3D Bioprinting Solutions 3D Bioprinting Solyushens

The mission of Solutions 3D Bioprinting Laboratory is practical development and implementation of 3D technologies - bioprintings in regenerative medicine in Russia. The company is engaged in development of technology of three-dimensional bioprinting of organ constructs from autologichny cells of the patient.

Annually in the world 100,000 organs transplantation are performed in total. As of 2017, about 25-30% expecting queue on transplantation perish, for example daily only in the USA about 17 patients perish, without having waited for transaction.

Results of the researches "3D Bioprinting Solyushens" can help to solve a problem of incompatibility of donor organs, will give the chance to receive prototypes of bodies and to develop the effective methods of a tkanezameshcheniye allowing to return completely lost functions and bodies.

History

2019

3D Bioprinting Solutions is going to print an ovary

On November 27, 2019 there was information that the laboratory of the biotechnology researches 3D Bioprinting Solutions is going to create the first-ever human body printed using technology of bioprinting. It will be an ovary. The research supervisor of laboratory of biotechnology researches Vladimir Mironov reported about it.

As he specified, experts already work on creation of this body. Process of creation of an ovary is intended to be robotized. Mirans explained the choice of body with the fact that for the proof of its functioning only one cage is necessary.^[1]

Printing on the colibacillus 3D-printer in the conditions of a microgravity

On October 10, 2019 there was information that astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) for the first time in the world printed colibacillus on the 3D-printer in the conditions of a microgravity. It managed to be made using the bioprinter from Solutions 3D Bioprinting company.

The colibacillus sample already is in Institute of the academician N.F. Gamalei where our colleagues carry out the analysis of the received results. We want to check as far as they became aggressive and antibiotikorezistentny in the conditions of space — scientists noted.

Heads of a research explained that the main goal of an experiment on 3D - printings in space is a data acquisition which, as expected, will help when developing antibiotics for fight against steady terrestrial bacteria.

Also during the experiment there will be an opportunity to study new diseases which developing is not excluded at long flights.

As reported, recently at the ISS it was succeeded to print bacteria in zero gravity conditions. It is the first similar experience, specialists specify. After printing of a bacterium of colibacillus gathered in a biofilm — it happens on Earth at chronic bronchitis.^[2]

Completion of an experiment on bioprinting of muscular tissue onboard the ISS

As it became known on October 9, 2019 Solutions, Meal Source Technologies, Aleph Farms and Finless Foods 3D Bioprinting companies completed the first experiment on bioprinting of muscular tissue onboard the ISS in the conditions of a microgravity.

The technology of magnetic bioprinting 3D Bioprinting Solutions, using magnetic field instead of a biodegradable substrate for biomaterial printing became a basis of the joint project. Within the experiment three types of fabrics — the fabric of cattle provided by Aleph Farms company, the tissue of fish of a fundulus provided by Finless Foods company and tissue of a rabbit from Meal Source Technologies company were grown up.

Cages grow up in special nutrient medium, and then collect from them artificial muscular tissue. This process happens on Earth more slowly as it is limited by gravitation, and meat grows at thin layers. In the conditions of the ISS muscular tissue grows extensively and this process happens quicker.

It is supposed that the project will lay the foundation for search of renewable sources of protein for long-term space missions. Besides, results of an experiment will be used for expansion of production capacities on cultivation of meat on Earth.^[3]

The project manager on bioprinting, the managing partner 3D Bioprinting Solutions Yusef Hesuani noted that now in plans at the partner companies to make bigger amount of artificial meat at the ISS, but for this purpose it is necessary to deliver the additional hardware to the station at first. According to Hesuani, on Earth for growing of cellular meat use bioreactors or devices which provide optimal conditions for development of biological subjects of the Sintekon brand. Also in 3D Bioprinting Solutions are going to use bioreactors which are on foreign segments of the space station.

