Geology and Water Resources
Volcanoes
Mexico is home to one of the highest volcanoes in the world.
Under the terms of the treaty, Mexico is obliged to supply water to the United States from its Colorodo, Tijuana and Rio Grande rivers
On October 25, 2025, the next five-year cycle ends, within which Mexico must deliver a total of 2.158 billion cubic meters to the United States. m water under the treaty of 1944 on the use of the waters of the Colorodo, Tijuana and Rio Grande rivers. Under its terms, Mexico undertakes to supply at least 431 million cubic meters to the United States annually. waters from the Rio Grande River as part of 5-year cycles.
The Rio Grande River holds 90% of the water supply to all of South Texas and the Rio Grande Valley, where more than 7 million people live.
In recent years, due to increasing droughts in Mexico, authorities can no longer transfer enough water. The last 5-year cycles, Mexico closed with a deficit, which complicated relations with the US government.
Po of September 2025, less than half of the fixed amount (985 million cubic meters) was transferred over almost 5 years. m). The Mexican authorities assure that they keep the situation under control and all conditions for the United States will be fulfilled.
But water discharge is virtually impossible. The largest Mexican dams in the region - Amistad and Falcon - are less than 25% full.
Meanwhile, the White House believes that Mexico does not comply with the terms of the treaty. The state authorities, Texas which require a tougher approach, are especially unhappy. Due to water shortages in the US state, farmers are forced to switch to drought-resistant crops, the sugar industry has completely disappeared.
The only option for the Mexican authorities to close the shortage is to dump water from other dams of the main tributaries of the Rio Grande. The authorities have already resorted to such measures in 2020, but then this caused massive discontent among peasants from Chihuahua.
Population
Population
2025: Population - 131.41 million
2022:132 million people
Mean age
Migration
2021: Net outflow over 4 years
2020: Second in the world in the number of emigrants
Mortality
Traffic safety
Homeless people
2021: There are 30,000 homeless people in Mexico City
Languages
Hunger
Parliament: General Congress of the Mexican United States
2023: Proportion of women in Parliament - 50%
Armed Forces
2024: 28th in the world in defense spending - $10.2 billion
Top 30 countries in the world in defense spending in 2024, published by Bloomberg based on data from the International Institute for Strategic Studies:
US: $968 billion
China: $235 billion
Russia: $145.9 billion
Germany: $86 billion
UK: $81.1 billion
India: $74.4 billion
Saudi Arabia: $71.7 billion
France: $64 billion
Japan: $53 billion
South Korea: $43.9 billion
Australia: $36.4 billion
Italy: $35.2 billion
Israel: $33.7 billion
Ukraine: $28.4 billion
Poland: $28.4 billion
Canada: $27bn
Brazil: $24.4 billion
Netherlands: $23.6 billion
UAE: $22.3 billion
Algeria: $21.4 billion
Spain: $19.4 billion
Taiwan: $18.9 billion
Singapore: $15.2 billion
Turkey: $14.3 billion
Iraq: $12.7 billion
Sweden: $12.3 billion
Indonesia: $10.9 billion
Mexico: $10.2 billion
Norway: $9.8 billion
Qatar: $9.7 billion
2018: Military spending - $6.57 billion
Education
Libraries
2021: Mexico has 7,260 public libraries
2020: Mexico's National Autonomous University is the country's oldest functioning institution, founded in 1551
2018: Literacy rate
Natural disasters
2012: Earthquake
An earthquake of magnitude 6.3, which occurred in the capital of Mexico, did not cause destruction, but forced thousands of residents of the city to leave their homes, reports Agence France-Presse on Monday evening, April 2, 2012[1].
The epicenter of the earthquake, recorded at 17:36 GMT, was located in the state of Guerrero, 314 kilometers southeast of Mexico City, 137 kilometers southwest of the city of Huajuapan de Leon, Oaxaca, according to the website of the US Geological Survey.
The mayor of Mexico City wrote in his microblog on Twitter that there are no casualties and destruction as a result of the natural disaster. The head of the city police, in turn, said that the inspection of the city from the air and the ground "did not reveal a catastrophic situation."
Despite the fact that the earthquake, according to reports, did not cause significant damage, the authorities of the capital of Mexico said, it forced thousands of residents of different areas of the city to urgently leave their homes.
Data on the effects of the earthquake outside Mexico City is being clarified. To clarify the situation in rural areas located near the epicenter of the earthquake, the authorities of the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca sent patrols.
According to seismologists, the tremors recorded on April 2 are the so-called aftershock of the earthquake that occurred in Mexico on March 20, 2012. Then, as a result of an earthquake of magnitude 7.4, the epicenter of which was located in the state of Guerrero, more than 500 buildings were damaged, including in Mexico City, two people were killed, 12 were injured.
