Short history of biometrics
Sources of biometric technologies is much more ancient, than it is possible to assume on their futuristic image. Still creators of Great Pyramids in Ancient Egypt recognized advantages of identification of workers on in advance written corporal characteristics. Egyptians obviously outstripped the time as during the subsequent four thousand years in this area practically nothing new occurred. Only at the end of the 19th century systems using fingerprints and other physical characteristics for identification of people began to appear. For example, in 1880 Henry Faulds, the Scottish doctor living in Japan published the reflections about variety and uniqueness of fingerprints, and assumed that they can be used for identification of criminals. In 1900 so considerable work as a classification system of fingerprints of Galton-Henry was published.
The directory of biometric technologies and projects is available on TAdviser.
Except for several separate works on uniqueness of an iridescent retina (on the basis of which first working technology was provided in 1985), biometric technologies practically did not develop till 1960th years when brothers Miller in the State of New Jersey (USA) started implementation of the device which was automatically measuring length of fingers of the person. In the late sixties and the 70th years technologies of identification for a voice and the signature were also developed.
After that to similar developments there was an interest from representatives of armed forces and intelligence of the USA, but only at the beginning of the 21st century, especially after September 11, 2001, the biometrics escaped for a framework of the specialized industries and reached that level of excessive demand which is observed today.
Identification of the personality using biometric technologies – the perspective and developing direction. Biometric information is unique (even at identical twins fingerprints differ), it cannot be forgotten or lost, and, besides, presentation of such information requires physical presence of its carrier, i.e. the person. Therefore the biometric component is even more often used as an element of the modern control systems of access making increased requirements to security.
The version biometric technology - dactyloscopy is most popular.
Identification on fingerprints
According to data of Acuity Market Intelligence company provides data that in 2010 this technology is applied by more than 70% of the companies in the world market of biometric technologies in the research and in the short term (5–7 years) they will save a dominant position.
The following step on demand is occupied by technologies of identification for outlines of the person (13.7%), however it is possible that further the systems of identification on an iris of the eye of eyes from present modest 7% by 2017 can win a share in 18.8%.
The popularity of identification on fingerprints is caused by an optimal ratio of accuracy, reliability, speed of identification and cost of ownership where acquisition and operation of a system will enter.
Competitors of developers of dactyloscopic technologies do not stand still. For example, not so long ago in the market readers on capillaries of fingers appeared. The drawing of capillaries is also unique, and the cost of the equipment is quite comparable to fingerprint scanners.
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