According to the director of Aleph Farms Didier Toubia, cultivation of meat in such a way will help to save natural resources. He said that on production of kilogram of normal beef about 10–15 thousand liters of water leave, and failure from meat and dairy products is the best method of decrease in negative impact of the person on the environment. By meat production there is a big emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that, in turn, can lead to global climate change.^[4]

The experiment on "cultivation" of artificial beef in 3D - the bioprinter is planned for the ISS

On February 28, 2019 it became known that joint experiment of Roskosmos and 3D laboratory - bioprinting on "cultivation" of artificial beef, a salmon and blue tuna is planned for October, 2019 at the ISS. Yusef Hesuani, the managing partner of Solutions 3D Bioprinting laboratory told about it.

The scientific companies in December, 2018 already printed in the conditions of zero gravity at the ISS of tissue of thyroid gland of a mouse and a human cartilage from living cells. At the same time specialists are going not to be limited to the field of regenerative medicine.

We with colleagues from Roskosmos and Institute of medicobiological problems of RAS painted the term of future experiments till 2024. In 2019 previously we plan flights for July and October. It is not sure that we will precisely be in time for July — we need to prepare still a large number of documentation — but we very much would like to be in time. And we plan the project which to me seemed complete madness in May, 2018 for the end of 2019 — experiments on printing of artificial meat. Yusef Hesuani, managing partner of Solutions 3D Bioprinting laboratory

It will be experiments on printing from synthetic materials, i.e. to use will be put not living cells, but ceramic materials. However in the conditions of space such materials begin to behave as living tissues, and scientists want to study this effect.

These experiments are intended to solve a problem of providing astronauts with a power supply during distant flights. From muscle cells 3D - the bioprinter in the conditions of zero gravity will try "grow up" so-called "engineering meat".

The idea consists in creating self-replicating meat, self-replicating food. We can cultivate cages, cages will directly share on the International Space Station, but to receive muscle cells — it does not mean yet to receive meat".

Therefore the Russian scientists are going to carry out works together with several American and European startups, Hesuani noted.

The experiment on printing of bodies in space became the joint project of Roskosmos, medical company "Invitro" and residents of Skolkovo Foundation — Solutions 3D Bioprinting laboratory. Experience was considered successful: the structure of the received living tissues meets standards, but detailed studying of behavior of the cages delivered from space still will continue. In the long term, data of this research will form the basis of experiments in the field of regenerative medicine^[5].

2018

Sending new 3D - the bioprinter at the ISS

On December 3, 2018 the spaceship with new crew of the ISS successfully started from Baikonur. On it there is new magnetic  3D - the bioprinter  instead of the device lost during accident of "Union-FG" nearly two months before.

The carrier rocket should bring in space "the Union of MS-11" with the astronaut Oleg Kononenko and Ann Makkleyn's astronauts out of the USA and David Seong-Jacques from Canada. Initially their flight was planned for the end of December, but because of October accident with the carrier rocket it was transferred. 

As told RIA Novosti, the CEO of Invitro company (owns the developer of the bioprinter  — Solutions 3D Bioprinting laboratory) Alexander Ostrovsky, that lost bioprinter was not insured therefore the company  did not receive any payments and  compensation. However losses were noncritical and plans were not overset as at 3D Bioprinting Solutions there were several bioprinters, he noted.^[6]

New 3D - sent the bioprinter to the ISS instead of the device lost in October, 2018

 3D Bioprinting Solutions developed the bioprinter especially for work in  zero gravity. It  works with the spheroids with a diameter about pairs hundreds micrometers consisting of  living cells. As printing should occur in  zero gravity, the printer  does not push out spheroids through a nozzle, and  collects in  the center of the printing area  using magnetic field. 

Magnetic 3D - the bioprinter is created for cultivation of living tissues, and afterwards and bodies, but also it can be used for studying of influence of conditions of space on live objects in long flights. 

