Mongolia

Main article: Countries of the world

Population

Migration

2021: Net population inflow in 4 years

Economy

Inflation

2022: Inflation in November - 14.5%

Unemployment

2020: Unemployment rate - 12%

Agriculture

2021: Share of farmland - 72%

2019: Low use of pesticides in agriculture

Power

2024

Rosatom to build nuclear power plant in Mongolia

The technical appearance of the design of the first low-power nuclear power plant (ASMM) in Mongolia has been approved. This was announced in September 2024 by the general director of Rosatom Alexei Likhachev.

According to him, Mongolia needs a reliable source of generation for its new smart city New Kharkhorum for 500 thousand inhabitants. The range of declared capacities corresponds to four - ­ six power units with a Russian reactor plant RITM-200N a capacity of 55 MW each, Likhachev said.

Coal is the main fuel. Ulaanbaatar is one of the most polluted cities in the world

The main fuel in the country is coal, so the atmosphere, especially in densely populated Ulaanbaatar, is considered one of the most polluted on the planet.

2020: Average energy consumption per capita

and

Foreign trade

2022

China is the largest export destination

Record volume of trade with Russia - $2.7 billion

The volume of trade between Mongolia and Russia in 2022 amounted to $2.7 billion amid the conflict in Ukraine, which was a historical record for the two countries.

Tourism

2022:290 thousand tourists, half from Russia

Mongolia in 2022 received 290 thousand tourists, while every second of them came from Russia - the agency "Montsame." In 2022, Mongolia received 145 thousand Russian tourists.

Mongolia has become the leader in the growth of the flow of Russian tourists. According to Rosstat, the flow of Russians to this country has grown 77 times over the year. For comparison, Thailand, beloved by Russians, received an increase in tourist flow from Russia by 11.8 times, and Georgia - by 7 times.

Consumption

Meat

2023: Lamb and goat are the most consumed type of meat

Mongolia is the world leader in lamb and goat consumption - 66.3 kg.

Armed Forces

2021: Defence costs - 0.66% of GDP

Education

2024

Replacement of the main foreign language in schools from Russian to English

From the 2024 school year in Mongolian schools, English becomes the main foreign language instead of Russian.

This was announced by the new Minister of Education of the country Purevsurengiin Naranbayar after a meeting on preparations for the school year.

While lessons will be held in test mode in 100 schools from the third grade. And teachers of English will necessarily study abroad for a master's degree.

The Parliament of Mongolia in 2023 passed a law according to which English became the main foreign language in schools.

And to make the process of ousting the Russian more active, US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken visited Ulan Bator. During his visit, he announced his intention to create an English language center in Mongolia.

Korea promotes Korean language in Mongolia to attract youth

On October 16, 2024, a meeting of the IV Joint Korean-Mongolian Education Commission was held in Ulan Bator. The participants focused on learning Korean.

The Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea asked the Mongolian government to further expand Korean language programs, including the possibility of learning Korean as a second or first foreign language.

In general, the influence of Korean culture and language in Mongolia is steadily growing. South Korean business is developing the capital and aimak centers, and every year many Mongols leave for work in the Republic of Korea.

2023: Scholarships for ethnic Mongols from Russia and China at the pro-Western Elbegdorj Institute

Mongolia has a student scholarship program for ethnic Mongols from Russia (residents of Kalmykia, Buryatia, Tuva, Altai) and China at the Elbegdorj Institute (EBI).

The institute is owned by Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, a former pro-Western president of Mongolia who served in 2009-2017.

Elbegdorzh actively opposes the special operation of Russia in Ukraine, appeals to citizens of the Russian Federation, and also met with Ukrainian deputy Alexei Goncharenko, who heads the deputy association "For the Free Caucasus" and media oversees separatist movements in the Russian Federation.

At the same time, the program is also supervised by the American "Mongolian World Federation."

2019: Number of years of education by citizens over 25 - 10.3

Health care

Main article: Health care in Mongolia

MEDIA

2023: USAID's five-year media reformatting program

In September 2023, the American Agency for International Development (), USAID together with the Asia Asian Foundation, launched a five-year program "to support the participation of citizens and public access to information in Mongolia." One of the stated goals of the project is to increase the sustainability of a dynamically developing democracy.

