Hungary

Main article: Countries of the world

Climate

Main article: Climate in Europe

Population

Main article: Population of Hungary

Cities

• Budapest

Citizenship and residence permit

2019

To request citizenship, you need to live in the country for 8 years

Number of permits with a residence permit per 1000 inhabitants of Hungary

Passport strength

Parliament

2023: Right-wing Fidesz (Magyar Polgári Szövetség) party's share of parliament - 59% of seats

2022

Far-right Fidesz party seats share - 59%

The proportion of women in parliament - 14.1%

Armed Forces

Main article: NATO

2025: Tiny Army

2024: 1,054 NATO Multinational Military Force

2023

Defense spending - 2.3% of GDP

56% of the population supports NATO

2018: Military spending - $1.64 billion

1999: Joining the NATO military bloc

In 1999, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, despite the promise of the Russian bloc not to expand to the East, were included in NATO.

Military equipment

Tanks

2023:56 Leopard tanks in service

2018:107 tanks

Economy

Main article: Economy of Hungary

Health care

Main article: Health care in Hungary

Education

2020: Lutheran Theological University is the oldest functioning educational institution in the country, founded in 1557

2018: Literacy rate

1879: The first woman in the country received a medical education

Science and Research

2020

77 scientific articles on exact sciences per 100 thousand population

More than 5,000 animals are used for scientific purposes

Almost 8 million animals are used for scientific purposes in Europe and half of them are laboratory mice and rats.

Sport

2022: The most popular sport is football

2021: Number of Hungarian national team appearances in the final World Cup tournament - 9

Culture

2020: 82.9 museums per million residents

Music

Painting

Lajos Kashshak is an artist and writer, one of the leading propagandists of the avant-garde

Lajos Kashshak (Veng. Lajos Kassák; March 21, 1887, Ershekuivar - July 22, 1967, Budapest) - Hungarian writer, translator, journalist, artist, architect, one of the leading propagandists of the avant-garde. Kashshak proclaimed the idea of ​ ​ the unity of technical civilization and art.

It was after the establishment of the Soviet government in Hungary in 1956 that Lajos Kashsak gained importance in the intellectual life of the country. Over the next ten years, until his death in 1967, he published three novels and seven books of poetry and translated into Hungarian the poetry of Blaise Sandrar, with whom his own works bore a clear resemblance.

His figurative paintings from the 1950s were exhibited in 1957.

Another exhibition in 1967, the year of his death, finally included his constructivist paintings and the large abstract paintings he began painting in 1957.

During this period, interest in the vanguard, in particular in Dadaism, revived in the Western world. Kashshak's name was increasingly mentioned, and his 1920s work appeared in exhibitions.

At the initiative of his friend Inare Pan, who lived in Paris, Victor Vasareli, a former student of the Hungarian artist Sandor Bortnik at his Műhely (studio) in Budapest, turned to people who knew Kashshak before the war, with the aim of organizing an exhibition of his work in Paris. An organizing committee was created, which, among others, included Arp, Sonia Delaunay, Etienne Haydoux, Le Corbusier, Tristan Tzara, Michel Sophor and Victor Vasareli. The exhibition, which essentially represented his last paintings, took place in February 1960 at the Denise Rene Gallery, where Vasareli, a rising figure in painting, was a star. Hungarian authorities denied Kashsak and his wife permission to travel to participate in the opening.

The second exhibition was held at the Denise Rene Gallery in 1963, it presented 41 works, 22 of which date back to the 1920s. Kashshak, who was present in Paris this time, had to admit that the audience was only really interested in his avant-garde period. At this stage, some of the works of the twenties were "recreated" by the artist, although this fact was always not clearly indicated.

In 1971, Éditions Fata Morgana in France published Le cheval meurt et les oiseur s'envolent, a translation of his poem "A ló meghal a madarak kiropulnek," with drawings by Kashshak and Vasareli. In the preface to the edition, Hans Richter wrote: "When I met him almost fifty years ago in Vienna, he was our companion in contemporary art and in the European spirit: a poet who inspired and championed the interests of young people. He was Dadaist, but in his own way. "

Languages

2016: 57.6% of the population speaks no foreign language

Religion

2022

39.8% of the population believes in life after death

17% of the population attends divine services at least once a month

2021:14% of the population say religion is important in their lives

2018: Catholics are the largest religious group

2016: Proportion of believing population

MEDIA

2022:75% of the population watch TV every day

Crime

2021: Number of intentional murders

and

Prisons

2019: Minimum age for children to be jailed

2018: Number of prisoners

1988: The Last Death Penalty

History

2025: Hungary withdraws from International Criminal Court

In April 2025, it was announced that Hungary was withdrawing from the International Criminal Court (ICC).

