Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore

History

The Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore is one of the oldest in Siberia. The date of its creation is considered June 8, 1878, when the Minister of Internal Affairs, Adjutant General A. E. Timashev, approved the "Regulation on the West Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society," according to which a museum was established at the department, the first in the Omsk region. At the origins of its creation were outstanding scientists, travelers, researchers of Siberia and Asia I.F. Babkov, G.E. Katanaev, M.V. Pevtsov, I.Ya. Slovtsov, N.M. Yadrintsev. A special role in the creation of the department, and then the museum, was played by the Governor-General of Western Siberia N. G. Kaznakov, who provided significant support at first of its existence. During these years, the formation of the first collections of the museum took place, mainly due to expeditionary fees of ZSOIRGO members and voluntary donations. The collection of funds took place in two main areas, characterizing the scientific interests of the members of the department. On the one hand, these were geological, mineralogical, botanical and zoological collections, on the other, archaeological and ethnographic collections. The expeditionary activities of ZSOIRGO in the first decades were at a fairly high level. The report on the 50-year activities of the Department noted, for example, that during this time he organized and took part in the organization of about 150 expeditions and trips for scientific purposes in Siberia, Altai, Kazakhstan, East Asia.

A significant contribution to the formation and study of museum collections at the first stage, in addition to the scientists already mentioned above, was made by M.V. and S.P. Shvetsov, P.G. Ignatov, I.M. Rozonoer, N. Kudrin, A.N. Sedelnikov and others. At the same time, the first attempts were made to catalog museum collections. So, in 1884, a commission was created to compile the catalog of the ZSORGO museum consisting of M.V. Pevtsov, M.A. Vodianikov and V.A. Lebedinsky.

• In 1902, this work was continued by A.N. Sedelnikov. S.P. Shvetsov was engaged in the description of the ethnographic collection at the beginning of the century. In 1911, the museum published systematic catalogs of fish and reptiles. In 1913, according to the results of the expedition of S.P. Shvetsov to Altai, the museum publishes an ethnographic catalog on black Tatars, which has not yet lost its scientific significance.
• From the first years of its existence, the ZSOIRGO museum actively participated in exhibition activities. In 1879, the museum took part in the Anthropological Exhibition in Moscow, presenting a collection of cultural objects of Selkups and Khants. In 1887, the exhibits of the ZSORGO museum were exhibited at the Siberian-Ural Scientific and Industrial Exhibition in Yekaterinburg. The delegate from ZSORGO was I. Ya. Slovtsov. In 1896, the museum participated in the All-Russian Art and Industrial Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod.

