LoRaWAN

Main article: LoRa - wireless technology for IoT

LoRaWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network - LPWAN) is an energy efficient WAN-based network technology, with advantages over cellular networks and Wi-Fi through the creation and use of inter-machine (M2M) communications.

Standardization of the Internet of Things

• Standardization of the Internet basic article
• NB-IoT Low-Power and Wide-Area LPWAN
• NB-Fi (Narrow Band Fidelity) Standard

2023: Russia approved the standard of the communication protocol for the Internet of Things

On December 22, 2023, the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart) approved the national standard of the LoRaWAN protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT). It is expected that this will contribute to the development of the ecosystem of domestic devices, such as smart meters and sensors, equipment for transport, housing and communal services, industrial enterprises, etc. Read more here.

2021: Production of IoT equipment transmitting signals for 5 km is being prepared in Russia

On April 29, 2021, Rostec announced the development of equipment to deploy long-range Internet of Things networks. The devices support the LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) standard and are capable of transmitting data at a distance of up to 5 km. Read more here.

2020: Russia has developed the LoRaWAN standard - the most massive IoT technology in the world

At the end of December 2020, it became known about the development in Russia of the LoRaWAN standard - the most massive Internet of Things technology in the world. LoRaWAN RU was created within the framework of the Cyber ​ ​ Physical Systems technical committee with the participation of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, as well as other government agencies and market participants. Read more here.

2019

US Army reports LoRaWAN testing

The research laboratory ground forces USA is testing the possibility of using the LoRaWAN network on the battlefield. Researchers are trying to find out if using smart city technologies it is possible to expand the possibilities of using gadgets on the battlefield and military applications, according to the ICS in July 2019.

Consumer IoT devices generate huge amounts of data needed for monitoring and predictive analytics. Under combat conditions, the same principles can be applied to bases, mobile gadgets, drones and vehicles, including ships and cars. The principle of the "military Internet of Things" (IoBT) is to use information generated by sensors and networks for military use.

• Internet of Things in the Army
• Tactical Edge Networking (Military Internet)

During the experiment, the military tried to send a report through IoT devices tied to the top of a vehicle that was moving around Montreal.

The messages were sent in the 915 MHz band, usually intended for industrial, scientific and medical use. Tests have shown that messages can be caught at a distance of about 5 km from the transmitter. The networks 5G have not yet been checked.

A draft LoRaWAN protocol standard for the Internet of Things market has been developed in Russia

The Technical Committee "Cyber ​ ​ Physical Systems" presented Rosstandart in May 2019 a draft preliminary national standard (PNST) "Information Technologies.. Internet of Things Exchange protocol for high-capacity networks with a large range and low power consumption. " The document was developed with the participation of the RVC and the Association of Internet Participants in the Market of Things (AIV) and is submitted for public discussion.

Main article: Cyber-physical systems

2017: LoRaWAN vs. NB-IoT: Comparison of Standards

NB-IoT is a cellular standard, so a license must be obtained for base stations to operate. It is unlikely that NB-IoT will dare to deploy a company that was not previously present in the mobile market. The construction of the network from zero to cover the metropolis will require significant investment. In addition, it will be difficult for beginners to compete with companies providing traditional services 2G/3G/4G for decades. For old-timers, for example, it is enough to programmatically update existing base stations to launch NB-IoT services.

LoRaWAN is an LPWAN protocol standard operating in a LoRa process environment. LoRa is a type of modulation for IoT communication. LoRa is not a cellular standard. LoRaWAN does not require frequency licenses.

For more information on comparison, see
NB-IoT Low-Power and Wide-Area, LPWAN.

2015

On March 23, 2015, IBM Research and Semtech introduced a new network technology on the WAN platform.

LoRaWAN technology helps overcome the difficulties of collecting and analyzing user device data for decision-making that was not previously available due to the limited battery life, short-distance information transfer features, high costs and lack of necessary standards.

LoRaWAN Network Architecture, 2014

LoRaWAN technology allows hundreds of thousands of IoT devices to transmit their data over the radio channel to a gateway (base station), which poisons this information to the server on the Internet. And the data becomes available to the owners of these IoT devices. Users can connect electricity, water, heat, and gas metering devices to the Internet of Things using LoRaWAN technology in order to see the consumption of energy resources and not manually rewrite the readings from the meters - they are automatically transferred to the management company. Sensors for water, smoke and gas leakage in case of danger will give an instant alarm. The owner will receive it in a mobile application or in his personal account on a computer anywhere in the world where there is access to the Internet. Abroad, using this technology, smart refrigerators have learned to independently order the missing products through the network, and home lighting and heating can already be remotely controlled through the smartphone's mobile application if LoRaWAN devices of the "smart home" are installed in the home.

LoRaWAN uses new specifications and a protocol for energy-saving WAN networks that uses an unlicensed wireless access range. The technology is capable of connecting sensors located at a great distance from each other, while offering the optimal battery life and without requiring advanced infrastructure capabilities. This helps to ensure improved mobility, security, bidirectional data exchange, localization and positioning, cost reduction.

LoRaWAN sensors can transmit information over a distance of more than 100 km in a favorable environment, 15 km in provincial cities and more than 2 km in dense urban buildings, providing data exchange rates from 300 bps to 100 kbps. Sensors are suitable for transmitting small amounts of information, for example, GPS coordinate and weather data (which broadband does poorly). Sensors consume little power; many can function smoothly for up to 10 years, powered by a single AA battery. In turn, enciphering AES128 keys make hacking and listening impossible.

Telecom operators see many applications for LPWAN networks:

• automatic signals transmitted by vending machines to distributors when goods are sold out or equipment needs repair;
• city administrations can offer solutions to save power wisely, as well as apps to help drivers find free parking spaces;
• animal lovers can study the migration of fauna, and pet owners can control the location of their pets;
• logistics companies will be able to monitor the movement of trucks, ships and trains carrying containers;
• manufacturers of domestic liquid fuel will receive automatic notifications when emptying oil tanks.

LPWAN Interconnection Diagram, 2015

Combined with IBM Long Range Signaling and Control software (LRSC) and the IBM Internet of Things Foundation cloud service, LoRaWAN technology will help deploy M2M communications and implement IoT solutions.

LRSC is an intermediate software that provides the ability to connect, manage and scale a network of up to a million devices. IBM discovered the source code of the LoRaWAN protocol for application development, which was called "LoRaWAN in C."