   Accident, the first in the history of modern Russia, in  the piloted astronautics occurred on October 11. The carrier rocket "Union-FG"  could not bring the Union of MS-10 spaceship with  new crew of the ISS to  an orbit, but  astronauts managed to be evacuated in  the rescue capsule to  Earth. Members of a mission of the ISS-57/58 Russian Alexey Ovchinin and  American Nick Haig  did not suffer.

The bioprinter was in  a household compartment which at  tough landing was deformed so strongly that loads  did not survive.

Preparation of the next 3D-printer for sending to the ISS

As it became known on October 16, 2018, the Russian company 3D Bioprinting Solutions does not intend to refuse plans for carrying out experiments for space bioprinting and prepares the next 3D-printer on replacement to the device destroyed as a result of recent accident of the carrier rocket "Union-FG".

The managing partner of Solutions 3D Bioprinting company Yusef Hesuani confirmed that the first sample of the domestic space 3D-printer Body.Avt is destroyed as a result of accident of the carrier rocket "Union-FG" which occurred on October 11. The equipment was not in the lowered capsule, and in the separated household compartment of the Union of MS-10 spaceship which burned down in the atmosphere. But the enterprise already actively prepares replacement.

As Hesuani, at the 3D-printer "there is a backup" which will shortly go to the International Space Station instead of the died predecessor explained. Developers initially assembled three devices, one of which was used for ground tests, the second at once — for training of crew, and the third had to be set at the ISS if not ill-fated accident. At the same time, it seems to the most probable that for resending the equipment will be manufactured from scratch.

When restart takes place, it is not reported yet. It is known that the option with sending the backup on the Progress freighter is considered, but such scenario will be integrated to certain difficulties. The matter is that if the crew of come-back Union methodically studied work with the equipment at Earth, then the crew in an orbit should get acquainted with the equipment in the emergency order and at the same time far off.

As you know, still nobody was engaged in bioprinting in space, and the Russian scientists apply for superiority in this area. Meanwhile, the American colleagues prepare own device (on an illustration above) and the program of experiments for 3D - printing of tissues of heart. Sending the 3D-printer developed by request of NASA by nScrypt and Techshot companies is planned for February, 2019.^[7]

2017

3D - printing of living tissues in space

In September, 2017 it became known of plans 3D Bioprinting Solutions to adjust 3D - printing of living tissues onboard the International Space Station (ISS) for three years before term.

Initially an experiment on 3D - printings of living tissues at the ISS were going to make in four years. Thanks to connection of divisions of Roskosmos, RSC Energia and TsNIIMash term can be reduced to one year, TASS with reference to the press service of Roskosmos reports.

There noted that project implementation acceleration, in particular, is possible due to carrying out training of crew on specially created training model of the bioprinter, but not on a real sample.

Fabric spheroids

The essence of the project consists in creation of the magnetic bioprinter which in the conditions of lack of gravitation will be able to display organelles and fabric constructions sensitive to radiation. Results of an experiment will be able to help scientists to study possibilities of creation of difficult anatomical structures and also to develop mechanisms of protection of astronauts against influence of radiation to which they are exposed during the long piloted projects.

Initiators of the project set tasks of studying of a possibility of creation in the conditions of weightlessness of more difficult anatomical structures and also development of the system of protection of astronauts against space radiation during the long piloted flights.

Main objective of an experiment — testing of a new method of a biofabrication [artificial production of live bodies — a comment of TASS] three-dimensional fabric constructions in the conditions of zero gravity. All bioprinters existing today work by the principle of additive, i.e. layer-by-layer production. In space — in the conditions of a microgravity — use of essentially new approach of "formativny" production of fabric constructs and organelles is possible — said in Roskosmos.[8]

The 3D-printer for printing of human bodies on the basis of a magnetic trap

In July, 2017 3D Bioprinting Solutions provided a new type of 3D-printers for printing of human bodies – on the basis of a magnetic trap.