They plan to do this through a network of NGOs, for example, the Globe International Center (Globe International Tөv) or the Media Union of Mongolia (Havell Madellein zөvlөl), which would be supported by "professional, unbiased" media. To this end, it is planned to organize and develop advanced training programs for journalists and train them "to conduct high-quality, large-scale and publicly available reports and combat disinformation." The term of the program implementation is also noteworthy - 2028.

For the described activities, 10 dollars million US dollars are allocated from the American budget. As already mentioned, funding will be made through the Asia Foundation. Its headquarters are located in, and San Francisco one of the goals of the fund, in accordance with the Strategy until 2025, is to increase the importance of relations with the United States in the foreign policy of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The lists of sponsors of the organization include US State Department American companies and. Google Mastercard

Information Technology

2024: Electronic Mongolia. How the digitalization of public services is developing in the country

The digitalization of public services is actively developing in Mongolia, which significantly reduces bureaucratic procedures and increases the effectiveness of interaction between citizens and state bodies. This was reported in mid-June 2024 by the Buryaad Үnen edition. Read more here.

N'KO

• Beautiful Hearts

Crime

Prisons

2019: The minimum age for children to be jailed is 14

2018: Number of prisoners

1913

Sport

2022: The most popular sport is wrestling

in

History

2024

Russian President Putin's visit to Mongolia

In September 2024, the president Russia Vladimir Putin visited Mongolia.

The possibility of supplying Russian gas to Mongolian consumers is being considered - Putin.

The gas pipeline project from Russia to China through Mongolia is undergoing state examination. Gazprom is ready to help gasify Mongolia.

Russia is open to implementing projects in the field of peaceful atom with Mongolia.

Russia has consistently responded to Mongolia's requests to meet growing fuel needs.

The trade turnover of Russia with Mongolia is growing, almost no dollars and euros are used in the calculations.

Russia is grateful to Mongolia for preserving its historical memory, in particular about Soviet assistance at Khalkhin Gol.

Putin invited the President of Mongolia to Moscow to celebrate the 80th anniversary of the Victory, Russia remembers and appreciates the assistance that Mongolia provided to the USSR during the Great Patriotic War.

Mongolian calculation can take part in the parade on May 9 on Red Square.

Russia will increase quotas for Mongolian students to 620 places.

Mongolia adopted a law on the accrual of the country's income from natural resources on the cards of citizens

The Great State Khural of Mongolia approved the law on the National Welfare Fund, which is designed to ensure equal income of citizens from the country's natural resources. This was announced on April 19, 2024 by TASS.

Every citizen of Mongolia must have a personal savings account where the funds of the Savings Fund will be registered. The Central Bank is responsible for this. Mongolia is a country with huge natural resources. People with such wealth should not be poor and lagging in development, - said the speaker of parliament Gombozhavyn Zandanshatar after voting on the law.

The Great State Khural of Mongolia approved the law on the National Welfare Fund

Mongolian Prime Minister Luvsannamsrein Oyuun-Erdene noted that the discussion of this law took 30 years. Previously adopted laws in this area did not provide equal income for citizens.

Registered bank accounts, which will begin to open in May for each citizen of Mongolia, will receive funds from the NWF directly. The amount to be transferred will be determined by the Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance. The Mongolian National Wealth Fund will consist of three funds: future heritage, savings and development. The Future Heritage Fund will accumulate funds for future generations by investing assets in instruments of the international financial market. Savings fund funds will be spent to support health care, education and housing programs. The Development Fund will finance major national projects and programs.

After the law comes into force, large mining companies will be required to transfer up to 34% of their profits to the National Wealth Fund. Among the potential donors of the fund is the company "Erdenet" - one of the largest enterprises in Asia for the extraction of copper and molybdenum. In addition, the list includes "Oyu Tolgoi" and "Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi."^[1]

200 BC: Hunnu

Calendar

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