Main article: History of Russia
Romanov and Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov dynasty
Residences
The birth of the dynasty: Karl Friedrich
1721: Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein of the German Gottorp family, moves from Sweden to Russia
Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein of the German Gottorp family, having remained a poor relative at the Swedish court, on the advice of his first minister Bassevich in 1721 moved to Russia, where he participated in the establishment of Russian-Swedish relations after the end of the Northern War.
August 9, 1722 awarded the Russian Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.
1725: Karl Friedrich marries Anna Petrovna in St. Petersburg
Karl Friedrich Holstein-Gottorp married Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great. The wedding took place on May 21, 1725. After the wedding, he remained to live in St. Petersburg and in the first years after the death of the emperor was one of the members of the Supreme Privy Council.
1727: Karl Friedrich returns to Holstein with Anna Petrovna
Karl Friedrich returned to Holstein in 1727, when it became clear that his wife would not be able to inherit the vacant Russian throne. He settled in the ducal palace in Kiel.
1728: Karl Peter Ulrich was born in Kiel - the future emperor Peter III
February 10 (21), 1728 in Kiel was born Karl Peter Ulrich - the future emperor Peter III. Anna Petrovna died after childbirth. From childhood, Karl Friedrich prepared his son for the inevitability of war with the Danes for occupied lands in the north of Schleswig.
1739: Karl Friedrich dies aged 39
Karl Friedrich Holstein-Gottorp died on June 18, 1739 at the age of 39.
1762: Beginning of rule in the Russian Empire
Karl Peter Ulrich of the Holstein-Gottorp dynasty begins to rule the Russian Empire under the name of Peter III
Thanks to the inheritance along the female line, the Holstein-Gottorp dynasty took the name of the Romanovs and in 1762, represented by Emperor Peter III, became the head of the Russian Empire.
The wife of Peter III overthrows him from the throne and begins to rule under the name of Catherine II
1798: Paul I erects the Priory Palace for the Order of Malta at Gatchina
Main article: The Priory Palace in Gatchina
1826: Coronation of Nicholas I
Throne chair of Emperor Nicholas I from the Faceted Chamber
Moscow Kremlin, Russian Empire, 1826. Photo by TAdviser, 2025
The throne chair was made for the coronation of Nicholas I and was in the Faceted Chamber from 1826 to 1849. After the resumption of the decoration of the hall in the 1840s, the chair was deposited in the Armory of the Moscow Kremlin, and a copy was installed in its place, differing only in the spelling of the imperial cipher.
It arrived at the Gatchina State Museum of Fine Arts from the museums of the Moscow Kremlin in 1977.
1837
Karl Bryullov, Portrait of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, 1837. Canvas, oil.
GTG. Study for an unfulfilled group portrait of the family of Emperor Nicholas І
1838
Karl Bryullov. Portrait of Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna. Late 1830s. Canvas, wt
State Russian Museum]]
1845: The birth of Tsarevich Alexander Alexandrovich - the second son of Alexander Nikolaevich
March 10 (February 26, old style) 1845, in the Anichkov Palace, the heir to the throne of Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, the future emperor Alexander II, and his wife Maria Alexandrovna had a second son.
This event was announced to the residents of the capital, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, by the 301st cannon shot from the bastions of the Peter and Paul Fortress, and in the evening the city was luxuriously illuminated. Newborn, in honor of his father was named Alexander.
1855: Reign of Alexander II
1861
Danish Princess Dagmar, future empress of the Russian Empire Maria Fedorovna, 1861
1863
Emperor Alexander II with his wife Maria Alexandrovna and three younger children at the reservoir. On the right is Sergey Alexandrovich (the future husband of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fedorovna) and Pavel Alexandrovich (he is about 3 years old). On the left behind her mother is Maria Alexandrovna, photographer: Count, Lieutenant General - Ivan Grigorievich Nostitz,
St. Petersburg, circa 1863.
1864
Heir to Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich with his bride, Danish Princess Dagmar. 1864
1865: Death of the heir to the throne Nicholas Alexandrovich in Nice
In the spring of 1865, Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich died in Nice from spinal cord tuberculosis.
1866: Princess Dagmar under the name of Maria Fedorovna becomes the wife of Alexander Alexandrovich
Princess Dagmar of Denmark wears a visiting dress on a crinoline. Copenhagen, 1866
In 1866, the Danish princess Dagmar, with the name Maria Fedorovna, became the wife of Nicholas's younger brother, the future emperor Alexander III, and the mother of Nicholas II.