• For participation in the exhibition, the museum was awarded a diploma of the first degree, as well as a letter of thanks and congratulations from the vice-chairman of the Russian Geographical Society, Senator P.P. Semenov. Thanks to the museum's participation in this exhibition, its funds were replenished with many new exhibits. In 1900, the ZSOIRGO Museum participated in the Paris World Exhibition, and in 1902 took part in the International Costume Exhibition in St. Petersburg.
• In 1911, the museum took an active part in the First West Siberian Agricultural, Forestry and Commercial and Industrial Exhibition held in Omsk.
• The next stage in the history of the museum dates back to 1923-1980. On January 23, 1923, by order of the authorized People's Commissariat for Siberia, the West Siberian Museum was withdrawn from the ZSORGO and transferred to the Omsk GubONO. Since that time, it has been an independent museum of local lore.
• For the first decade, the museum was called the West Siberian Territory, and with the formation of the Omsk Region in 1934 it became known as the Omsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. The first years of the museum's independent existence coincided with the so-called "golden decade" of Russian local history. At this time, the museum rightfully becomes the center of local history work in Omsk. In the 1920s, the Omsk Society of Local Lore, a branch of the Philatelist Society were created at the West Siberian Regional Museum, local history courses and a school were organized, circles of young local historians operated, a library inherited from ZSOIRGO began to work. In April 1923, by a resolution of the provincial executive committee, the Governor General's Palace with all the outbuildings was transferred to him. In 1924, the art department opened on the second floor of the new museum building. The initiator of its creation was the director of the regional museum F.V. Melekhin. Objects of painting and arts and crafts were transferred from the State Museum Fund, as well as from the capital's museums - Russian, Fine Arts, Rumyantsevsky.
• In 1937, after the resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On the reorganization of local history work in the center and in the field," the Omsk Bureau of Local Lore, which had previously merged the Omsk Society of Local Lore, the Department of the Geographical Society and the Omsk Bureau of the Society for the Study of Siberia, was liquidated. Since that time, all the work on the study of the region was entrusted to lead the Omsk Museum of Local Lore. However, the defeat of the amateur local history movement could not but affect the activities of the museum, which always relied on wide masses of connoisseurs of the history and nature of the region. Gradually, research work began to be sidelined. The main direction in the work of the museum was exposition and exhibition activities, which had a certain ideological orientation.
• Yet the museum's scientific research has not stopped. They were associated in the late 1930s and early 1950s, undoubtedly with the names of A.F. Palashenkov and S.R. Laptev. The activities of the famous Omsk local historian A.F. Palashenkov, who headed the museum in 1943-1957, should be stopped separately. While still a researcher, A.F. Palashenkov in the pre-war years carried out the accounting and certification of historical and revolutionary monuments in the Omsk region, examined the Tobolsk Kremlin, and carried out two archaeological expeditions. During the Great Patriotic War, together with the museum staff, he ensured the safety of museum collections evacuated to Omsk from Moscow, Vologda, Novgorod. In the post-war years, at the initiative of A.F. Palashenkov, a museum of a Siberian gardener was opened
• P.S. Komissarova - in 1950 and the Maryanov Fighting Museum - in 1953.
• In the 1960s - the first half of the 1970s, expeditionary and research activities in the museum essentially ceased. During these years, museums were considered primarily as ideological outposts designed to form a Marxist-Leninist worldview. The names of the exhibitions held during these years in the museum speak for themselves: "V. I. Lenin in Siberia," "Ideological sabotage of imperialism," "They were the first (portrait gallery of the Bolsheviks)," "Omsk Soviet," "For Lenin's attitude to nature," etc.
• Since 1980, a new stage in the history of the museum begins, which lasted until the end of 1992. At this time, a museum association was created in the Omsk region, called the State United Historical and Literary Museum. The initiator of its creation was the director of the museum Yu. A. Makarov. The association, along with the head museum of local lore, also included the V.V. Kuibyshev Museum, the F.M. Dostoevsky Literary Museum, the Omsk Museum of Military Glory and several local history museums in the district centers of the Omsk Region.
• At the end of 1984, a new museum building was commissioned. This required hard work to develop and create a permanent historical exhibition. In 1990, it was completed. In 1989, the museum opened a new exhibition "Man and Nature," which worked for many years and invariably aroused interest among visitors.

