2025/05/02 12:54:42

History of Austria

The main articles are:

1994: EU accession referendum

Relation to the accession of countries to the European Union by district in referendums from 1972 to 2013

1965

18-year-old Arnold Schwarzenegger, future actor and governor of the US state of California, serves in the Austrian army and leads a tank, 1965

1938

Members of the Hitler Youth force Jews to wash the street, Vienna, 1938.

Adolf Hitler at his parents' grave. Leonding. Reichsgau Upper Danube. Third Reich. 1938

Anschluss - joining the German Reich

Ballot paper during Austria's Anschluss referendum with Germany. "Do you approve of the reunification of Austria with Adolf Hitler's German Reich?" Yes - a big circle, No - small. March 13, 1938

March 13, 1938 at 19 o'clock Hitler solemnly entered Vienna

On March 12-13, 1938, the Anschluss ("accession," "union") took place - Austria's inclusion in Germany.

Territory of Austria and German Reich (12 March 1938).

1934

July 27, 1934, Vienna, Austria. Armored vehicles patrol the main streets of the city in case of unrest.

Austria-Hungary

1918

End of World War I. Millions of victims in Russia

Main article: World War I

The total number of victims, according to various estimates, is from 9 to 18 million people.

Death toll as a proportion of countries' pre-war population, including deaths from hunger and disease

Supplies of grain, meat and sugar from Ukraine during the blockade of the country by Britain

In February 1918, by agreement with the government of the Central Rada, German and Austrian troops entered the territory of Ukraine. The governments of the central powers committed themselves to protecting the territory of the Ukrainian People's Republic from the troops of Soviet Russia and supplying coal and oil. In return, Kyiv politicians were supposed to help the German and Austrian military export food from Ukraine.

Thus, the government of the Central Rada pledged to supply Berlin and Vienna by July 31, 1918 1 million tons of grain, 400 million eggs, up to 50 thousand tons of cattle meat, lard, sugar.

For the Germans and Austrians, it was a matter of survival, food in these countries was sorely lacking due to the blockade arranged by Britain. Acorn coffee and margarine potatoes for a resident of Vienna or Berlin were a delicacy at the time.

1916: Death of King Franz Joseph I

As of September 2022

1915

Sigmund Freud with his sons during the First World War.

1910

Ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary as of 1910

1905

In Austria at the beginning of the 20th century

1893: Franz Ferdinand's visit to Ceylon

The future heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, Archduke Franz Ferdinand with the first elephant killed. British Ceylon, 1893.

1870

The Austrian father poses with a whip and a team of "horses" made up of his daughters, Austria-Hungary, 1870.

1795: Final partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between Prussia, Russia and the Habsburg Monarchy

The division of the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian state (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) between the Kingdom of Prussia, the Russian Empire and the Habsburg monarchy occurred in 1772, 1793 and 1795.

1619: Ferdinand II elected Holy Roman Emperor

In August 1619, after the death of his older brother Matvey, Ferdinand II was elected emperor.

Helmet of the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire Ferdinand II, XVII century.

By character, Ferdinand was a pleasant secular person: kind to his close associates and gracious to servants, he easily converged with people, was generous, passionately loved music and was ardently fond of hunting. At the same time, it was an active and business sovereign who never neglected his duties.

But the main feature of his nature was the fanatical commitment of the Catholic Church, which he was ready to serve with both word and sword. The Jesuits had a huge influence on him. Two of them were always in his hallway and had the right to enter him at all times, even at night, for advice and edification.

1618

1240: As part of the Holy Roman Empire

The empire throughout its history (962-1806) remained a decentralized entity with a complex feudal hierarchical structure, uniting several hundred territorial-state entities. At the head of the empire was the emperor. The imperial title was not hereditary, but was awarded following the election of the electors by the college. The power of the emperor was never absolute and was limited to the highest aristocracy of Germany, and from the end of the 15th century - the Reichstag, representing the interests of the main classes of the empire.