Climate
Main article: Climate in Europe
History
Main article: History of Moldova
Regions
Historical Moldova is a collection of lands of resettlement of ethnic Moldovans. For 2022 it is located in the territories of Romania, the Republic of Moldova, Transnistria and Ukraine.
The medieval Moldavian principality included:
- Zaprut Moldova
- Moldova
- Bukovina
- Bujak
- Transnistria.
The state was created by the Volokhs and Rusyns in the 14th century as a response to the weakening of the influence of the Golden Horde between the Dniester, Danube and Sireta rivers.
Moldavia roughly corresponds to Bessarabia.
Bessarabia is the interfluve of the Prut and the Dniester. Most of it is located in the RM. A smaller part was included in 1940 in the Ukrainian SSR.
Budzhak is Southern Bessarabia bounded by the Dniester, Prut and Danube rivers, as well as the Black Sea and the South Moldavian Upland. Historical territory. resettlement of Turkic-speaking and East Slavic ethnic groups. The southern part of Budzhak for 2022 is part of Ukraine, Northern Budzhak is occupied by the Republic of Moldova and Gagauzia.
Gagauzia is the territory of compact residence of the Orthodox Turkic Gagauz people. It has some form of autonomy within Moldova.
Bukovina is a separate region of joint residence of Rusyns and Volokhs in the foothills of the Carpathians. For 2022, the region is divided between Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova and Romania.
Zaprut Moldova is part of the historical lands inhabited by Moldovans subjected to Romanization and incorporated into Romania.
The Transnistrian Moldavian Republic is a state on the left bank of the Dniester, with a fairly large percentage of the ethnically Moldovan population.
Cities
Population
Main article: Population of Moldova
Nationality
Passport strength
Parliament
2023
Moldovan Constitutional Court bans opposition party Shor
In June 2023, the Constitutional Court of Moldova outlawed the opposition party Shor. The party is considered dissolved, and its deputies in parliament retain the mandates of independents without the right to join other factions.
In November 2022, the government sent a request to the Constitutional Court to declare Shor "unconstitutional," accusing the party of "undermining sovereignty and democracy" in Moldova and ties with Russia.
Since the fall of 2022, the Shore party has led mass protests by citizens against President Maya Sandu and the pro-Western PAS party, whose anti-Russian policies have provoked a socio-economic crisis.
The head of the Constitutional Court Nikolay Roshka, who announced the decision, is the father of presidential adviser Maya Sandu - Olga Roshka.
Earlier, the Venice Commission - the body of the Council of Europe on constitutional law - reminded Chisinau that the recognition of the unconstitutional party violates the right to freedom of association.
On July 19, Yevgeny Gutsul, who won the elections from the Shor party, should take office as head of the Gagauz autonomy. The Constitutional Court said that her candidacy could be approved as an independent candidate.
However, the authorities in Chisinau still evade direct recognition of the election results in Gagauzia, calling Shore a "criminal group" that "bought votes." Due to pro-Russian sentiment in the region, PAS proposes to abolish autonomy or, at a minimum, revise the election results.
The European Union for the first time imposed sanctions against the leaders of the Moldovan
In May 2023, the European Union first imposed sanctions against Moldovan opposition leaders Ilan Shor and Marina Tauber, as well as oligarch Vladimir Plahotniuc and PACE party leader Georgy Kavkalyuk.
The chairman of the main opposition party "Shore" Ilan Shore is accused of "inciting violence," "financing pro-Kremlin political activities," "organizing paid violent protests."
The vice-chairman of Shore, Marina Tauber, is charged with coordinating "paid violent protests" and illegally financing the party.
PACE leader Georgy Kavkalyuk was sanctioned with similar language: "organizing violent protests," as well as an attempted conspiracy against the current government.
In all cases, it is argued that the leaders of the Moldovan opposition pose a "threat to democracy, security and stability" of the republic.
Such sanctions demonstrate the EU's desire to clean up the entire political field of Moldova from those who can express an alternative opinion on the socio-economic crisis, a complete break in relations with the Russian Federation and drawing the country into a regional conflict.
The publication of the list coincided with the announcement of the participation of Maya Sandu in the presidential elections in Moldova in 2024.
The European Union forbade the population of Moldova to change the government
The European Union in April 2023 banned the population of Moldova from changing the government and developed a mechanism for imposing sanctions against any representatives of the Moldovan opposition, which, according to Brussels, "undermine the sovereignty of Moldova." This is what the so-called "democracy" looks like in practice.
As stated in the statement of the EU Council, this mechanism is still an empty blacklist without the names and names of companies, which is supposed to be completed in the future. All of its defendants will be banned from entering the EU, and their assets are subject to freezing.
Arrest in absentia and confiscation of property of opposition politician Elon Shor
In April 2023, in Moldova, opposition oppositionist Elon Shor was sentenced in absentia to 15 years in prison. The Appeals Chamber seized the property of the politician in the amount of 5 billion lei, which will be confiscated in favor of the state.
