Morsi Mohammed (Mohammed Mohammed Morsy Issa el-Ayat)

Morsi Mohammed (Mohammed Mohammed Morsy Issa el-Ayat)

Mohammed Mohamed Morsi Mohammed Mohammed Morsy Issa el-Ayat is the president of Egypt who won the first national elections in June, 2012, acted at them as the candidate of the movement "Muslim Brotherhood".

Biography

Was born in August, 1951 in the Egyptian governorship (Province) of Sharkiya.

Training and teaching in the USA

Morsi studied engineering at the Cairo university where in 1975 he (according to other data, in 1972) received the bachelor's degree, and in 1978 - the master's degree. In 1982 Morsi defended the doctoral dissertation in the University of Southern California, the USA (University of Southern California). During the academic career Morsi taught at faculty of engineering of the Cairo university, in the University of Southern California and also - in 1982-1985 - in California State University, Northridge (California State University - Northridge). Besides, in the early eighties Morsi participated in development of spaceships - shuttles in the American aerospace agency NASA^[1].

The 1980th: Return to Egypt, beginning of political career

In the mid-eighties Morsi returned to Egypt and got a job on faculty of engineering at the Zakazika University - the center of the Province of Sharkiya. At this university in 1985-2010 it headed department of materials science of faculty of engineering.

Telling about the beginning of political career of Morsi, mass media reported that he at first became the member of the commission on resistance to Zionism in governorship Sharkiya; later it was mentioned that the politician acted as one of founders of the Egyptian commission on fight against Zionism.

Since 1992 Morsi began to take part in activity of the Islamic movement "Muslim Brotherhood" prohibited during this period in Egypt.

2000: Election as the deputy of parliament

In 2000 the politician as the independent candidate was elected the deputy of National assembly - the lower house of parliament of Egypt where acted as the official representative of the deputies entering into the movement "Muslim Brotherhood". As the deputy of parliament Morsi gained special fame when in 2002 in the performances laid blame on the Egyptian authorities for the occurred large train accident as a result of which about 400 people died. In addition, Morsi actively fought against corruption in power structures, supported canceling of the emergency state operating in Egypt and the law limiting activity of political parties and also privilege elevation of municipal bodies. In Morsi's parliament proved as the bright critic of arrangements of Egypt with Israel and as the opponent of the cultural policy of Egypt allowing distribution in the country of the magazines contradicting Islamic regulations, movies and holding beauty contests. Afterwards in materials of Islamists it was reported that Morsi was called for the activity "the best parliamentarian of 2000-2005".

In parliamentary elections of 2005 Muslim Brotherhood achieved considerable success: members of the movement received 88 of 454 places. However Morsi did not get to parliament: though it considerably was ahead of rivals in the first round, in the second round the winner announced other candidate - according to some information, that won a victory thanks to falsification of results. After Morsi's leaving Schur's parliament of the movement "Muslim Brotherhood" the policy included in the structure of the leading council of the organization.

2006: Imprisonment, leadership in Muslim Brotherhood

Meanwhile soon after elections of 2005 of the power renewed repressive policy in relation to Muslim Brotherhood. In 2006 Morsi was in prison about seven months after it was delayed during one of opposition demonstrations. One of leaders of the movement the multimillionaire Kheirat el-Shater was the same year arrested and Morsi began to perform his functions, being responsible for security issues and internal discipline. At the same time Morsi acted also as the negotiator from Muslim Brotherhood at meetings with the intelligence agencies representing the Egyptian authorities - with respect thereto it was specified that the management of the movement trusted Morsi thanks to his extremely conservative views.

In 2007 Morsi became one of authors of the platform of Muslim Brotherhood offered by conservative Islamists which assumed active intervention in policy of Muslim theologians and creation of the Islamic State with restriction for occupation by not Muslims and women of the state posts. Supporters of this platform were resisted by a moderate wing of the organization and also its youth part. In 2009 Morsi actively promoted that leaders of opponents of conservative Islamists Abdel-Moneim Abul-Futukh and Mohamed Habib left the management of the movement.

