ROM
ROM (read only memory) is the standard of a memory device where data can only be stored and it is impossible to change them. Still this type of memory is called non-volatile as data can be stored in it also after power off. Therefore programs of start of the computer (BIOS) should be stored in ROM.
Despite this ROM and RAM of a concept not opposite and a part of an address space of RAM is taken away for the software which starts the operating system. The BIOS code is stored both in chips of ROM, and on payments of adapters and contains basic programs of input-output and drivers which should be activated in loading process.
On modern computers re-recorded Flash-memory is even more often used really non-volatile and, besides. It received the name an electronic and reprogrammable fixed memory (EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory). This type of memory allows to modify ROM and other components easily.
See Also
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