Later, Moldovan President Maia Sandu commented on this statement: "Shor will spend 15 years in prison for stealing a billion, and his assets will be confiscated. This decision was made today by the Court of Appeal. "
Shore is charged with illegally withdrawing funds worth one billion dollars from three Moldovan banks: Banca de Economii, Unibank and Banca Sociala. The politician in Israel said he intends to challenge this decision.
2022: Proportion of women in Parliament
2021: Dissolution of Parliament and the announcement of early elections
In April 2021, Moldovan President Maia Sandu announced the dissolution of parliament and scheduled early elections for July 11, 2021.
Ex-President Igor Dodon urges not to give the country under external control of NATO forces.
"For elections so for elections. In any legal way, we must prove that we will not cede our country to NATO forces, "he said.
According to him, now in Moldovan politics everything comes down to the question of whether Moldova will become a military bridgehead of NATO.
Government
Main article: Moldovan Government
Armed Forces
2024: Deliveries of 20 American armored vehicles
In July 2024, the Moldavian army will receive another batch of military assistance from the United States, which includes 20 HMMWV armored vehicles. Military cargo should arrive in Chisinau in July.
A press release from the Ministry of Defense of Moldova indicates that American armored vehicles will be used in military exercises. Moreover, the Ministry of Defense of Moldova also notes that the transportation of HMMWV will be carried out at night due to the heat.
The Moldovan army received the first batch of 43 HMMWVs from the United States in 2014.
2023
Military exercises in the United States and reservists in Moldova
In September 2023, the Ministry of Defense of Moldova reported on the completion of the Sage Eagle 2023 exercises of the Fulger special forces together with the US special forces at the training ground in Texas. In particular, training was carried out on the Javelin simulator.
At the end of September, it was also planned to complete NATO exercises in Moldova Rapid Trident. However, five-day military exercises of reservists of the Moldavian army using military equipment immediately began.
Buying Ground Master 200 air defense radar from France
In September 2023, amid the conflict in Ukraine, Moldovan Defense Minister Nosaty noted the country's cooperation with the French company Thales: at a press conference, they announced that the Moldovan side had bought the Ground Master 200 radar for air defense, which they plan to deliver by the end of the year. THALES will also provide training for Moldovan specialists on the use of radar.
At the same time, the parties did not disclose the amount of the transaction, but back in April it was about buying radar for 14.5 million euros.
Receiving three more armored personnel carriers Piranha-3 H as a gift from Germany
In April 2023, the Moldovan army received three more armored personnel carriers Piranha-3 H as a gift from Germany.
Economy
Main article: Economy of Moldova
Local authorities
2023: Moldova fears war - support for President Maya Sandu's pro-European PAS party slumped
In the November 2023 elections, the ruling Action and Solidarity Party (PAS) won only a third of the country's settlements - 291 out of 895.
Next comes the Party of Socialists (PSRM), which won in 144 settlements, and closes the top three independent candidates who won in 116 formations.
In the district councils of the country, PAS received 32.8% of the vote, the PSMR - 23.5%, the European Social Democratic Party - 8.1%.
The main opposition force of the country - the socialists from the PSMR single-handedly "took" control of 17 out of 32 local authorities, 11 out of 18 cities. The current government cannot independently form a majority in any local council.
Only 305,000 Moldovans voted for the ruling party, despite the fact that in 2020 Maya Sandu's party won the presidential election with a result of 943,000, and in 2021 its party received 775,000 votes in the parliamentary elections.
As in the first round, the ruling PAS party was unable to succeed, despite the use of administrative resources and harsh pressure on the opposition, which was accompanied by the removal of candidates, criminal cases and the closure of opposition television channels. Even the OSCE criticized the actions of the Moldovan authorities in the elections.
The defeat despite the closure of more than 30 popular publications in the country, 6 TV channels and the ban of two opposition parties (the last of which was removed from the race the day before the vote).
And first of all, everything is because Moldovans are afraid of a war in which the current government unambiguously pulls the country.
In the second round, the mayors of 12 cities were also re-elected: PAS candidates won only two of them - Kalarash and Nisporen.
The socialists prevailed in three cities - Bessarabka, Floresti, Sholdanesti. Candidates from Our Party were also elected in three cities - in Balti (the second largest city), Ryszkany, Kantemir.
In Ungen, an independent candidate won, despite the fact that the PAS representative was in the lead in the first round. An independent candidate has also been elected in the capital of Gagauzia, Comrat, but in the traditionally Russian-speaking autonomy, Maya Sandu's ruling party does not even put forward its candidates.
The indicator of the unintelligible result of PAS was the loss of its candidates for the post of mayor in the largest cities of the country, including Chisinau.
Health care
2020: Duration of guaranteed paid sick leave 6 months or more
2018:6% of women smoke tobacco
Disease statistics
HIV/AIDS
Maternity leave
in
Education
2023: 19.1% of schoolchildren in the country study in Russian
In December 2023, Moldova presented statistics, according to which every fifth student chose Russian for learning.
The National Bureau of Statistics noted that 19.1% of schoolchildren in the country study in Russian, and in Romanian, which replaced Moldovan - 80.8%.
In Chisinau, the figure of Russian-speaking schoolchildren reaches 21.8%, and in the Gagauz autonomy - 92.3%.