The new type of bioprinters provided 3D Bioprinting Solutions – magnetic. The bioprinter uses spheroids – the bioink created from stem cells. The bioprinter creates a magnetic trap in which spheroids gather in fabric.

The bioprinter on a magnetic trap in working order with the inserted spheroid

As the representative 3D Bioprinting Solutions explained CNews, there is a theory that the magnetic bioprinter is capable to reproduce more precisely during the work the fabric cultivation course just as it occurs in a live organism, than the Fabion printer^[9]. For the magnetic bioprinter the zero gravity is necessary.

In the conditions of terrestrial gravitation for operation of the bioprinter it is required to increase force of magnetic fields significantly. Besides, during the work on Earth there is a pulling of the printed fabrics.

For check of operation of the magnetic bioprinter in the conditions of zero gravity the Solutions 3D Bioprinting company agreed about sending the device to the International Space Station.

2016: The agreement with URSC on development of the bioprinter for the ISS

On August 04, 2016 the United Rocket and Space Corporation (URSC) (enters into Roskosmos state corporation) signed the agreement with the company "3D Bioprinting Solyushens" on cooperation within which it is going to create the unique bioprinter for a magnetic biofabrication of fabrics and organ constructs in the conditions of zero gravity on the International Space Station (ISS) (is more detailed about the project).

2015: The first-ever construct of a mouse thyroid gland on the Fabion printer is printed

In 2015 the company developed the first 3D - the bioprinter – Fabion. On it in laboratory print a thyroid gland. Feature of Fabion is printing of body a layer behind a layer from biomaterial.

In March, 2015 the first-ever functional organ construct of a mouse thyroid gland is printed.

In November, 2015 "3D Bioprinting Solyushens" for the first time provided official data on printing of a thyroid gland of a mouse. The presentation took place within the international conference on a biofabrication in the city of Utrecht, Netherlands.

The grant from Skolkovo on a subject is received: "Development and optimization of technology of three-dimensional bioprinting using original 3D Bioprinter". Successfully reported for a grant.

The company is ready to develop modifications and the customized versions of the bioprinter and also new models under problems of the academic structures and organizations from different spheres of economy (medicine, the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, the industry of a fashion and design, etc.)

2014: The first domestic 3D - the bioprinter is created

In the summer of 2014 it is announced development and release of the first domestic 3D - the bioprinter of own original construction and design. Original technical and engineering solution is based on features of own technology of bioprinting. The patent application is submitted.

The unique software is developed.

Works on creation of a complex technology platform on a biofabrication are conducted.

Own bioink is created, the technology of mass production of fabric spheroids is mastered.

2013: The founder of Invitro network with the partner creates the company

The Solutions 3D Bioprinting company is created by Alexander Ostrovsky, the founder of network of medical laboratories "Invitro", and the entrepreneur Yusef Hesuani. Developments in the company Vladimir Mironov, the Soviet scientist emigrating to the USA, but then who came back to Russia directs. Mironov has a number of patents in the field of printing of human bodies.

It is highly appreciated by expert board of the innovation center Skolkovo. The participant Skolkovo since 2013. The modern research laboratory in Moscow (Kashirskoye Highway) is constructed and equipped

The international team of research associates is created. The intellectual potential and unique experience of leading experts of the industry of regenerative medicine is integrated. The collaboration at the international level of the scientific groups working at the principles of evidential medicine is performed.

Works according to the approved concept under the scientific guide of the fabric engineer, inventor of technology of printing of bodies and a biofabrication V.A. Mironov, M.D., Ph.D., professor, department of three-dimensional technologies, CTI, Brazil are begun; engineering school of Department of chemical and biological engineering of the State Virginia State University, USA. Author of the patents "Production of Vascular Prostheses from Nanofibres"; "Device for production of fabric sferoyd"; "Hydrogel for receiving volume fabric constructs", etc.

Notes