction," first of all it should be noted that the state - authorities, OMSU, subordinate organizations and state corporations - acts in the industry in two types: the regulator and the customer of construction. Such dualism helps to understand existing development problems more quickly. Second, it is necessary to take into account the influence of TIM (information modeling technology). This trend is likely to transform the digitalization map beyond recognition.
Current situation in the "regulator" role
Over the past few years, the following directions have been automated:
- State services "Construction permit and commissioning permits," issue of GROM, notice for individual housing construction;
- State examination of design documentation and results of engineering surveys;
- State construction supervision;
- Maintenance of regional information systems for urban planning activities (ISOGD);
- Interaction of developers with resource-supplying organizations.
A number of significant industry-wide systems have been created:
- Register and calculator of construction procedures description;
- "Project declarations of shared construction" and the Unified Housing Information System (EIS LC);
- Unified State Register of State Opinions in the Field of State Expertise (FGIS ERGZ)
- FGIS "Pricing" in construction
- Construction industry monitoring system;
- Construction information classifier;
- Construction resource classifier.
Briefly consider the state of affairs for each system mentioned, touching on additional systems along the way. We will introduce a complexity estimate for each system according to the following parameters:
- Requirements for integration with EPGU/RPGU, ESIA authorization (we will call this indicator "EPGU/RPGU");
- Complexity of internal processes ("Complexity of processes);
- The required amount of interagency interaction, including the receipt of data through SMEV and other protocols ("IMV");
- Requirements for analytical subsystem ("Analytics");
- The presence of special, special functionality ("Special. capabilities ").
The author gave estimates expert, based on his experience.
State Services "Permit for Construction of Capital Construction Facility" (RS), "Permit for Commissioning of Capital Construction Facility" (RV)
On the one hand, construction permits and commissioning permits are one of the first automated directions. Nevertheless, the results of the work are very different. Three implementations can be distinguished:
- For reporting: "Done." This approach is easy to identify on two grounds - a form posted on the public services portal is not intellectual: it does not adapt to the type of object under construction, while all fields are optional. It is almost impossible to fill out such a form correctly, you will always be mistaken somewhere. The second sign is that you can not wait for the answer, since there was no implementation. What is logical - if you can't fill out the form correctly anyway, then why create a back office, spend time training performers?
- A reasonable form is made, you can attach and sign with the help of EP documentation, which sometimes reaches several gigabytes; automated processing of the application, the main interdepartmental requests are implemented into the process or are available to the specialist; a resulting registry has been created to add the granted permissions.
- In addition to the implementation of paragraph 2, the integrations that are not present in the SMEA are implemented: transfer to construction supervision, to the regional ISOGD and other systems. After several years of operation, the system is supplemented with BI class analytics tools.
The main obstacle to the introduction of such public services is the will of the customer. For example, the Ministry of Construction of Russia. The system according to option 2 was introduced, integrated with EPSU, but practically not used. The arrival of a new head of the relevant department launched the operation of the system very quickly on the previously created solution. By the way, a permit for the construction of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline was issued in electronic form.
Let's note that the Ministry of Digital Affairs of Russia launches a standard form at EPSU for several construction services at once. It may not be ideal, since the documentation must be signed outside the system, but the fact of a noticeable reduction in the financial burden for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is very positive.
Notification services for individual housing construction and the issuance of GROM are technologically similar to RS and RV. Only the GROM issuance process is sometimes attempted to be integrated with the map system within the GIS.
| 'EPSU/RPSU | 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | ||
| 3 (requires signing and transfer of gigabyte files) | 1 | 3 | 0 (tends to 1 as data accumulates) | 0 |
Automation of state expertise of design documentation and results of engineering surveys
This is a stage of interaction between the state and the designer in electronic form, implemented at a good level. The adoption of a number of regulatory documents and a large information campaign did their job. Although some large roughness was noticeable at first. The most surprising thing that was seen in the automation process was the conscious disregard of a number of regulatory requirements by some customers. The bright idea is to abandon the use of ESIA at the first stages, replacing it with self-authorization.
To illustrate the need for a comprehensive approach, consider the list of requirements from sectoral NAPs, import substitution and e-government (NAPs are given as of 2016-2017).
