Main article: Italy
2022: Aid to Ukraine during Russia's special operation
1980
1974
1973
1970
The tradition of giving gifts to regulators at Christmas was widespread throughout Europe but was especially loved and observed in Spain.
1968
1960
Italian photographer Felice Quinto, one of the first paparazzi in the world. He was the first to find a gold-bearing vein. His father worked as a chemist at the Alfa-Romeo automobile plant and owned a photo goods store, and Felice left the idea of becoming a car mechanic. He moved to Rome and began to earn pictures of celebrities for columns of secular gossip. He sat in ambushes, changed clothes, chased the "victims" on a motorcycle, - he did everything for the sake of a successful shot.
1959
1957
1956
In 1956, during the Giro d'Italia, cyclist Fiorenzo Magni falls and breaks his left collarbone at the twelfth stage. Refuses the cast and the bandaged continues the race. The mechanic makes him a device with which he can support the steering wheel and shift gears. At the sixteenth stage, he again falls and breaks the humerus. Collapses in pain, but after medical care continues the race, consisting of 23 stages. On mountain slopes, he cannot brake with his left hand in lifts instead of a sore hand, holding his teeth by a tube attached to the steering wheel.
The historic 20th stage, held in terrible weather conditions, turned the tables: Sharli Gol from 24th position climbed to the first, Magni brings the race to the end and, incredibly, comes second, losing to the leader only three and a half minutes. Having climbed the podium of the three main Italian races that season (Milan - San Remo, Giro d'Italia, Giro di Lombardia), in his end Fiorenzo ended his career as a three-time winner of the Giro, Tour of Flanders and the national championship, Italy 7 victories at the stages of the Tour de France.
1954
1949
1946
Photographer: Federico Patellani.]]
1941: Declaration of war on Yugoslavia and attack on the USSR
Main article: World War II
On April 6, 1941, Italy declared war on Yugoslavia.
On June 22, 1941, Italy, together with the Axis countries, attacked the USSR.
1940: Entry into World War II. Declaring war on Britain, France and Greece
Main article: World War II
The Kingdom of Italy entered World War II on the side of the Axis on June 10, 1940, declaring war on Britain and France.
On October 28, 1940, Italy declared war on Greece.
1939
1938
1935
1934
1933
1931
1924
1922
1918: End of World War I. A million victims in Italy
Main article: World War I
1901: Death of Giuseppe Verdi
1900
1899
1870: Rome becomes the de facto capital of the Kingdom of Italy
1865
1861: Rome is proclaimed the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, but remains under the control of the Pope and the French
In March 1861, the Kingdom of Italy was created, and on March 27, 1861, the first Italian parliament gathered in Turin proclaimed Rome the capital of Italy. However, the Italian government could not move to Rome, as it continued to remain under the papacy; the French garrison stationed there served as a guarantee of papal power over Rome.
1825: Death of King Ferdinand III
1700
Main article: 1700
1665
1618
Beginning of use in churches of musical instruments other than organ
Catholics did not have a strict ban on the use of musical instruments in churches. There were indirect restrictions - for example, tools with a name in the feminine gender could not be used. Therefore, viola were not used, but the violin family (in Italian violino, violoncello in ppm) could. According to musician Andrei Penyugin, the following events took place approximately simultaneously in Italy at the beginning of the 17th century:
- counter-reformation,
- the appearance of the violin family in the classical form and
- Add other tools to the organ.
XVI century: The birth of a choral concert
The choral concert is a large genre in form and rich in its expressive capabilities, originated in Italy at the end of the 16th century in the bosom of worship, but expressed the desire of musicians to go beyond the limits of cult art. Therefore, those that reflected the most direct human experiences were chosen from traditional texts for concerts.
This genre developed as paralyturgic, and therefore throughout its history it was discovered by the stylistic origins of secular music and its most striking techniques that could be available to the choral [1].
In Germany, choral concerts are called [2].
1240: As part of the Holy Roman Empire
The empire throughout its history (962-1806) remained a decentralized entity with a complex feudal hierarchical structure, uniting several hundred territorial-state entities. At the head of the empire was the emperor. The imperial title was not hereditary, but was awarded following the election of the electors by the college. The power of the emperor was never absolute and was limited to the highest aristocracy of Germany, and from the end of the 15th century - the Reichstag, representing the interests of the main classes of the empire.
1430: Church unsuccessfully tries to ban chopins
A pair of 15th-16th century Venetian wooden shoes called chopins (as well as zoccoli or pianelle), approx. 40 cm high.
The purpose of the chopins, in addition to increasing the beauty and irresistibility of their owner, was quite practical: the high sole protected from dirt on the streets and was something like an indicator of the "social level." After all, shoes, like other parts of medieval clothing, directly informed everyone around them about the status of their mistress. Another thing is that it is extremely difficult to walk on such "stilts" in bulky dresses without the help of handmaids.
Tommaso Garzoni (1549-1589), an Italian Renaissance writer wrote of them: "These shoes made women so tall that in St. Mark's Square the short-haired looked like giants, and the tall ones looked like spires of houses"
The Catholic Church tried to resist the fashion for chopins (up to an attempt to directly ban their wearing in 1430 in Venice), calling these shoes "restless and depraved," but this did not prevent its distribution throughout Europe until the middle of the 17th century.
600g
Roman Empire
Main article: Roman Empire
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