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NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. is the largest stock exchange company in the world. It serves trading and exchange technologies from companies on six continents with more than 3,600 registered enterprises. NASDAQ OMX offers a variety of capital raising solutions for companies around the world, including U.S. registered companies, NASDAQ OMX Nordic, NASDAQ OMX Baltic, NASDAQ OMX First North, and 14A.
The company offers trading services for several asset classes, including securities, derivatives, debt, commodities, structured products and exchange-traded funds. NASDAQ OMX technology provides more than 70 exchanges, clearing organizations and central depositories in more than 50 countries. NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic are not legal entities, but this group includes exchanges in Helsinki, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Iceland, Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius.
NASDAQ OMX processes every tenth transaction made on the global market, and its global platform is considered the fastest on our planet: it can transmit more than a million messages per second, with the delivery of each message taking less than 100 microseconds. More than 2,600 options are traded on the NASDAQ OMX PHLX exchange, and together with the NASDAQ Options Market, it occupies about 27 percent of the entire American securities options market (2012 data).
History
2022: Stop trading in shares of several Russian companies
At the end of February 2022, the American exchanges Nasdaq and NYSE stopped trading in Yandex, Ozon, MTS, Mechel and Cian.ru of shares after the introduction of US sanctions against Russia.
According to The Wall Street Journal, citing sources familiar with the situation, the stop is temporary - until regulatory experts at the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq clarify all the terms of the sanctions. At the same time, we are talking about delisting - the exclusion of securities from the list of instruments admitted to trading - is not yet, the publication says.
For five days since the start of the special operation of Russia, Yandex shares on the American stock exchange fell 1.5 times, to $18.94 apiece, Ozon - by a third, to $11.6, MTS - by 16%, to $5.5, Cian.ru - by 46%, to $3.4.
Online retailer Ozon was among the first to comment on the suspension of trading in its securities. His representatives were quick to assure that the current anti-Russian sanctions do not directly affect Ozon's business.
 | Ozon Holdings PLC is currently not subject to any sanctions. Ozon also notes that there are no regulatory restrictions on the ability of individuals from the United States to purchase and trade Ozon securities, and non-US citizens are not exposed to any secondary US sanctions risks in connection with such transactions, Ozon said in an official statement. |  |
The company notes that it conducts operations mainly in Russia: it accounts for more than 95% of turnover (GMV, including services). More than 90% of marketplace buyers are also in Russia. They retain their previous ability to shop and sell through the Ozon platform.
The company adds that it may be indirectly affected by sanctions, especially if they have a prolonged impact on the economy of the Russian Federation - this can significantly affect activity on the site.[1]
2021
In second place among the largest exchanges in the world in terms of capitalization of listed securities
Nasdaq beat NYSE in IPO volume
From January to December 8, 2021, initial public offerings of company shares worth $191.38 billion were held on the Nasdaq exchange, and on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) - $109.25 billion. This is evidenced by data from Dealogic analysts.
In the last couple of decades until 2019, with the exception of several years during the dot-com bubble, the NYSE took the lead in IPO. By December in 2021, 686 companies were registered on the Nasdaq, and 265 companies on the NYSE. The excitement at Nasdaq was caused by a number of high-profile stock market debuts, including the debut of Amazon-backed electric car manufacturer Rivian Automotive, the largest IPO of the year.
Of the raised capital SPACs , IPO accounted for $96.76 billion, while traditional IPOs raised $94.63 billion. At NYSE, these figures amounted to $56.27 billion and $52.9 billion, respectively.
According to Nasdaq, the exchange is approaching the end of the year with the largest number of listings on US exchanges in 20 years - 4,133 operating companies, SPACs and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). This figure exceeds the mark of 2001, when the exchange placed 4,109 listings on the exchange.
According to Dealogic, taking into account several weeks before the end of 2021, the volume of IPO in the United States in 2021 amounted to $301.26 billion, which surpassed last year's record of $168 billion.
Both the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Exchange receive revenue from commission fees from companies that place their shares on trading floors. For example, Nasdaq is a more affordable platform for companies due to a low commission - $159 thousand annual fee for the number of securities issued.
The commission on the New York Stock Exchange is $500 thousand. The leaders of the New York Stock Exchange believe that it is wrong to judge the results of the platform only on the basis of income received from the IPO.[2]
Launch company to trade shares of companies before their IPO
On July 21, 2021, it became known that the Nasdaq exchange entered into an agreement with large American banks, including Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, to develop its platform that allows people to trade shares of private companies that enjoy great interest from investors seeking high returns on investments. More details here.
2020
6 Nasdaq 100 companies occupy about 49 percent of the index's total capitalization
For the first time in history, the Nasdaq index reached 10,000 points
Record number of transactions
In June 2020, more than 6 billion shares of various companies were sold on Nasdaq within three days.
This is an absolute record for the entire existence of the exchange.
Tighter IPO rules to deter Chinese companies
On May 19, 2020, it became known about the decision of the US Nasdaq exchange to introduce new rules for the initial offering of shares - a step that will make it difficult for some Chinese companies to conduct an IPO on this site and continue the economic confrontation between the two powers.
The new rules will require companies from some countries, including China, to raise at least $25 million in IPOs or, alternatively, at least a quarter of their market capitalization determined by the results of the offering of shares.
Nasdaq does not plan to explicitly mention Chinese companies in its innovation, but the changes are largely dictated by concerns about some Chinese IPO applicants' lack of accounting transparency and close ties with influential insiders.
So, in April 2020, the Chinese coffee chain Luckin Coffee, which placed shares on Nasdaq in 2019, announced that, according to an internal investigation, it was found that the company's chief financial officer, in collusion with other employees, fabricated sales transactions.