Note that in the systems under consideration, elements that are characteristic of digital platforms began to appear: remote connection of unique specialists who are not employees of the organization, as tasks arise for them.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 5 (requires constant interaction with applicant) | 5 (requires classic BPMS) | 1 | 1 (visualization of specialist load) | 0 (at the moment of transition to TIM becomes 5) |
Construction supervision
Automation of state construction supervision activities is much more complicated than the procedures previously considered. In one way or another, it has been going on for several years. Just as in the case of automation of state expertise, there was periodic disregard for the requirements of regulatory acts. The most striking example is in response to a request for alleged methods of authorization in the building supervision system being created, the author of the article received from the public procurement site approximately the following answer: "In each email, people sign who they are, from which organization. This is how we will understand where they come from. " The reasons for ignoring the ESIA, electronic signature remained unclear.
Some confusion was made to the solution market by the recommendation to use the LPC TOR (standard cloud solution for control and supervisory activities) for construction supervision. Of course, "supervisory activity" in state construction supervision is the main, but the requirements are too specific. Differences in approaches can be defined as follows: the LPC TOR provides reporting to the prosecutor's office, and specialized solutions provide increased productivity of employees and developers, data are provided to the prosecutor's office through the service.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 5 (frequent interaction with applicant is required) | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 (at the moment of transition to TIM becomes 5) |
Shared supervision
Automation of shared supervision is similar to construction supervision. The specifics are the need to interact with Unified Housing Information System constructions(UIS LC).
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 1 (LC EIS interaction required) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Subtotal.
Information systems that automate individual stages of the construction life cycle are more or less successfully introduced in government and local government. In many cases, a register of permits issued is created.
Automate interaction with resource-supplying organizations
In three subjects of the Russian Federation (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Moscow Region), a special legal regime was launched for the interaction of developers with resource-supplying organizations (955 decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 09.08.2017). According to the Register of Construction Procedures, developers communicate with network operators no less, or even more, than with the state. In the normalization of such interaction lies a huge saving of time and finance of the developer.
In this regard, a number of projects were launched to interact developers with networks through state regional systems. There are excellent effective examples of the functioning of such projects, in particular in the Moscow region. According to the author of the article, the success of the project in the suburbs is due to the will of a specific manager - he took and did. In other entities of the country, attempts to make the system sometimes led to unexpected results. For example, in one of the regions, a commercial development company that has completed a state contract declares on the system's website that it is its operator.
Technologically of this kind, interaction portals can be built on the basis of regional public services portals, and instead of the medium for transmitting SMEV data, it is necessary either to use the personal offices of resource-supplying organizations, or to make a regional analogue of the integration bus.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 2 | 1 (the main performers are outside the authorities) | 3 (the introduction of the SMEV analogue in the region is required to work with commercial companies) | 1 | 0 |
Regional information systems for urban development
The idea of information systems for supporting urban planning activities (ISOGD) can be simplified as a register of objects under construction and built, functionality for solving urban planning problems, and a processor of applications for construction state services.
The first wave took place at the end of the last century, the second - in the middle of the two thousandth, and the third ended in 2020. In fact, the topic was dealt with by companies specializing in geoinformatics. As a result, when getting acquainted with modules for the provision of public services and interdepartmental interaction, there was no limit to surprise - these tasks were too superficially solved. The unwillingness of joint work on ISOGD by diverse companies reduced the quality of the resulting systems.
The second problem is the traditional trouble of geographic information projects - they are very sensitive to the culture of data management. As soon as the rigidity in working with digital materials disappears, the systems die.
There is also reliable information - the Unified Electronic Cartographic Basis (EECO), judging by the public procurement portal, was created in 2020. In this regard, the financial costs of the regions for maintaining the basic geo-base should radically decrease.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 0 (we believe that public services are automated separately) | 2 | 2 (we believe that public services are automated separately; get data from related systems, including EECO) | 1 | 4 (requires specialized "heavy" tools for working with geographic information systems) |
Industry-wide systems
Systems are "scattered" in a number of organizations.
Register and calculator of construction procedures description
I want to start with this system, since under it lies a very clear methodology - reducing business costs when interacting with the generalized state ("Doing business"). The methodology requires highlighting all points of interaction between the developer, designer and other participants in construction with state bodies, OMSU and monopolists - resource-supplying organizations. Based on the results of the allocation of such points, it is possible to benchmark the duration and cost of procedures in different countries, to optimize them.
It should be noted that in the public services for the issuance of GROM, RS, RV, conclusions on compliance with construction supervision and shared supervision, processing of notifications for individual housing construction contain a total of about 15-20 procedures, and their total number is 229.
In Russia, the results of identifying procedures were recorded in a number of regulatory documents for 6 types of construction, the Register and Calculator of Construction Procedures information system was created, and a systematic reduction in the number of procedures and the timing of their submission began. By the way, the idea of creating regional systems for automating interaction with resource-supplying organizations was born from the same Doing business methodology.
