Layer hydraulic fracturing (GRP, fracking)

Hydraulic fracturing of layer (GRP) — one of methods of an intensification of work of oil, gas-condensate, gas wells and increase in acceleration performance of delivery wells. The method consists in creation of the high-carried-out crack in target layer for ensuring inflow of the got fluid (gas, water, condensate, oil or their mix) to a face of wells

After carrying out GRP the well output, as a rule, sharply increases. According to "RFK", on average in oil - by 3 times. The GRP method allows "recover" idle wells on which oil or gas production by traditional methods is already impossible or remunerative. Besides, the method is applied to development of new oil layers from which oil recovery by traditional methods unprofitably in view of the low received outputs.]]

Layer hydraulic fracturing (GRP, fracking) — formation of cracks in arrays gas - oil, water-saturated and other rocks under the influence of given to them under liquid pressure. Operation is performed in the well for increase in an output at the expense of the branched system of drainage received as a result of formation of extended cracks.

Implementation of hydraulic fracturings of layers on gas wells became possible with the advent of the pumping units providing the speed of downloading 3–4 CBM/min. with a pressure of 100 MPas.

When downloading to the well of working fluid with a high speed on its face high pressure is created. If it exceeds a horizontal component of mountain pressure, then the vertical crack is formed. In case of exceeding of mountain pressure the horizontal crack forms.

As working fluid, as a rule, use thickened liquids on a water or hydrocarbon basis. Together with working fluid download the fixing agent (sand or solid material of fraction of 0.5-1.5 mm) filling a crack and interfering its interlocking.

At use of thickened liquid due to decrease in its leaks in layer it is possible to lift bottomhole pressure at considerable reduction in the rate of downloading and due to its peskonesushchy capability to transport the fixing agent on all length of a crack.

The first-ever GRP is attributed to the Halliburton company which executed it in the USA in 1947. As gap liquid at that moment the service water, as the wedging agent — river sand was used.

Video: horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing of layer

Hydraulic fracturing in Russia

Hydraulic fracturing is the most widespread method of increase in productivity of wells on oil fields of Russia.

The number of operations GRP in Russia in 2015 grew by 6.3% in comparison with an indicator of 2014. The oil production gain using GRP made in Russia in 2015 13.4 million tons that 1.5% more indicator ^[1]

The cost of services in carrying out GRP in Russia is on average estimated at 1 bln. dollars a year. So, in 2015 the market of GRP in value term was estimated at 0.93 bln. dollars that is 4.5% more than an indicator of 2014.

It should be noted that the Russian market of GRP increases as in connection with expansion of use of operations on hydraulic fracturing on new wells, and as a result of the aspiration to lift at the expense of GRP outputs on the passing well stock. In other words, the Russian market of GRP grows mainly because of the worsening quality of the developed resources.

For GRP it is possible to carry foreign companies Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, Weatherford, Halliburton, Stewart & Stevenson and CalFrac and also the domestic companies to the main equipment manufacturers - Consortium "RFK", Trust-Engineering LLC and Integra Group.

JSC Borovichi Plant of Refractory Materials, Fores LLC, Three-mountain Ceramic Plant LLC and Karbo Keramiks (Eurasia) LLC treat the main producers of pro-punts for GRP.

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