Supercomputers (operating systems)
Statistics shows: more than 90% of the most powerful computers in the world still work under management * nix-systems. According to the next rating of the most productive supercomputers of the planet, the absolute majority of the systems which were included in the list uses Linux or different variations of Unix-like OS.
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Main article: Supercomputers
2017: Total domination of Linux
By November, 2017 all leading supercomputers work on the Linux operating system. Top500 given rating which is updated every two years demonstrate to it and includes 500 known computing systems most powerful socially in the world.
Two did not get to edition of the list of November, 2017 only supercomputer not on Linux which entered before rating. It is about the Chinese systems on servers IBM Power Systems and Unix- the platform AIX.
Distribution by the Linux distribution kits the following (in brackets indicated value from the previous edition of rating):
- 53.4% (58.8%) do not detail a distribution kit;
- 21.8% (16.6%) use CentOS;
- 9,2% (8,6%) — Cray Linux;
- 4,2% (4,2%) — SUSE;
- 4,4% (3,4%) — RHEL;
- 1,4% (1,2%) — Ubuntu Linux;
- 0,8% (0,8%) — Scientific Linux.
By November, 2017 all 500 most productive supercomputers in the world are controlled different versions of Linux. Machines from this OS for the first time appeared in rating in 1998, and in the 2003rd they gained the lead Top500, notes the ZDNet edition.
Since 2010 the top ten of supercomputers is provided only by solutions based on Linux. Since the same moment the operating system began to cover more than 90% of the machines entering rating.
The Linux Foundation organization says that total domination of Linux in the market of supercomputers can be explained two main with factors. First, scientists can optimize and modify the source code Linux for the specific device. Secondly, use of Linux in supercomputers is financially profitable solution as the licensing cost of the custom distribution is identical to any computers.
 | Became Linux the driver of outstanding technical achievements regarding the computing power which stimulated a research and development of innovations — note in The Linux Foundation.[1] |  |
2012: 462 of 500 largest supercomputers work at Linux
Top-500, the list of the most powerful supercomputers of the world which is renewed twice a year steadily shows superiority of Linux in the field of the high-performance systems. According to the last rating, for June, 2012 462 of 500 fastest computers of the planet work under Linux.
Sequoia — the IBM BlueGene/Q system installed in Livermore National Laboratory of Lawrence, the USA became the winner of Top-500 on performance this time. The computing cluster from from 98,034 nodes uses Compute Node Linux — assembly of Linux for Cray series supercomputers and also Red Hat Enterprise Linux for input-output processing.
Using 1,572,864 cores of Sequoia showed speed in 16.32 Pflops in the Linpack test. The supercomputer of Livermore laboratory is capable to process 16.32 quadrillion transactions with a floating point per second. Sequoia also set up a record on energy saving: the power consumed by it is only 7.9 megawatts.
Sequoia pressed from the first place of the leader of October, 2011, K Computer from the Japanese company Fujitsu. The supercomputer installed at RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science institute in Kobe, Japan in 2011 became the first rule which stepped a high-speed performance boundary of 10 Pflops. As OS the Japanese computing giant uses the adapted assembly of Linux.
According to the statistics Top-500, the adapted assemblies of Linux are applied on the vast majority of supercomputers (414 systems). Also commercial distribution kits of open OS have a certain popularity: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 is applied on 11 systems, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 — on 8, and Cray Linux — on 7.
Among other OS positions were distributed as follows: 25 supercomputers from 500 use OS of the Unix family among which AIX — the closed Unix-like OS developed by IBM (22 systems) has the greatest popularity. The least popular were BSD and OpenSolaris, each of which is applied only on one system.
The situation, thus, turned back in opposite direction in comparison with statistics of ten-year prescription when 99.4% of supercomputers worked running Unix. Linux which began the ascension to Tjg-500 top in 2003 when under it 184 supercomputers from 500 worked firmly reached now position of the most preferable OS for high-performance computer systems.
As for Windows, engineers of only 2 systems gave to a product of Microsoft preference that is a step backwards in comparison even with last year when there was 4 Windows supercomputers. Running Windows HPC 2008 the Chinese Magic Cube supercomputer which took the 94th place on performance works. The second computer under this OS — the Australian CSIRO GPU Cluster — was located in Top-500 at number 156.
Notes
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