Mobile phone

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History

1973: First U.S. mobile call

Motorola has released the world's first commercial portable cellular phone. The DynaTAC 8000X device, which spent more than 100 million USD, has been in development for 15 years. The phone weighed 794 grams. The battery charge was enough for 8 hours of standby or one hour of talk time. In retail, the phone cost 3995 USD.

The first mobile call in the United States was made on April 3, 1973. Motorola's Martin Cooper called a competitor at Bell Labs.

Motorola Vice President John Mitchel demonstrates the DynaTAC radiotelephone in New York, 1973.

1957: First Soviet mobile phone

Soviet mobile phone Altai AS-3M

Engineer L.I. Kupriyanovich from Moscow in 1957 created and publicly demonstrated the first experienced portable mobile phone LK-1 a weight of 3 kg, a range of 20-30 km and a battery life of 20-30 hours and a base station for it. The solutions of the apparatus are patented (a.s. 115494 from 1.11.1957). Already in 1958, simultaneously with the Americans, the development of its own mobile communication system was launched at the Voronezh Research Institute of Communications (VNIIS (All-Russian Research Institute of Certification)). Work on antenna systems was carried out at the Moscow State Specialized Design Institute (MGSPI) under the leadership of the same Kupriyanovich. And engineers from Leningrad, Belarus, Moldova also worked on other components of the unique product at that time - automatic mobile communications. The result of the joint work was the fully functional Altai apparatus installed in the cars of the party elite.

The phone had full duplex communication, dialing was made using a push-button keyboard, although the first samples used a disk dialer. In those years, only 16 channel base stations were used in Soviet cities, but these capacities were enough to meet the mobile needs of the communist elite. For communication, a 150-megahertz range was used, and antennas placed on the roofs of high-rise buildings gave coverage with a radius of up to 70 kilometers. Industrial production of the first devices began in 1963 and by the 1970s more than thirty Soviet cities were covered by elite mobile communications. It is worth noting that a similar project was conducted in the United States, but, as far as we know, the first cellular network appeared there only in 1969. It is worth noting that in the Soviet development already at that time a "advanced" possibility of holding a conference call was introduced.

In addition, there was a hierarchy of users, different groups had different privileges. For example, the party elite with the highest powers could "reset" the conversations of lower ranks if their line was busy when trying to make a call. While some could only call local numbers, others had access to long-distance and international communications. Later, in the late 70s, a new, less dimensional model of the Soviet mobile appeared. This device could already fit between passenger seats, and not in the trunk of the car.