• Museum staff also helped create expositions in district museums. Exhibition activity was also active during this period. In working with visitors in the early 1990s, new forms began to be introduced, for example, such as Christmas matinees, Christmas festivities, etc.
• In December 1992, by a resolution of the head of the administration of the Omsk region, the museum network was reorganized. By this decree, the museum association was disbanded, and the head museum was transformed into the Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore. Since that time, the modern stage in the history of the museum began.
• The main direction in his activities was and remains the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. Over the past fifteen years, the museum has carried out several major restoration projects. The Banner of the Siberian Cossack Army (1690), temple icons "Christ the Almighty" and "Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary" (1800), figures of lions "Shi-Tzu" (1848), a shell shirt of a Mongolian warrior (XVII century) were restored.
• Every year, museum collections are replenished with 2.5-3 thousand items. A significant role in this belongs to expeditionary fees. Every year, two or three expeditions travel to the regions of the Omsk region and adjacent territories. Day trips are widely practiced. As a rule, expeditions have as their goal the collection of ethnographic materials. As a result, in recent years, collections have been significantly replenished that characterize the material and spiritual culture of Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Siberian Tatars. The previously absent ethnographic collection of Russian Germans has been collected. The collection of materials about Moldavians, Chuvash, Mari and other peoples has begun. The biological collection is actively replenished.
• In recent years, special attention has been paid to the intensification of research work. The museum has entered the practice of studying collections by its experienced researchers. As a result, research was successfully conducted and is underway on the cataloging of the ethnographic collection, the fund of a rare book, collections of weapons, photo documents, personal archives, bons and coins, and painting. In 2003, with the support of federal and regional programs, the Comprehensive Automated Museum Information System (KAMIS- 2000) was introduced. With its use, the museum lays the foundations for operational scientific description, cataloging of objects and free access to information. On the basis of the museum, Internet portals "Museums of Siberia" and "Museums of the Omsk Region," several Internet catalogs, which are of constant interest to users, were created. Collections of scientific works are regularly published - "Izvestia of the Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore" and popular science almanacs - "Omsk local historian," regional and all-Russian scientific seminars and conferences are held. Museum publications have repeatedly become laureates of various competitions.
• Of course, one of the strengths of the museum is its effective exhibition and exhibition activities. In recent years, several major exhibition projects have been implemented, such as "The Return of the Siberian Shrine," "Deportation," "For Faith and Fidelity," "Kaleidoscope of Museum Collections," "Food for All Times," "From Century to Century," "Memory of Centuries in Museum Collections," "Revival. Eternal truths, "" Siberian capture. Ermak and the development of the Trans-Urals in the XVI-XVII centuries, "" Weapons: 90 centuries of development "and others, which received a wide public outcry. A re-exhibition of the hall of the nature department, the ethnographic exhibition "Asian Russia" was held. The museum fulfilled exhibition orders from Agrotrast, the Omsk City Council, the Omsk Regional Election Commission, and the Omsk Union of Entrepreneurs.
• Exhibitions of the OGIK Museum were exhibited in Geneva, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Zaporozhye, Novosibirsk, Tobolsk, Surgut and many other cities. Being a scientific and methodological center for museums of the region of historical profile, the OGIK museum pays great attention to scientific and methodological work with district and public museums. Over the years, guidelines have been published and seminars have been held for these museums; assistance is provided in the creation of new museums and expositions.
• Employees of the OGIK Museum prepared and published the first of its kind in Russia "Catalog of rare and valuable museum items of regional museums of the Omsk Region" and "Catalog. Ethnographic collections of district museums of the Omsk region. "
• Recently, systematic work with children has significantly intensified: the Children's Museum Center has been created, long-term programs are being developed by the excursion department; The regional youth scientific conference "Omsk Irtysh" and the regional intellectual game "Connoisseurs of Local Lore" are held annually. A new stage in working with the children's audience was the creation of the game exhibition "Old Fortress" with a zone of active games.
• Recently, the Sunday Family Club began to successfully work in the museum, designed to introduce a new site for the active recreation of the family into the socio-cultural space of the city by introducing an integrated cultural and educational program into the museum communication system using traditional museum technologies and means of artistic and aesthetic impact on the person.
• Major museum actions of urban significance "Night in the Museum," "Ivan Kupala," "City Day in the Museum," "Day of Knowledge" have become traditional. The Omsk group provides great support to the museum in their organization.
• At the modern stage, the museum solves traditional tasks designed to ensure replenishment, preservation and study of its collections. Despite the problems that are probably inherent in each museum to one degree or another, the Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore sets itself new goals and seeks to implement them.
• Let's dwell only on some projects that are most significant in our opinion, the implementation of which could not only diversify the museum landscape of our region, but also provide wide access to museum funds.
• In recent years, the biggest problem facing our museum remains the shortage of space for expositions and storage facilities. A recent analysis showed that there are about 500 museum items per 1 sq. meter of storage facilities in the museum. The problem can be solved in different ways.
• In recent years, storage facilities have been reconstructed to make better use of available spatial resources. As a result of the reconstruction of the basement, new exhibition halls were opened. This work continues. But it only reduces the severity of the situation to a small extent.
• The museum has long outgrown its building. This was largely due to our interest in new museum forms. Since 2004, the museum staff has been developing a project to create a historical and ethnographic open-air museum complex "Lyubino-Little Russians." The funds of the OGIK Museum have a rich, well-studied collection of archaeological, ethnographic, historical and everyday objects that reflect the material and spiritual culture of Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Kazakhs, many other ethnic groups living in the region. The museum staff has done preparatory work on the study of villages and natural objects of the territory proposed for museumification.
• In 2006-2009, complex expeditions were carried out to the Lyubinsky district, where it is planned to create a historical and ethnographic museum complex, as well as to the north of the Omsk region in the Tevriz and Ust-Ishim districts, where interesting objects of cultural heritage of the last century in their original form are still preserved. Materials were collected on the history of settlements, ethnography of the population, natural features of the area, a sociological survey of the population was conducted. Several hundred interesting historical and household items replenished the museum funds. Thus, the formation of collections of the future museum complex has begun.
• In 2006, on the basis of the OGIK Museum, an international scientific and practical seminar was held on the problem of creating the historical and ethnographic open-air museum complex "Lyubino-Little Russians." Among its participants were leading specialists in this field from Russia and Germany. As a result of the discussion of the problems, the participants of the seminar came to the opinion that over time it will become an important socio-cultural object of the region, where monuments of spiritual and material culture in the natural environment will be preserved and actively used. This will create favorable conditions for the development of tourism, recreation and leisure of residents of the region.
• Going outside the city of the leading museum in the region will allow him to solve the problem of a shortage of exhibition space; bring a significant part of the rural population of the Omsk region closer to itself; present to the guests of the region a unified picture of the multifaceted material and spiritual culture of peoples.
• In recent years, legal issues have been successfully resolved on the transfer of a building and 25 hectares of land for the museum complex. Currently, all the necessary prerequisites have been created for the start of this project. In the summer of 2009, on the territory of the museum complex being created, employees of the OGIK museum held an action "Ax Day." The holiday was aimed at drawing attention to the issue of the revival of traditional crafts, which are almost lost. The project partner is the Heritage of Siberia Historical Reconstruction Laboratory.