1877: Alexander II in Bulgaria during the Russo-Turkish War
Portrait of Alexander II at his headquarters, Third Bulgarian Kingdom, Provisional Russian Administration, Gorna Studena village, Russo-Turkish War, 11 October 1877.
1881: Reign of Alexander III
1884
Tsesarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich (future Emperor Nicholas II) and Grand Duke George Alexandrovich with his mentor Charles Heath, circa 1884
1888
Empress Maria Fedorovna with her children Nikolai, George, Ksenia, Mikhail and Olga. 1888
Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, with his daughters Elizabeth, Alix (future Empress Alexandra Feodorovna) and son Ernest and Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich.
St. Petersburg. 1888
Official paired photo portrait of the Hesse-Darmstadt princesses. In the photo, from left to right: Princess Victoria Alice Elena Louise Beatrice of Hesse-Darmstadt and Rhine (future Empress Alexandra Fedorovna) and Princess Irena (Prussian) Louise Maria Anna of Hesse-Darmstadt, German Empire, Darmstadt, 1888.
1889
Official photo portrait of Princess Victoria Alice Elena Louise Beatrice of Hesse-Darmstadt and Rhine (future Empress Alexandra Fedorovna), photographer of the Imperial Theaters: Karl Ivanovich (Charles) Bergamasco, St. Petersburg province, g.
St. Petersburg, Nevsky Prospekt, house number 12, 1889.
1890
Empress Maria Fedorovna during a trip to hunting grounds, Russian Empire, 1890.
1891
Portrait of Grand Duke Nikolai Alexandrovich in the uniform of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment with sister Ksenia Alexandrovna in Gatchina Park, Gatchina, 1891.
1893
Nicholas II with his cousin, the future King George V of Britain, 1893.
1894: Nikolai Alexandrovich's engagement to Princess Victoria in the German city of Redenthal
An official pair photo portrait of the heir to the Tsarevich and Grand Duke Nikolai Alexandrovich with his beloved bride and Princess Victoria Alice Elena Louise Beatrice of Hesse-Darmstadt (future Empress Alexandra Fedorovna) after the engagement. Photograph by Professor Eduard Ulenhut "Imperial-Royal, Grand Ducal-Russian and Ducal-Saxon Court Photographer," German Empire, Redenthal, Coburg Urban District, Rosenau Castle, 20 April 1894. Color: AlixofHesse
Grand Duchess Ksenia Alexandrovna with her husband Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and brother Tsesarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich (future Emperor Nicholas II).
St. Petersburg. 1894
1894: Reign of Nicholas II
1895
Grand Duchess Ksenia, Princess Victoria of Great Britain and Empress Alexandra of Russia, 1895
The birth of the first daughter of Nikolai - Olga
Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna was born in the Alexander Palace of Tsarskoye Selo 16 (3 old style) on November 1895, at 9 o'clock in the afternoon.
Olga Nikolaevna, the first of four daughters of Nikolai Alexandrovich and Alexandra Fedorovna, born a year after their wedding.
1896
Nicholas II with his wife Alexandra Fedorovna and daughter Olga. Photo studio of the Russian court photographer: Lev Sergeyevich Levitsky, St. Petersburg province,
St. Petersburg, 1896.
Nicholas II with his wife Alexandra Fedorovna and daughter Olga. Photo studio of the Russian court photographer: Lev Sergeyevich Levitsky, St. Petersburg province,
St. Petersburg, 1896.
Emperor Nicholas II, with the rank of Colonel Honorary Commander of the 2nd Royal Scottish Life Dragoon Regiment of the Scottish Serykh, Balmoral Castle, Kingdom of Scotland, Edinburgh, September 1896
Nicholas II in uniform and in the rank of colonel honorary commander of the 2nd Royal Scottish Life Dragoon Regiment "Scottish Greys," Balmoral Castle, Kingdom of Scotland, Edinburgh, September 1896. Color Recovery: Olorin Maiar
1898
Telegramma Nicholas II from Livadia to Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich with support for his proposal to establish a Commission for the construction of a festival in honor of the 100th anniversary of his birth
A.S. Pushkin. Autographed led. Prince K.K. Romanova. November 7, 1898 SPF ARAN. F.6. Op.1. D.13. L.56.
Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Fedorovna. 1898
1900
Nicholas II writes at the table in his office in
Winter Palace. Photo taken by his wife Alexandra Fedorovna,
St. Petersburg, 1899-1900.