Economy
Main article: Economy of Mexico
Health care
2022
Abortion ban in place
Ban on the sale of e-cigarettes introduced
In late May 2022, Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador signed an executive order banning the sale of e-cigarettes, thus continuing the government's anti-vaping policy. As follows from the document, this decision was made to protect the health of the nation, especially children and adolescents of the country. Read more here.
2021: Number of weeks of paid maternity leave: 12-24
in
2020
Duration of guaranteed paid sick leave 6 months or more
COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic
The first confirmed case of COVID-19 infection in Mexico was recorded on February 28, 2020. According to the WHO dated May 13, 2020, since then the number of confirmed infections has grown to more than 36 thousand, about 3.5 thousand people have died from the virus.
On March 30, the Mexican Health Board introduced an epidemiological emergency regime in the country and decided to suspend the activities of all enterprises until April 30. The operating mode remained unchanged only for five "vital areas of activity," to which they attributed
- health sector,
- public safety, including police, military, justice and lawmaking,
- fundamental for the functioning of the economy types of work,
- the social programs of the government, as well as
- Work to support critical infrastructure.
Later, the quarantine regime was extended until May 30, but regions in which the incidence of coronavirus is low will be able to remove restrictions from May 17.
Crime and prisons
Main article: Crime in Mexico
Culture
Painting
Religion
2021:71% of the population say they adhere to a certain religion
History
2025: Mexico rejects U.S. authorities' call to withdraw support for Cuba
In December 2025, Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum said that the country would not change its historical position on Cuba, despite appeals from US representatives. Speaking at a press conference, she stressed that Mexico City's course of support for Havana has persisted for more than six decades and will remain unchanged.
The reason for the statement was the appeal of Catherine Dewholme, US Deputy Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, who called on Mexico to coordinate its position with the foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration and distance itself from Cuba.
The American side considers Cuba's support by a number of countries in the region as an obstacle to increasing sanctions pressure on Havana.
Mexico remains the only country in the region that has never severed diplomatic relations with Cuba since the 1959 revolution. This line was entrenched as an element of the Mexican doctrine of non-interference and sovereign equality of states.
2024
Outgoing President Obrador protests US NGOs in the country
Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador in August 2024 announced plans to send a diplomatic note to the US authorities over their funding of the local opposition NGO Mexicans Against Corruption and Impunity.
The country's main intelligence agency found out that from 2018 to January 2024, this NGO received 96.74 million pesos (approximately $5.6 million) from the US Embassy in Mexico City and the USAID Foundation .
Moreover, NGOs also received funds from entities such as the Rockefeller Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the International Community Foundation and several others. Moreover, payments to NGO accounts began to be received three years after the founding of the organization - in 2018. Then, too, when Obrador won past elections.
The President of Mexico plans to send not only a diplomatic note (which is being prepared by the Foreign Ministry), but also a personal letter to US President Joe Biden on the issue of interference in issues related to the country's sovereignty.
In addition, the fiscal prosecutor's office will check all donations to the organization - moreover, they will update the rules regarding the tax deduction regarding donations to organizations and make efforts so that state resources are not used to finance campaigns that contradict the interests of most Mexicans.
Interestingly, Obrador has been expressing his protest against American financing of the opposition for several years in a row.
Back in 2023, Obrador "discovered America," saying that through USAID, Americans finance opposition NGOs, which is contrary to international law and should be immediately suppressed. In 2021, Mexico City was similarly outraged by the activities of USAID.
For the first time, a woman became president of Mexico - Claudia Sheinbaum
Claudia Sheinbaum won a landslide victory in the Mexican presidential election held on June 2, 2024, becoming the first woman elected head of state in the country's history. He will take office on October 1, 2024. Read more here.
1979
1962
1958
1955
1954
1931: Eisenstein in Mexico
1917: Civil War ends with victory for moderate revolutionaries
The civil war between the revolutionary peasantry and moderate liberals (July 1914 - February 1917) was the last, fourth stage of the revolution. The victory was won by the moderate wing of the revolutionaries, but the broad masses played a decisive role in the revolution, affecting the subsequent development of the country.
1914: Restoration of the constitutional regime and the outbreak of civil war
February 1913 - July 1914 - restoration of the constitutional regime. The revolutionaries again came out as a united front, while the role of the peasant masses increased.
1913: Counter-Revolutionary Coup
May 1911 - February 1913 - the liberal democrats were in power, but the lack of unity among the revolutionary forces led to a counter-revolutionary coup.
1911: Overthrow of the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz
November 1910 - May 1911 - overthrow of the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. Liberal landlords and entrepreneurs, workers and peasants acted as a united front under the political leadership of liberal democratic leaders.
1903
1897
683: Death of King Pacal I
Sport
2022: The most popular sport is football
in
Fauna
2020: Shark attack statistics
Notes
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