• Also, the museum staff developed and conducted a lecture program for the children's tent camp. The program included lectures, excursions on history, ethnography, the nature of the region.
• Another important and ambitious project is the "General Catalog of Museums of the Omsk Region." For the first time, the museum announced it at the international information congress "MIC-2004," held in Omsk in 2004. Currently, its implementation has become possible, the foundations of the electronic general catalog have been laid, the formation of an electronic database has begun. At the first stage, several municipal museums most prepared to solve such problems will be involved in the project. In the future, a consolidated, constantly replenished database of collections of Omsk museums with remote access will be created on the basis of the "Museums of the Omsk Region" server. This will ensure a wide introduction into the scientific and cultural circulation of the most valuable historical and cultural heritage of the Omsk region.
• In addition, the creation of a general catalog is an integral part of the conditions necessary to ensure the safety of museum values.
• In 2009, the museum staff began to develop a concept for the development of museum and tourism activities in the Omsk region. Museum and tourist resources of Bolsherechensky, Tarsky, Bolsheukovsky, Tyukalinsky, Sargatsky, Lyubinsky, Omsky, Maryanovsky, Isilkul districts have been studied. Meetings with heads of municipal departments of culture, employees of museums and other cultural institutions indicate the prospects of this area.

In accordance with the order of the Government of the Omsk Region of March 20, 2009 No. 37-rp "On the Reorganization of State Institutions of the Omsk Region in the Field of Culture," measures began related to the accession of the Museum Complex of Military Glory of Omsk to the OGIK Museum as a branch. The joint work of the two museums began to prepare for the celebration of the 65th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Scientific research, recruitment, propaganda of local history, the creation of modern exhibitions and expositions are the usual work of the museum team. Each historical period brings its own changes to its activities. But his main task remains unchanged - preserving the memory of past generations and transferring it to descendants.