Empress Dowager Maria Fedorovna on a bench in her own garden, Gatchina, St. Petersburg province, c. 1900
1902
Sofia Merenberg - granddaughter of A.S. Pushkin by mother, wife of the grandson of Nicholas I, Grand Duke Mikhail Mikhailovich. 1902.
1903
Tsar Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Fedorovna at the parade of the Life Guards of His Majesty Ulan Regiment in Peterhof. May 1903.
Nicholas II Alexandrovich poses on the roof of the Grand Kremlin Palace,
Moscow, 1903
1904
Official photo portrait of Tsarevich and Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, photo studio "Boasson and Eggler (Frederick Genrikhovich Boasson and Fritz Osipovich Eggler), St. Petersburg province, Tsarskoye Selo district, Gatchina, 1904. Colour: Olorin Maiar
1906
Official photo portrait of children of Nicholas II Alexei, Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia, Nizhnyaya Dacha, St. Petersburg province, Peterhof district, Peterhof, September 1906.
Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna. Russia, 1906
1907
Alexandra Fedorovna, wife of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia. 1907
Portrait of the heir to Tsarevich and Grand Duke Alexei Nikolaevich, photo studio "Boasson and Eggler/Boissonas & Eggler," St. Petersburg province,
St. Petersburg, 1907. Color: Klimbim
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) poses with a catch (pike) in the imperial palace, St. Petersburg province, Tsarskoye Selo Uyezd, Gatchina, April 1907.
1909
Official photo portrait of Emperor Nicholas II in a naval uniform with epaulettes of captain of the 1st rank, photo studio "Boasson and Eggler (Frederic Genrikhovich Boasson and Fritz Osipovich Eggler )/Boissonas & Eggler," St. Petersburg province, 1909
Official photo portrait of Emperor Nicholas II in the form of Admiral of the British Fleet, photo studio "Boasson and Eggler (Frederick Genrikhovich Boasson and Fritz Osipovich Eggler )/Boissonas & Eggler," St. Petersburg province, 1909. Color: Tatiana Z
Procession on the field of the Battle of Poltava with the participation of Nicholas II
Procession on the field of the Battle of Poltava with the participation of Emperor Nicholas II, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, company commander of His Majesty the Life Guards of the Izmailovsky regiment - Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich (K. R.), Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Jr., ranks of the clergy. Poltava province of the Russian Empire, near the city of Poltava, 1909.
1911
Crown Prince Aleksei Nikolaevich Romanov, the fifth child and only son of Nicholas II and Alexandra Fedorovna. Russia. 1911
Official photo portrait of the daughter of Nikolai II, velikoy Princess Tatyany Nikolaevna in the uniform platye of the 8th Ulansky Ascension Regiment, St. Petersburg province, Tsarskoye Selo Uyezd,
Tsarskoye Selo, 1911. Color: Laurehelene
Emperor Nicholas II bypasses the ranks of graduate officers of the Sevastopol Officer Aviation School (SOSHA).
Crimea, 1911.
1912
Empress Alexandra Fedorovna poses on the imperial yacht "Standard" during a trip to the Finnish Skheram, summer 1912. Colour: Olorin Maiar
Archpriest Alexander Petrovich Vasiliev and Grand Duke Alexei Nikolaevich teach the "Law of God," Livadia Palace, Tauride Province, Yalta Uyezd, Livadia Village, 1912.
Grand Duchess Tatyana Nikolaevna, Kingdom of Poland of the Russian Empire, Spala, September - November 1912.
1913
Grand Duchess Tatiana, the second daughter of Emperor Nicholas II, is recovering from typhus, 1913. Her hair was cut off, she is in a separate room
of the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo. Icons, books, flowers and a phone stand nearby on the table.
Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and others for inspecting the bell of the Fedorovsky Cathedral in
Tsarskoye Selo, 1913
IV International Automobile Exhibition in St. Petersburg, May 1913. Emperor Nicholas II inspects trucks. On the right is the French all-wheel drive artillery tractor Châtillon -Panhard K13, in the background is the domestic 5-ton truck "Russo-Balt T 40/65"
Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna with other members of the Romanov House at a picnic, 1910s.
1914
Grand Duchess Tatyana Nikolaevna, May 1914
During the visit of the family of Nicholas II to Constanta (
Romania). Grand Princesses Olga Nikolaevna, Tatyana Nikolaevna, Maria Nikolaevna and Anastasia Nikolaevna aboard the imperial yacht "Standart," Constanta - Odessa, 1-2 June 1914.