The information system of the Ministry of Construction of Russia contains a list of procedures (the structure is close to the description of services in the Federal Register of Public Services), the conditions for applying the procedure are set depending on the type of object under construction, the sequence of execution. Unfortunately, at some point the work on the topic stopped. Nevertheless, the fact of publishing a calculator on the website of the Ministry of Construction of Russia makes it possible to return to modeling - to build some procedures in parallel, to evaluate the effect of the duration of a particular procedure on the overall term.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 0 | 1 | 0 (not required) | 1 (preferably 3 if modeling tools are extended; comparison of design and real construction durations) | 0 |
End-to-end automation of procedures within the region
Considering the topic in this section violates the presentation logic. However states , we should talk about the complex work and interaction of the generalized one only after considering the "Doing business" methodology. In the summer of 2018, a representative of a technologically developed subject RUSSIAN FEDERATION at one of the conferences very clearly showed the problems of working out an application within the authorities. The logic was as follows: electronic documentation from the application at some point turns into printed, then blue printing is put and the drawings are scanned. Accordingly, there is the task of implementing superservices in construction as ideas for end-to-end combining procedures. Based on the calculation of the Department, HOUSING AND PUBLIC UTILITIES Moscow the transformation of individual procedures into a super service allows you to reduce the total duration of work state agencies by 3-4 times.
It seemed that the topic could be given priority development as having clear economic efficiency. Of course, superservice should be based on quality service providers.
We will not give an integral assessment, since we are talking not so much about a separate system as about the methodology for linking systems.
"Design declarations of shared construction" and EIS LC
"Design declarations of shared construction" (Ministry of Construction of Russia) and EIS ZhS ("ДОМ.РФ") are two systems that were created simultaneously and solved the problem of reducing the risk of new deceived equity holders. Since the author was related to the creation of the system of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, logic is considered on its example. A single solution for the whole country ensured the submission of declarations by developers for each object of shared construction, they were considered by regional authorities, and in case of a positive decision, a "Conclusion on the compliance of the built object with design documentation" (ZOS) was issued. A quarterly report was also submitted on the state of construction and financial stability of the organization.
The system "Design declarations of shared construction" is interesting in that in 2018 it began to claim the status of a digital platform. Firstly, the Ministry of Construction managed to achieve uniformity in the implementation of regulatory procedures throughout the country. The refusal of the regions to issue ZOS - "And so I see the required reporting" - were promptly stopped. Secondly, the quality and volume of information prompted at least one largest bank to begin to find out the possibility of joining the system. Third, the industry's high readiness for digital interaction was shown in 2018. There was a call to the technical support service from only one developer organization: "We have problems with the possibility of receiving an electronic signature." At the same time, more than 3 thousand organizations worked in the system.
A number of large construction organizations managed to build end-to-end processes - they began to unload the design declaration from their internal systems in a given format.
In the future, according to the newly adopted additions to the law on shared construction, only one system remained - the UIS LC of ДОМ.РФ. Nevertheless, in the industry there is a permanent resource that provides information about one of the stages of the construction life cycle for one of the most mass types of object. Remember that fact.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 2 | 1 | 1 (integration with "ДОМ.РФ") | 1 (information panel on data status) | 2 (Design declaration in electronic form - very complex document) |
In the case of development into an ideal system (the author hopes that the LC EIS is such a system), the coefficient values should be different:
| 'EPSU/RPSU | 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | ||
| 2 | 1 | 3 (requires the introduction of an analogue SMEV for working with commercial companies) | 5 (state and dynamics of construction based on a huge volume of accurate structured data) | 2 (Design declaration in electronic form - a very complex document) |
Unified State Register of State Opinions in the Field of State Expertise
Another point of construction control was the Unified State Register of State Opinions in the Field of State Expertise (USRZ), maintained by FAU Glavgosexpertiza of Russia, a subordinate institution of the Ministry of Construction of Russia. The initial purpose of the register is to collect project documentation, permits for which are issued by various state expertise bodies.
In fact, it was possible to establish state control over another stage of construction.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 (up to 4) | 1 (will be 5 when you move to the TIM) |
FGIS "Pricing in Construction"
The system should provide the ability to collect information on the main components of construction costs - construction materials, machines and mechanisms, labor, logistics. Based on the information collected, it is possible to calculate a wide range of goods and services in different parts of the country. During the writing of the concept and technical assignment, the enormous methodological work carried out in the USSR on the structuring and detailing of price components became visible.