Nasdaq sets the minimum IPO size value for the first time. This change would prevent some Chinese companies currently listed on the stock exchange from becoming public. According to Refinitiv, of the 155 Chinese companies listed on the exchange since 2000, 40 raised less than $25 million under the IPO.
In 2019, Nasdaq has already imposed some restrictions, seeking to limit the IPO of small Chinese firms. Their shares often trade poorly, as most remain in the hands of several insiders. Their low liquidity makes them unattractive to the many large institutional investors the exchange seeks to please.[3]
2017: Computer failure
On July 3, 2017, the Nasdaq exchange announced that due to "incorrectly" processed data, it seemed that shares of Apple, Amazon and Google collapsed.
Popular financial services Google Finance and Yahoo Finance showed the same share value of all three companies - $123.47. Thus, for Amazon, this would mean a decrease in value by 87%, while in fact the fall was only 1.5%, and the value of the shares was held at $953.66.
The Nasdaq officially stated that "third parties erroneously distributed the data, and this has nothing to do with Nasdaq."
Nasdaq representatives also noted that all data were received by 5:16 p.m., as expected due to early market closures.
| | Any data obtained after 17:16 shall be considered test data not related to direct data from the recipient databases. The system of admission of securities (UTP) registered at least on one of the exchanges extended the request to all third parties to return to official Nasdaq prices at the time of the exchange's closure at 17:16, the exchange said. | |
The publication MarketWatch reported a significant increase in traffic on the site, as excited investors tried to find out what happened after trading.
The mistake could have arisen due to the fact that Monday's bidding did not last all day, which is associated with the celebration of Independence Day in the United States, writes the Financial Times.
At 10 a.m. Tuesday, July 4, an entry from Nasdaq appeared on Twitter, convincing all investors that work was underway with third-party vendors to resolve the situation as quickly as possible.[4]
2013: Nasdaq agrees to pay $10 million for failures during Facebook stock offering
USA The Nasdaq Exchange managed to pay $10 million in exchange for the demolition of subsidies from the Construction Commission for Price Bonds and Exchange. This is the most painful amount of all the cohorts and fans in cooperation with the commission.
Due to the failure of the Nasdaq at the end of the year during the review of Facebook shares, which took place in May, there were more than 30 thousand total turnouts. Failures, as a result of the situation, were a significant error in the promotion of the actions, which was not the case with the reanimation of those who were not present in the event of a fall and fall. Though before crossing of applications at the exchange found discrepancy between estimated prices and volume of applications and the actual volumes in the system of Nasdaq, due measures for correction of mistakes it was not undertaken, it is said in the statement of Securities and Exchange Commission. Russian exchanges have experienced a number of untrue rehearsals. In particular, at an emergency meeting they decided not to postpone the beginning of a secondary trading in shares of Facebook, considering that the problem in the trading system was solved. It obzy, Nasdaq violated own rules of the auction that, in turn, was violation of the law.
2012: NASDAQ Goes to Cloud
NASDAQ entered into an agreement with Amazon to transfer brokerage information to the cloud space of an Internet company, Bloomberg reported on September 26, 2012.
The exchange company plans to transfer to the cloud data and other information of an archival nature, the preservation of which is required by the US regulatory services. NASDAQ believes that in this way brokers will get rid of the need to create their own data centers.
All information will be encrypted in accordance with the requirements of the exchange.
According to the contract, Amazon's Web Services division will provide technology infrastructure and data center management. The service provider will be FinQloud.
Brokers will pay for the new service in accordance with the amount of data stored (per gigabyte - approx. Ed.). The cloud can store not only bidder information, but also any other data.
It is also planned to use the cloud service as a router for broker requests to other US markets.
Amazon expects to be able to offer customers additional data storage and processing services in the cloud, and NASDAQ plans that innovations will attract new companies and thereby increase profits from exchange services.
Amazon claims that the transition to the cloud will significantly reduce the cost of storing and processing data, and in the longer term - reduce the exchange's costs of operating IT systems.
NASDAQ is confident that new technology services will help offset the decline in trading revenue. Thus, the exchange's profit in the 2nd quarter of 2012 increased by 2.2% to $424 million, which is higher than the weighted average forecast of analysts.
2010: Hackers infiltrated Nasdaq
Throughout 2010, hackers at least several times gained access to the Nasdaq exchange's Internet service, created for issuing companies to safely exchange confidential information, the Wall Street Journal reports.
The attackers managed to gain access to the Directors Desk service, in which more than 10 thousand users are registered, exchanging strategic information about more than 300 enterprises in the world. Accessing it, attackers did not manipulate or download information. The electronic trading platform itself also did not suffer from their actions.
Investigators are currently trying to establish the motives for the crime, considering, in particular, versions of obtaining insider information for the profitable sale of securities, theft of commercial secrets and the failure of the exchange itself, which would be a national threat to the United States.
The US Secret Service, a federal agency subordinate to the National Security Agency, began investigating the incident last year. Later, the FBI also joined him. Nasdaq OMX Group, the Nasdaq computer network manager, confirmed the hack - immediately after the publication of the article in the WSJ.
According to preliminary data, the attacks came from Russia, but this should not necessarily mean that Russian hackers are behind them. It is possible that users' computers themselves were compromised, while the initiators of the attacks were in other countries. According to experts, hackers did not steal any information, but only conducted intelligence, which is standard practice.
According to official information, Nasdaq is the world's largest exchange for high-tech companies with a total capitalization of $1.8 trillion. It, for example, quotes shares of Apple, Google, Microsoft, IBM and Oracle.
Notes
Stock price dynamics
| Ticker company on the exchange: | NASDAQ:NDAQ |
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