During the visit of the family of Nicholas II to Constanta (
Romania). Grand Duchesses Olga Nikolaevna, Tatyana Nikolaevna, Maria Nikolaevna and Anastasia Nikolaevna on board the imperial yacht "Standard," Constanta - Odessa, June 1-2, 1914. Color: Olorin Maiar
Color photography of the Romanovs, 1914
Opening infirmaries for those wounded in the First World War at the own expense of Empress Alexandra Fedorovna
During the First World War, Tsarskoye Selo became the center of a special evacuation point organized by Empress Alexandra Fedorovna, which included dozens of infirmaries arranged in Tsarskoye Selo, Pavlovsk, Peterhof, Sablin and other places, while many of them were kept at the sovereign's own expense. For more details see Tsarskoye Selo.
1915
Grand Duchesses Olga Nikolaevna and Tatyana Nikolaevna with wounded officers in their own empress Alexandra Fedorovna Tsarskoye Selo Palace Infirmary No. 3, Petrograd Province, Tsarskoye Selo Uyezd, city
Tsarskoye Selo, World War I), 1915.
Empress Alexandra Fedorovna and Grand Princesses among the wounded and the staff of infirmary No. 41 in the Great Tsarskoye Selo Palace (in the premises of the former bedroom of Grand Duke Nikolai Alexandrovich). Photography by P. A. Otsup. 1915
1916
Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich is in the foreground. Further to the left to the right: Olga Nikolaevna, in the costume of a sister of mercy, Anastasia Nikolaevna, Tatyana Nikolaevna in the costume of a sister of mercy. Behind is Maria Nikolaevna.
Tsarskoye Selo. 1916
Nicholas II and Tsarevich Alexei on the banks of the Dnieper, 1916.
Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich with a teacher of the French language - Pierre Gilliard, major general of the retinue and palace commandant - Vladimir Nikolayevichem Voyeykovym, teacher
English - Charles Sydney (Sydney) Gibbs (in the future Archimandrite Nikolai) and teacher
Russian language - Peter Vasilyevich Petrov. Tsarskaya Stavka, Mogilev province, Mogilev,
The First mirovaya War 1916. Color: Klimbim
Heir to the throne Alexei Nikolaevich with friends of cadets Zhenya Makarov and Vasya Agaev on a water walk along the Dnieper River on the Desna steamer in the vicinity of Mogilev, Mogilev province, July 1916.
Nicholas II and Grand Princesses Tatyana Nikolaevna, Maria Nikolaevna and Anastasia Nikolaevna on a motor boat ride along the Dnieper River in the vicinity of Mogilev, Mogilev province, August 1916.
1917: Overthrow of the Dynasty
,
Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich,
World War I 1917. Color: Olorin Maiar
1918: The shooting of the family of Nikolai Alexandrovich in Yekaterinburg
On the night of July 16-17, 1918, the family of Nikolay Aleksandrovich Romanov was shot in the basement of Ipatiev's house in Yekaterinburg.
"House B. Ipatiev, where the Romanov family was shot." Postcard. The second half of the 1920s - early 1930s.
The question of the liquidation of the Romanovs was fundamentally resolved in early July 1918, when the inevitability of the surrender of Yekaterinburg to the advancing anti-revolutionary forces became completely clear, as well as due to fear of possible attempts by local monarchists to liberate the tsarist family by force.
Chairs were brought into the firing room for the empress and Alexei, who, after bruising his knee, could not walk for some time. His father carried him to the basement. Olga stood behind her mother. According to the memoirs of Ya. M. Yurovsky, the Romanovs did not suspect their fate until the last minute.
Room in Yekaterinburg, where the former Tsar Nicholas II and his whole family were shot, 1918
Yurovsky limited himself to a statement that the Council of Workers' Deputies adopted a decree on the execution, after which he was the first to shoot the former tsar. It was about 2:30 a.m. on July 17. After that, the general shooting rose and after half an hour everything was over.
After the shooting, sheets from the princesses' beds were brought into the room and the corpses were transferred into them into a truck parked at the house.
Memory
1977: Demolition of Ipatiev's house in which the Romanov imperial family was shot
Demolition of Ipatiev's house, in which the Romanov imperial family was shot, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), 1977.
1981: Canonization of the family of Nikolai Alexandrovich by the Church Abroad
The Nikolay Aleksandrovich Romanov family was canonized in 1981 by the Church Abroad.
2000: Canonization of the family of Nikolai Alexandrovich ROC
The family of Nikolay Aleksandrovich Romanov was canonized in 2000 by the Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church. The whole family in the face of the Saints is called the "Holy Royal Passion Fathers."