The weak point of the concept is the mechanisms for collecting initial information. It was possible either to try to go to the commercial version of working with data (an excellent example of a construction exchange at that time functioned in Russia), or to build some set of formal collection mechanisms. According to the author of the article, he can boldly criticize the result, since he himself wrote this section of the concept and knows the source of the problems. It seems that the current will of the Russian government can provide the necessary mechanisms for data collection and make the system an important information resource in the industry. Initially, the concept was written by order of the FAU Federal Central Central Executive Committee (subordinate to the Ministry of Construction of Russia), the system was created in another subordinate institution - FAU Glavgosexpertiza of Russia.
When implementing some development scenarios, FGIS "Pricing in Construction" can become a full-fledged digital platform or a data aggregator system from other resources.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 1 | 3 | Desired level - 5 | Desired level - 5, up to the application of Artificial Intelligence technologies | 5 |
Construction industry monitoring system (Ministry of Construction of Russia)
Technologically relatively simple, at the same time a stable system for collecting indicators from the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Initially, the idea of gradually replacing aggregated indicators with objective data from specialized industry systems was laid.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (up to 3) | 1 |
Construction Information Classifier
FAU FCS managed to create one of the basic regulatory reference systems in the construction industry. A feature of the data in its original form was partial structuring - a large number of tables were supplemented by text descriptions of some special cases, detailing.
Based on the report of the deputy director of FAU "FCS" D.P. Chamara (April 12, 2021, the first all-Russian industry conference "Construction Navigator 2021. The course to reduce the construction time "), the system looks quite nice, the translation of information from the classifiers immediately into digital form is provided. As far as is known, during the design of the system architecture, specialists were involved in the field of digital classifiers.
The specified qualifier is important the fact that its use in a digital form allows to transfer to figure a number of processes in construction. For example, at Transneft a few years ago, the task of automating the comparison of the results of instrumental control with the required parameters from the directories was solved. Obviously, as of June 2021, half of the work on the creation of the system, namely, maintaining a directory of values and tolerances of specific parameters, is transferred to the CSI.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
Building Resource Classifier
The classifier of construction resources (DAC) exists in two versions due to the separation of the process of recognizing new materials (resources) between the ministry and a subordinate agency. Clearly, building an end-to-end business process can quickly provide understandable legitimacy to CEB data.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 1 | 1 (when combining systems - 2) | 0 | 1 | 1 |
AIS of technical standardization and conformity assessment in construction
The system automates the processing of requisitions and the issuance of technical certificates. As of August 2020, 150 technical certificates with their conclusions were published in the state register of technical certificates of the automated information system for technical standardization and conformity assessment in the construction[1].
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Separately, I would like to note the missing system, the need of which has been talked about for a long time (see below).
Register of capital construction facilities under construction (ROKS), aka Unified State Register of Construction (USRS)
An attempt to introduce this system was implemented in the Ministry of Construction of Russia several years ago, but legally significant processes for the implementation of the system were not completed. Nevertheless, experimental operation showed the possibility of limited forces (1-2 specialists from the subject of the Russian Federation) to manually ensure full accounting of ongoing construction at the country level at key points: state examination of PD and AI, obtaining a construction permit, conclusion on the compliance of state construction supervision, permission to put into operation. Taking into account the collection of the main characteristics of objects, it was possible to work at a qualitative level of information.
As we discussed above, at present this kind of registry can rely on information from the USRP and the LC EIS. Technically, the collection of information on construction and commissioning permits can be carried out taking into account the requirements of the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 29.06.2012 No. 1123-R. Obtaining information in the scope of the conclusion on compliance from the construction supervision bodies is also seen as a task to be solved.
The presence of a large amount of data collected in information systems, partial standardization of description (MS and RV) allows you to create an array of information about the ongoing construction in the country in the foreseeable time frame.
An addition to the data at the longest stage, in fact, construction, can be information from inspections carried out by the state construction supervision - Rostekhnadzor and regional bodies, as well as the Electronic Budget. Thus, it is possible to make transparent to managers information on the state of affairs for each object built with the attraction of state funds.