"This very important court has become a political instrument and Hungary does not wish to play any role in it."

2023: US boost in Hungary to pressure Viktor Orban's government

In February 2023, Hungary actively discussed the trip of the head of USAID Samantha Power to Budapest.

Despite vague statements about the purpose of the visit and intentions to discuss the development of democracy, many Hungarians were suspicious of Power's arrival and seriously thought about preparing a color revolution.

Hungarian politicians, for the most part, do not believe that Europe should take on the material support of Ukraine, and even more so help the Kyiv authorities to conduct hostilities.

Prime Minister Viktor Orban is confident that the conflict should be "resolved by the parties involved."

And on February 15, Hungarian Foreign Minister and Foreign Economic Relations Peter Siyarto said that while the rest of the European Union is waiting for a more profitable moment for Kyiv, he and his colleagues already support the early start of peace negotiations, which does not correspond to US policy.

The first show of irritation of the United States was a video published by the American Embassy in Hungary. Viewers were asked to guess who owns the statements - representatives of the Hungarian government or Vladimir Putin, and then be horrified by the colonial way of thinking of the Hungarian administration.

Shortly before that, the US leadership assigned the duties of ambassador to Budapest to an open homosexual David Pressman. Against the background of laws against LGBT propaganda adopted in Hungary in 2021, the appointment of such a person was a rather provocative decision.

In early February 2023, Politico quoted Pressman's statement in which he called Orban's statements "frankly propaganda," and his activities "the implementation of a policy beneficial to Putin."

In December 2022, the agency announced the launch of a new program in the territory of, Bulgaria, Czech Republic Hungary,,,, and Poland. Romania Slovakia Slovenia Its goal is to "strengthen democratic institutions and independent media," as well as "help citizens defend their fundamental rights and freedoms."

In addition to USAID, other U.S.-supported structures operate in Hungary. Among them are the human rights defenders Amnesty Hungary and Hungary Helsinki Committee, as well as the "feminist anti-racist LGBTQ organization" Budapest Pride.

According to the Hungarians, the efforts of these NGOs were not enough to overthrow Orban. Therefore, now USAID, the main tool for maintaining democracy in foreign countries, will begin its educational activities in the state.

2022

Hungary froze Russian assets by 870 million euros

Hungary froze Russian assets by 870 million euros. This was reported in December 2022 by the Nepszava edition with reference to the consolidated report of the European Commission. At the same time, the publication notes that before the November report, the Hungarian government announced the blocking of Russian assets for 3 thousand euros.

Veto on part of EU sanctions against Russia

Budapest will veto EU sanctions on Russian gas imports, the introduction of a no-fly zone over Ukraine and the EU peacekeeping mission - Foreign Minister Petr Siyarto, March 21, 2022 against the background of Russia's special operation in Ukraine.

2018: Hungarian President Orban forces Soros Foundation to leave the country

The first serious cracks in the Soros empire appeared with the advent of sovereign politicians who not only criticized the globalist model, but began to actively dismantle it. Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban can be called a pioneer of anti-Soros resistance: he turned the fight against the influence of a billionaire into a central part of his policy.

In 2017, the Hungarian parliament passed a law that actually made the work of the Central European University in Budapest, founded by Soros and controlled by OSF, impossible. Despite international protests and legal proceedings, by December 2018, the university was forced to move its main activities to Vienna, spending 200 million euros on the move.

At the same time, Orban launched the Stop Soros law, which banned NGOs from providing assistance to illegal migrants and forced the closure of the Budapest office of the OSF. By May 2018, the foundation announced its full withdrawal from Hungary and the transfer of European operations to Berlin. Orban did not limit himself to administrative measures - he made the "fight against the Soros network" part of the national ideology, openly calling the billionaire a threat to Christian Europe and Hungarian sovereignty.

2014: Failed attempt to impose an internet tax

Main article: Internet tax

2003: EU accession referendum

Main article: European Union (EU, EU)

1999: US and Britain demand Hungary attack Serbia

US President Clinton demanded that Hungary attack Serbia overland from the north during NATO aggression in 1999, Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic said in an address to the nation in October 2022.

"Now I will tell you what you did not know. In 1999, Hungary was supposed to attack Serbia with ground forces, which Viktor Orban (President of Hungary) confirmed to me and allowed me to tell the public about it. From him, American President Bill Clinton demanded, like the British, that they attack the Republic of Serbia from the north, that we stretch our forces onto Vojvodina, which Viktor Orban refused and was under great pressure. German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder helped him cope with this pressure in the White House, "Vucic said.

