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Main article: Population of South Sudan
Origin. Number. Population
The Jiyeh are part of the Nilotic Karamojong ethnic group (translated as' old people can't go any further '), as are their neighbors the Toposa. The ancestors of jie and topos migrated from Abyssinia (southern Ethiopia) and from Buganda (Uganda) between 1600 and 1700 AD as a single group.
The Jiyeh lands are spread out in the area of the Katangor hills on the border between the Upper Nile and Equatoria.
They live in bushes, in villages for 30-40 yards. In the dry season, when the savanna dries up strongly, small groups (young families, young men and women who have reached a certain age)) with herds and property settle in swampy places and on the banks of rivers.
The population of Giye, as of 2023, does not exceed 12,000 people.
Village. Type of dwelling
The usual village of Giye is located behind a low fence of prickly shrub and brushwood, there are many arched entrances/exits, on the outskirts there are small round cattle pens. Inside the village, each courtyard is also located behind the fence, the entrance to the courtyard in the absence of owners is protected by prickly shrubs.
The ordinary courtyard consists of a hut, a vault. All buildings are located on wooden piles/legs.
The hut for living is round in plan with a domed roof of straw, two-story huts are often found: the first is adapted for small livestock, storage of stocks and utensils, the second is adapted for sleeping. All entrances are protected by wicker round makeshift doors. A small vault on piles/legs for storing grain, products with an arched entrance is also necessarily protected by a braided round door. All economic activity is carried out opposite the entrance to the main hut, if the first floor is open - then under the residential floor.
Temporary households in nomadic stables consist of a light hut of branches and a cattle pen fenced with spiny scrub. Summer camps are tens of kilometers away from permanent settlements
Appearance. Clothing and jewellery
Men wear short haircuts, rarely hair braided in pigtails.
Men's casual clothing: ordinary shorts and trousers, berets and panams, rarely cloth capes, shoes, rubber boots. There are adult men without clothes and shoes. Young people willingly wear jewelry: chains, beaded necklaces, earrings, rings, bracelets (mostly purchased), rarely feathers in hair.
Women wear short haircuts, often braiding their hair, including wearing small shoulder-length braids. Actively decorate their bodies with scar. Often scars in the form of symbols of birds or animals.
Women's casual clothing: loincloth bandages or capes made of colored fabric. Even in everyday life, women wear jewelry: bracelets made of metal on their legs and hands, belts made of beads, chains and necklaces made of beads, headbands made of beads, nose piercings, rarely the lower lip. Women decorate their faces with sets of beads of the predominant yellow color, and earrings. Faces and bellies can be scarred, above the upper and under the lower lip often piercing.
Festive womenswear: Leather loincloth dressings heavily beaded Jewelry-metal leather bracelets on hands, bracelets made of beads in the pre-river, necklaces made of beads and feathers, earrings, headband made of beads with a top in the form of a flower/box. The color and shape of the jewelry depends on the group to which women belong: for example, feathers are worn by women from the ostrich group, jewelry in the form of a black and white strip is worn by women from the zebra group. For dances, jiye often generously decorate themselves with beaded products - beads, mottled leggings or bracelets on their legs, and the so-called "crowns" on their heads.
Children often wear jerseys and T-shirts, sometimes wearing underwear. And girls and boys wear chains and necklaces, rarely bracelets and piercings.
Main classes
The main activity of men: cattle breeding (cattle, mainly white long-legged zebu, sheep, goats), cattle protection and villages.
The main activity of women in the village: raising children, building huts and fences, water extraction, gathering, making skins, cooking, making jewelry
The tribe is engaged in hand farming (millet, sorghum, corn, legumes, pumpkins, root crops and tobacco)
Crafts are widespread: blacksmithing, pottery, leather, weaving, etc.
Older children help in raising younger ones: they wear on their hands and backs, play.
This tribe is much more aggressive than Toposa and they are feared as they are good fighters. Giye are skilled hunters and pastoralists. But in 2023, topos people prevent jiyeh access to the Kurun River area, one of the most important pastures for them. The society has a complex organization, even in the same village there are several groups living at the same time. Depending on the family, number and other conditions, the groups have the names of African animals (antelopes, giraffes, elephants, ostriches). Belonging to a particular group is expressed in the color and form of jewelry and clothing.
Stones and stone tools are actively used, knives and metal tips are found, in January 2023, the tribe used weapons to protect livestock and villages.
Organization of the company
The society has a complex organization, even in the same village there are several groups living at the same time. Depending on the family, number and other conditions, the groups have the names of African animals (antelopes, giraffes, elephants, ostriches). Belonging to a particular group is expressed in the color and form of jewelry and clothing.
Food
They eat milk and dairy products, process milk - the manufacture of soft cheese (like cottage cheese) and butter. Cereals are eaten, grains are ground to obtain cereals for porridge and flour. Wild fruits, nuts and berries, sugar rope are harvested. For cooking, vessels from dried pumpkin, metal pots are used, plastic containers for carrying and storing water are inserted. And women and men smoke tobacco. Among other things, a device made of pumpkin and a thin tube similar to a modern hookah is used for smoking.
Beliefs. Folklore, traditions, myths
The tribe retained everyday magic and beliefs: to protect the courtyards, charms are used on fences, in case of illness, one of the family members is painted with ash from the hut towards the exit from the yard (to indicate the road to the spirits).
The bodies of deceased relatives are buried in the courtyards of houses, sometimes outside the village.
The tribe has a complex dance: in each group there is a zavila, which organizes the entire process and begins to sing the song. Each group goes out in turn to the center
See also
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