Madrid
Madrid is the capital of Spain, as well as the administrative center of the province of the same name and the autonomous community.
Main article: Spain
Government
Health care
Clinics
Real estate
2021: Average monthly rent for a one-bedroom apartment in central Madrid - $1,020
Transport
2022: All diesel buses removed from Madrid streets
Madrid will be the first European city with a 100 per cent "clean" bus fleet, with the last diesel bus removed from its streets.
The Madrid City Council purchased 1,291 new buses and renewed 60% of the city's bus fleet. Now the bus fleet of the Spanish capital complies with the directive on environmentally friendly vehicles, which recognizes only such fuels as electricity, hydrogen, natural gas as clean.
By 2025, electric buses should make up 25% of Madrid's bus fleet.
2020: Madrid - in the top 10 cities in the world in the number of car sharing cars
Video surveillance
2022: 4.1 cameras per 1,000 residents
Culture and art
Museums
Libraries
Вiblioteca de las Escuelas Pías. The building dates from the early eighteenth century and has vaulted ceilings.
Biblioteca Nacional de España. Copies of all books published in Spain are kept here.
The Biblioteca del Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España is one of the most unique and architecturally interesting in the country. Books are located in a circle.
Biblioteca Pública Benito Pérez Galdós - arched structures in the interior, a view of the garden from the window.
Biblioteca Pedro Salinas, the library also has a circular base and tables surround the curved shelving.
Ecology
2018: Tree cover - 39%
History
Main article: History of Spain
1922
1890
1778: Future distinguished engineer Augustine de Betancourt comes from the island of Tenerife to Madrid for training
In 1778, at the age of 20, Augustine de Betancourt left the Canary Islands forever and went to Madrid to study at the Royal College San Isidro.
1734: Fire destroys Alcazar
Famous for both its artistic treasures and unusual architecture, Alcazar in Madrid was the seat of the Spanish royal family and home of the court until its destruction by fire during the reign of King Philip V (the first king of the Bourbon dynasty) on Christmas Eve 1734. Many artistic treasures were lost, including more than 500 paintings. Other works, such as the painting "Menina" by Velázquez, were saved.
XVII century
1560: Muslim fortress turned into royal palace while Madrid becomes Spanish Empire capital
After 1560, the Muslim fortress was turned into a royal palace, and Madrid became the capital of the Spanish Empire. Despite the fact that it was a palace, the magnificent building retained its original Arabic name Alcazar.
1536
The first drawing of Alcazar was made by Jan Cornelis Vermeien in 1534: three decades before Madrid became the capital of Spain. The figure shows the castle, divided into two main parts, which can correspond, at least partially, to the structure of the Muslim fortress on the site of which it was built.
1083: Conquest of Madrid by Alfonso VI of León and Castile
After the conquest of Madrid in 1083, Alfonso VI of León and Castile, the king needed a larger fortress to house his royal court. The new fortress was built north of the first walled site - thus, the Islamic fortress was never located under the royal palace.
Over time, the old castle was enlarged, but retained the original structure. This can be seen in engravings and paintings of the 17th century, where on the western side of Manzanares you can see semicircular turrets in the medieval style, contrasting with the architecture of the southern facade.
9th century: Amir Umayyadov Muhammad I of Cordoba builds the fortress of Alcazar to protect Toledo from Christian raids
The Royal Alcazar in Madrid (Spanish: Real Alcázar de Madrid) is a fortress located just south of the modern Royal Palace in Madrid. Initially, Alqasar (Arab al-Qasr: castle, palace) was built in the second half of the 9th century by Muslims, and then expanded over the centuries.
Such fortresses served as houses and regional capitals for government officials during the Umayyad Caliphate.
This original fortress was built by the Umayyad amir Muhammad I of Cordoba (852-886) between 860 and 880. The building was the central core of the Islamic citadel of Mayrit, a walled area of about 4 hectares (9.9 acres), which included not only a castle, but also a mosque, as well as the house of the ruler (or emir).
Its location on a steep slope off Altos de Rebec and overlooking the flowing Manzanares River below was of great strategic importance, being a key factor in protecting Toledo from frequent Christian incursions into the lands of Al-Andalus. This structure was probably built by analogy with other military structures in the area - a small fort grew from the observation post.
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