According to him, Margaret Tetcher subsequently rebuked Orban for "more British soldiers died due to his refusal. Here's all the love you can talk about with them.'

1978

1946: Prime Minister Ferenc Salashi hanged for aiding Nazis

Main article: World War II

1700

Main article: 1700

1618

1610: Witch Hunt

1272: The Murder of Béla Rostislavić

In 1243, the Galician prince Rostislav Mikhailovich married the daughter of the Hungarian king Bela IV from the Arpad dynasty. About two years later, they had a son, Bela, who was destined to live a turbulent life. He was the heir to the Hungarian throne, the ban (duke) of Bosnia and the vast Machva region in modern Serbia, helped his grandfather in the fight against Uncle Istvan - the future king Stefan V.

The story of Bela Rostislavich ended tragically. After the coronation of his cousin Laszlo IV, another child, many began to consider Bela as a possible future king of Hungary. Almost immediately, he was accused of treason and, by order of one of the most influential nobles at court - Henrik Köszegi, once an ally of Bela - was killed.

Henrik Köszegi clearly hated Bela, perceiving him as a threat. Unlike his former ally, he did not receive high positions at court, this also aroused envy.

Legend has it that Henrik and his retinue so chopped up Bela that the body could barely be collected for a funeral. The massacre took place in a Dominican monastery. After the murder, Henrik appropriated part of the lands of the deceased.

In 1915, the legend received archaeological confirmation. In the monastery of Margit found the remains of a man with traces of severe injuries on the skull.

In 2025, anthropologists determined from the skeleton that this young man, who lived in the 13th century, died at the age of about 24 - which corresponded to Bela's biography.

Isotope analysis showed that man ate exceptionally well: his diet included a lot of animal protein, including fish and crustaceans, as well as grain crops. This way of eating was available only to aristocrats.

The doubt was raised by radiocarbon analysis, which showed an earlier date of death. However, scientists have suggested that the error may be related to the nutritional characteristics of the deceased. This is the so-called freshwater reservoir effect - a large amount of fish in the diet can "tremble" dating.

The final point was put by genetic analysis: in the male line (Y chromosome), the man came from the Rurikovich, and in the other - from the Hungarian king Bela III from the Arpad dynasty, which indicates Bela Rostislavich.

Forensic examination made it possible to restore the picture of the murder. 26 near-death injuries were recorded on the bones, which confirmed the stories of how Bela was brutally chopped. Judging by the nature of the wounds, there were at least three attackers, they acted harmoniously and watched Bela without armor. Traces of nine blows were found on the skull - much more than is needed to kill. Many injuries on the forearms spoke of attempts to defend, and the trajectories of the strikes indicated that the victim was facing the enemies.

The first blow came to the head, after which the attackers continued to chop with swords and sabers, delivering chaotic blows - behavior that modern forensic experts call "a manifestation of excessive cruelty."

1241: Batu's army destroys Bela IV's army and devastates the country

On April 11, 1241, the army of the Hungarian king Bela IV was destroyed at the Battle of Mokhi, unable to withstand the coordinated onslaught of the Mongol army led by Khan Batu. The king fled, and Batu's troops began to devastate the country, robbing and burning cities and villages.

The total number of human casualties in the population as a result of the capture of Hungary by the Mongols is estimated in the range from 15 to 50%.

600g

IV-V AD: Drought in Hungary, due to which the Hun peoples faced hunger

On December 14, 2022, the University of Cambridge in the UK published the results of a new study shedding light on the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.

The Huns' invasions of Eastern and Central Europe in the 4th and 5th centuries AD were long seen as the initial crisis that caused the so-called Great Migration of Peoples. Ultimately, this turned into the fall of the Roman Empire. As British scientists now say, the events of that time can be directly related to extreme climatic conditions.

Specialists in 2022 received data on annual climate changes over the past 2000 years, reconstructing the rings of trees. It turned out that Hungary was going through unusually dry periods in the 4th and 5th centuries. Temperature fluctuations and the absence of precipitation from 420 to 450 were supposed to reduce crop yields and worsen the situation with pastures for animals outside the Danube and Tisza floodplains. And this could force the Hun peoples to develop new strategies for survival in the context of food shortages and growing economic problems.

The tree ring data gives us a great opportunity to link climatic conditions to human activity year after year. We found that periods of drought recorded in biochemical tree ring signals coincided with increased raids in the region, the researchers said.

Isotopic analysis of the discovered skeletons indicates that the Hunnic peoples responded to sharp changes in the climatic situation by migration. Amid a shortage of vital resources, the settled population was forced to move to more favorable regions. At the same time, as researchers note, some Hunnic peoples sharply changed their social and political organization, in fact, turning into raiders.^[1]

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