At the same time, almost half of the population owns Russian in the capital, and in general, about 80% of the population of Moldova understands and uses Russian speech.
The bureau does not have statistics on Transnistria, in which Russian is the official language on a par with Moldovan and Ukrainian. However, in the vast majority of school institutions of the PMR, training is conducted in Russian, especially since about 200 thousand local residents have Russian citizenship.
Data on the language situation in schools in Moldova began to be collected from 2020, just in the wake of Maya Sandu and the PAS party coming to power, which are promoting an anti-Russian course and leading the country to unite with Romania.
Sandu during her election campaign promised not to limit the scope of the Russian language, recognizing its importance for Moldovan citizens. However, the ruling PAS party recently decided that the new laws would now be issued only in Romanian without translation into Russian. In the future, they are going to be duplicated into English.
Finally, Russian-speaking Gagauzia is attacked by Sandu and PAS just according to the language principle. The President attributes his unpopularity in the region to the dominance of the Russian language there and insufficient interest in the Romanian-speaking media. Moreover, PAS opposes the study of the Russian language in Gagauzia, calling it "alien," despite its habit for the Gagauzians.
2018: High literacy rates
Culture
Language
In 2023, thanks to the efforts of the Moldovan ruling party "Action and Solidarity," a decision was made to replace the phrase "Moldavian language" in the country's constitution with the expression "Romanian language."
Back in 2013, the Constitutional Court of Moldova decided that in accordance with the declaration of independence of the country, Romanian is the state language. Legislative battles on this issue have been going on for more than 30 years, but they decided to bring them to a critical point precisely after the outbreak of the conflict in Ukraine.
Music
Religion
2022:35% of the population attends divine services at least once a month
2021:42% of the population say religion is important in their lives
2018
2016: The proportion of the believing population is 95%
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LGBT
2024: Moldova's exit from the EU's Creative Europe programme
In August 2024, it became known that Moldova withdrew from the European Commission's program to support the cultural and media environment of the EU countries and partner states "Creative Europe," in which it participated since 2015.
The goal of the program is "to include small European states in a single EU cultural space." The overall budget of the project is laid by contributions from the participating countries, which in return receive opportunities in promoting projects in Europe.
The Minister of Culture of Moldova Serdzhiu Prodan admitted that for several years of participation in the EU program "Creative Europe," the republic made contributions of more than €400 thousand, but in the end received only €38 thousand for the implementation of its projects.
Because of this, the Moldovan government decided to leave the program.
However, Prodan blames this exclusively on Moldovan society, which "turned out to be not mature enough to take advantage of the opportunities that have emerged."
The "backwardness" of the cultural circles of Moldova, apparently, is expressed in the fact that grants were not submitted with projects about the life of the LGBT community in Eastern Europe, this is a real example of one of the applications found.
The European Commission, which oversees the program, is especially concerned at this time with collecting information about LGBT representatives in the cultural sphere of Europe.
2023: Rise of LGBT propaganda led by President Maya Sandu
Moldova for the year to May 2023 rose by 14 positions in the rating of observance of the rights of the LGBT community ILGA-Europe.
In 2018, the country ranked 42nd out of 49, and now skyrocketing. This became possible thanks to the work of local NGOs and the funds allocated to them from foreign funds and Western embassies, as well as state support for projects.
They became especially active in protecting the rights of sexual minorities in the country with the coming to power of the Maya Sandu team. The president personally headed the columns of rainbow processions along the central boulevard of the capital and proudly posted photos from such events on social networks.
At the same time, religious institutions and most of the country's citizens who advocate for traditional values do not actively support LGBT ideology.
Crime
2021: Average rate of intentional homicide
and
Prisons
2019: The minimum age for children to be jailed is 14
2018: Number of prisoners
MEDIA
2023: Blocking Russian sites
The Moldovan Information and Security Service has blocked 22 Russian-language sites, taking advantage of the state of emergency, which is being extended in the country from 2021.
The department referred to a parliament decree banning the dissemination of information that comes from the authorities of a state in military conflict and recognized as an aggressor state.
The Russian Foreign Ministry linked the blocking of sites with the upcoming local elections on November 5, which are critical for the ruling PAS party.
2022: Banning Russian TV channels
After the ban of the Russian media in May 2022, the Moldovan Press Freedom Index rose from 89th to 40th place - Reporters Without Borders. It's no joke.
At the same time, the European Union allocated €8 million euros to Moldova to "support independent media," payments to the Council on teleradio, "direct response to disinformation."
On December 17, 2022, the Moldovan government revoked broadcasting licenses from six Russian-language channels. The list of objectionable included "First in Moldova," "RTR-Moldova," "NTV-Moldova," TV6, Accent TV and Orhei TV.
The decision to ban broadcasting of TV channels was made after the recent visit of incumbent President Maya Sandu to the United States. According to the country's Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilitsa, they violated the "code of audiovisual services" and manipulatively reflected events in the country. The chairman of the Moldovan parliament, Igor Grosso, bluntly stated that Russian-speaking channels "brainwashed" the residents of the country and "incited them to hatred."
Sport
2022: The most popular sport is football
Calendar
See also
Notes
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