Joints

Main article: Human body

Knee joint

The knee joint connects the femur, tibia and patella.

{{# https://www.tadviser.ru/images/3/3a/Video (73).mp4|100%|auto||A visual demonstration of why we need kneecaps}}

The knee joint also includes a joint cavity that is hermetically surrounded by a joint bag. And the reduced pressure inside the joint bag allows you to maintain the bone in a closed position.

Meniscus is a cartilaginous gasket that acts as a shock absorber in the joint, as well as stabilizing the knee joint.

When moving in the knee joint, the menisci contract, their shape changes.

Meniscus rupture

Shoulder joint

The shoulder joint is a typical example of a spherical joint - one of the articular surfaces is represented by a convex spherical head, and the other, respectively, a concave joint cavity.

The spherical joint is the most mobile of all joints, movement in it can occur around many axes.

Temporomandibular joint

The unique formation of the temporomandibular joint is the intra-articular disk, which, merging with the joint capsule, separates the cavity of the articular capsule into two separate sections and ensures accurate sliding of the bones along each other.

Ankle joint

The ankle joint is the most sensitive and important mechanism in the anatomy and structure of the foot, which consists of bone muscle and tendon formations, with their joint established work it is possible to move the foot, maintain balance and stability in an upright position.

Main article: Flat feet

Brush

Due to the fact that there are many bones and they are small, the brush has such plasticity and mobility, but because of this, with injuries, the performance of the hand is noticeably reduced.

Wrist cut

Crunch of nitrogen bubbles in joints

What can crunch when you bend your knees, especially when you do a charge?

Perhaps the best explanation for this phenomenon is the theory associated with air pressure and nitrogen. All your joints contain air and fluid.

Nitrogen is a major component of both air and joint fluid. When you get up (or make other movements), the pressure in the joint changes and nitrogen forms tiny bubbles.

Sometimes there is enough earthly attraction for these bubbles to form. Crunch is the sound of a bubble moving.

For example, when you rise in the morning from a bed in which you lay all night, nitrogen and air move, reacting to gravity.

Joint Treatment Technologies

2024

Russian scientists have found a solution for the rapid restoration of cracked tissues in the knees after surgery

Molds for growing cellular spheroids have been developed at MIPT. The technological solution proposed by the development team from MIPT and IFM UrO RAS makes it possible to form three-dimensional cellular structures in culture vessels. We are talking not only about standard containers, but also about rare modifications of forms - multi-well plates and cups for a confocal microscope. This was announced on November 27, 2024 by representatives of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Read more here.

Implant released that restores meniscus 5 times faster than usual treatment

In mid-October 2024, Regenity Biosciences received approval to sell a RejuvaKnee implant to treat soft tissue injuries and the meniscus of the knee. Minimally invasive collagen-meniscus implant promotes meniscus strengthening and repair in case of its injuries. According to the developers, RejuvaKnee provides more complete recovery, promoting the regeneration of its own meniscus tissue, as opposed to standard surgery with replacement of damaged tissues. It is known that meniscectomy can provide high short-term rates of clinical success, but often results in repeated meniscectomy or predisposes to osteoarthritis, unlike RejuvaKnee, which extends the life of the injured knee. Read more here.

2022: A device that relieves joint pain entered the market

On October 16, 2022, the Kineon Move + device was released, which relieves joint pain using medical laser technology by stimulating the natural healing processes of the body. Read more here.

Joint medications

2024: Sales of drugs to improve joint mobility in Russia for the year increased by 23.2% and reached ₽19,75 billion

Sales of drugs to improve joint mobility in Russia in 2024 increased by 23.2% in monetary terms and reached ₽19,75 billion, and in physical terms the growth amounted to 15.2% to 1.84 million packages. The leading positions in the market of synovial fluid prostheses are occupied by the drugs of MKNT Import - Flexotron and Chronotron. Data from analytical company RNC Pharma was published on July 1, 2025.

According to RNC Pharma, in the first five months of 2025, sales of synovial fluid prostheses for intra-articular injections in the Russian retail market increased by 25.4% in ruble terms. Data Base "Audit of retail sales of medical devices in Russia" shows an increase in natural consumption by 17.5% compared to January-May 2024.

In January-May 2025, about 876.5 thousand packages were sold in the amount of ₽9,84 billion in retail prices, including VAT. For comparison, for the same period in 2024, sales amounted to ₽7,85 billion with the sale of 750 thousand packages.

More than 96% of all sales of implants are carried out in an offline channel. The total share of online sales is growing relatively slowly - compared to January-May 2022, it increased by only 2.4 percentage points. However, the e-commerce segment has been outperforming for the third year in a row.

Compared to January-May 2024, spending on online purchases increased by 51%, and natural consumption increased by 31%. The smallest dynamics was characterized by the clinical sector - ruble dynamics did not exceed 19%, and natural dynamics amounted to 8%. Sales through offline pharmacies in January-May 2025 increased by 25% in rubles and 18% in packages.

There are two collagen brands on the market. Chronotron in the analyzed period showed the maximum growth in sales by 60.7%, products with collagen showed high dynamics - 58.8% in rubles. The demand for sodium hyaluronate products increased by 18.2%.

The leading positions are occupied by two products of MKNT Import. Flexotron provides more than 38% of sales in rubles, Chronotron - 11.6% of the market. The top three is closed by the Armaviskon trademark from Groteks with a 52% drop in sales^[1]

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