Let us give possible upper-level requirements to the USRS without specifying stakeholders:
- Reduction of construction time;
- Control over the implementation of budget funds for construction at the budget account;
- End-to-end identification of objects;
- Services for working with TIM for all state experts wishing to work with AIS "Expertise" from the GGE;
- Ability to build documentation in a TIM environment throughout the lifecycle;
- Visualization of construction material requirements;
- Possibility of using modern construction control systems based on digital models;
- Quality rating of construction organizations.
| 'Complexity of processes
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' МВВ' | 'Analytics
| align="center" style="background:#000000;color:white;"|' Спец. opportunities' | |||
| 0 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
State as customer
Construction control on subsidies allocated
As far as the author of the article knows, this work is automated fragmentary. Meanwhile, the report on construction in the framework of large federal programs, such as Stimulus, Clean Water, etc., could become part of the USRS.
Automation of capital construction departments
The systems are designed to automate the Customer role. The functions of such systems differ little from those of commercial organizations. An example is the 2020 competition for the creation of an information system for organizing the activities of the GKU "Construction Department of the Leningrad Region."
Very interesting projects are being implemented in large state corporations, for example, in Russian Railways, Transneft and others. At this level, there are many different systems that automate certain aspects of project organizations and developers.
Note the efforts that are being made in these companies to introduce information modeling technology (TIM), or, as they are also called, BIM. It is important that Russian developers are included in the work. Most likely, by the beginning of 2022, the transition to TIM will be very noticeable within these corporations, they will be ready to provide authorizing authorities with documentation in the format of information models. And what will be required of these bodies? They will need to modify their own systems to work with new data formats. Consider this task next.
New Integrated Platform
Data modification, that is, the transition from "digital paper" to information models, should change the information systems of state examinations, construction supervision, systems for working with building and commissioning permits, and systems for interacting with resource-supplying organizations. Recall that the automation of these activities included digital interaction of participants (public services portals, ESIA and SMEV), internal business processes (BPMS or accounting systems + BI). But the documentation is still presented in the form of drawings in PDF, text and table documents. All participants have the means to work with such formats a priori.
We ask a number of questions:
- Is there a solid experience of using the IFC exchange format for the work of supervisory/permitting authorities with models created by different teams? Judging by the statement of the representative of Stroynadzor Moscow ( April 12, 2021, the First All-Russian Industry Conference "Construction Navigator 2021. Course to reduce construction time ") while the organization was processing the project in the provided customer environment. And this situation is with one of the recognized leaders of the industry.
- What is the financial burden on supervisory/permitting authorities to purchase information systems to work with TIM?
- How closely do FGIS CA, CSI, CEB need to be integrated with supervisory/permitting systems?# Are there any? finance
As a result of answering these questions, several scenarios are possible:
- The IFC exchange format satisfies all participants in the interaction. Funds for working with him will be available free of charge or for a minimum fee for state examinations, construction supervision bodies, etc.
- The IFC exchange format satisfies all participants in the interaction. But many participants will need full modules, for example, to detect collisions. Financial resources may not be enough for a critical number of users.
- Digital models will be uploaded to traditional PDF formats for drawings, text and tabular documents for transmission. There will be two data loops - information models and "digital paper."
The author of this article seems more promising the fourth option - the implementation of a new integrated platform based on the USRS, which will provide work with information models to a wide range of participants.
The next picture, created about three years ago, illustrates this version of events.
This platform approach, which involves the consolidation of different processes in one product, will naturally lead to the end of the discussion in this IT sector: how to create systems more correctly - centrally or provide an opportunity to create regions. In the first case, it is possible to obtain more functional systems, and in the second there are interesting finds that have not been previously noticed.
Technologically and economically, it is possible to combine the register of objects (USRS) with an updated repository of information models. At the same time, accounting information can be maintained for all objects, and models for those subject to state examination. In addition to the Ministry of Construction of Russia, a maximum of 3 regions can afford to withstand funding for a platform that meets the requirements of a number of areas that provides work with "heavy" data - Moscow, St. Petersburg, Moscow Region.
It seems that the discussion on the development of state systems in the field of construction management should have the scenarios explicitly described above.
Proceeding from communication with specialists of "Big Ministry of Construction" (Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation, subordinated institutions), it is possible to claim that the questions which are brought up in article are known. Moreover, the understanding of the level of necessary digital transformation of the industry is deeper.
Summarizing the article, we note:
- The state acts in two types - the regulator and the customer of construction, which helps to better understand the problems.
- Some processes are automated, but in many cases not ideal. Obviously, a more stringent formulation of requirements for systems based on regulations could improve the quality of regional systems.
- It seems that the time of search and creativity of a large number of participants is coming to an end. A transition to an integrated digital platform that requires too much financial support is desirable.
Author - Gennady Kopaev
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