2011: Chairman of the party of freedom and justice

In January, 2011 in Egypt mass actions against regime of the president Hosni Mubarak began. On January 28 the Egyptian authorities arrested Morsi together with some other leaders of Muslim Brotherhood not to allow them to participate in protests. However already on January 30 protection left prison which contained politicians, and they were released. Nevertheless Muslim Brotherhood refused active participation in disorders, and Morsi even took part in negotiations with the vice president Omar Souleymane for the purpose of the termination of protests. After Mubarak's resignation and transfer of power to the Supreme Council of Armed forces of Egypt led by Hussein of Tantawi Morsi at a meeting with young members of the movement - the Coalition of revolutionary youth - continued to insist that the management does not support their revolutionary views, and then entered direct confrontation with the youth organization therefore her many leaders were expelled from the movement.

On April 30, 2011 Shura of the movement "Muslim Brotherhood" appointed Morsi the chairman of the new political organization - the Freedom and Justice Party. Morsi emphasized that his batch should not be identified with Muslim Brotherhood though these forces and intended to coordinate the work. At the same time the politician continued to act as the main representative of Muslim Brotherhood at negotiations with the authorities; besides, considerably under its pressure his members trying to conduct independent policy including Abul-Futukh were expelled from the movement.

In December, 2011 - February, 2012 in Egypt there took place parliamentary elections as a result of which the Freedom and Justice Party received in the lower house of 127 places (38 percent), and in the upper house - 105 mandates (about 58 percent of elective places).

2012: Election as the president of Egypt

In April, 2012 the party leadership of freedom and justice nominated Morsi as the "spare" presidential candidate of Egypt - in case the major candidate of Muslim Brotherhood Jeyrat el-Shater will be withdrawn from elections. On April 17 Jeyrat el-Shater was really detached from an election campaign in connection with the criminal record which is available for him under the criminal article then Morsi was announced by the major candidate from Muslim Brotherhood.

During Morsi's campaign acted as the supporter of the conservative views assuming adoption of the laws based on the sharia right, reduction of influence of the USA, but at the same time insisted on the commitment to democratic principles and the idea of protection of human rights. According to some observers, Morsi had charisma and popularity, insufficient for the candidate. Despite it, Morsi was ahead of other candidates in the first round of presidential elections which took place on May 23 and 24, 2012, having gained 24.77 percent of votes, and succeeded to the second round together with the former prime minister Ahmed Shafik. In the second round of elections which took place on June 16 and 17, 2012 Morsi won a victory, having gained 51.7 percent of votes of voters while Shafik received 48.3 percent of votes. At the same time on June 16 the Supreme Council of War, relying on the decision of the Constitutional court, announced dissolution of the lower house of parliament, and next day adopted the amendments in the legislation conferring to military new powers and limiting the power of the president. On June 24, 2012 after the declaration of official results of elections of Morsi said that it intends to become "the president of all Egyptians"; with respect thereto the politician left the posts in the Freedom and Justice Party and the movement "Muslim Brotherhood". On June 30, 2012 there took place Morsi's inauguration, and he officially entered a position of the president of Egypt.

On July 8, 2012 Morsi issued the decree which reversed judgment on dissolution of parliament. According to the decree, the body had to continue work before new elections which had to take place in 60 days after adoption of the new constitution of Egypt and the new law on parliament. However, on July 10 the Constitutional court cancelled the decision of the president on resumption of work of parliament. Next day Morsi said that he agrees to obey to court's decision and promised that he for the conflict resolution will hold negotiations with different political forces and the Supreme Council of War.

It was noted that Morsi participated in activity of the International conference of political parties and labor unions (International Conference of Political Parties and Trade Unions). The politician practises Sunni Islam.

Family

It has two sons, Ahmed and Omar who were born in California and are citizens of the USA. As of 2011, Ahmed worked as the doctor in the state hospital in Zakazika, and Omar studied in the same place at faculty of commerce of the local university. In the press it was also mentioned that in Egypt Ahmed Morsi in 2000-2005 when his father was the deputy of parliament, was exposed to arrest three times.

Notes