The road map of development of technologies of the distributed register (blockchain)

Main article: The policy of the state on development of a blockchain in Russia

2020: Rostec submitted the draft of the road map. The plan of investments into development of a blockchain is cut down twice

On January 27, 2020 it became known of the solution of Russia approximately twice to cut down the planned investments into development of a blockchain. Experts consider that the agiotage around technology falls down.

Investments in development of a blockchain in Russia till 2024 are planned in the amount of 28.4 billion rubles. Before costs for implementation of this technology were estimated at 55-85 billion rubles,   Kommersant with reference to Rostec state corporation and the draft of the road map prepared by it writes.

The budget by development of a blockchain in Russia was reduced twice

Besides, expectations of economic effect of use of a blockchain changed. The potential direct effect from  implementation of technology was estimated at  782.1 billion rubles, and  indirect  — at  853 billion rubles that in  the amount gave nearly 1.64 trillion rubles. By the end of January, 2020 it is about  what domestic blockchain technology 500 billion rubles will allow economy to save and  in addition to collect up to  600 billion rubles in  a type of tax.

The "road map" prepared by Rostec assumes transfer to  a blockchain of all state information systems  and also use of this technology for goods marking and   in the field of  housing and public utilities.  The Novosibirsk Institute of Program Systems (NIPS) entering into Rostec is engaged in the project. By the end of January, 2020 the draft of "road map" is being approved with the government.

Rostec connects decrease in the forecast of economic effect, including, with change of a macroeconomic situation. According to the representative of state corporation, the Russian market in these conditions develops organically and prefers the least risky way.

After "general euphoria" on a blockchain it became clear that the technology is imperfect and requires further development, the lawyer of Deloitte Legal in the CIS Mikhail Zhuzhzhalov says. According to him, so far resources for it in Russia only large players locate.^[1]

2019: Rosatom announces competition on development of the road map on a blockchain

On March 1, 2019 Rosatom announced long-awaited competitions on development of road maps on end-to-end digital technologies, including – on technologies of the distributed register (blockchain). The cost of development of the most road map on a blockchain small - 11.7 million rubles, however according to the road map should be built the state support a blockchain industry till 2024.

This article – attempt to provide what should be "road map" on technologies of the distributed register, relying, on the one hand, on experience of implementation of a row a blockchain projects, on the other hand – on permanent monitoring a blockchain projects and market trends in Russia and abroad^[2]. In article there is a speech not about cryptocurrencies and normative regulation, and about application of a blockchain for increase in efficiency of different business processes.

According to the road map on a blockchain the state support of the industry should be built

As well as any similar strategic document developed for public funds, "road map" it is burdened by a set of requirements and formulations which, obliging to perform the whole complex of works with use of certain tools (that, in fact is correct), at the same time blur the purpose of work a little – to receive a target image and a set of measures of the state support for further development a blockchain industry in Russia.

For development of the road map, first, it is necessary to structure blockchain scopes. We use for this purpose two indicators: for what and who uses a blockchain.

The general answer to a question – "for what?" can sound as digitalization of different services – transition from paper carriers to digital, from personal visits of different organizations to online interactions, from manual information processing to automated.

Certainly, digitalization of many processes is possible also without blockchain – using the centralized digital platforms. However far not everywhere the centralized digital platforms were widely adopted that is connected both with questions of trust/cyber security, and with questions of need of providing to the centralized platforms of personal/confidential data that, for various reasons, cannot be desirable (for example, disclosure of information on partners of financial institutions, or about volumes and the directions of transportation of goods, etc.).

It is possible to select two main objectives of application of a blockchain:

• Creation of the environment of trust – nobody a post factum can imperceptibly make changes (or it is much more difficult to make it, than at the centralized databases). Examples of application are elections, distribution of places to queues to a garden.
• Automation based on the created trust environment – thanks to trust as to initial data, and algorithms of their processing (smart contracts on a blockchain) appears a possibility of process automation in those spheres where the centralized digital platforms for various reasons did not gain development (trade financing, supply chains, a design of a mortgage and so forth)

The second indicator - who uses a blockchain? Here we will try to separate applications into where the blockchain mediates interactions of people, and on where the blockchain mediates interactions of machines. The first group of applications, undoubtedly, is more usual, however the last researches note the increasing interest in use of a blockchain for IoT-applications and the intercomputer interaction^[3].

Secondly, for each scope, it is necessary to set a target picture of development.

Validity period of the road map is set till 2024 I.e. for realization of goals of the road map there are about 5.5 years. Taking into account that blockchain technology (if to consider from emergence of bitcoin) was only 10 years old recently – the term of "road map" quite big.

For the last 5 years a blockchain system passed a huge way of development in the technology roadmap. In 2017-2018 the set pilot a blockchain projects both in the world, and in Russia was started, and since the end 2018 beginnings of 2019 we see a wave of starts "live" a blockchain projects (let still very few people from them work at full capacity, but these are already really "live" projects) from the largest industry companies.

In Russia there are also examples of implementation a blockchain projects the largest companies: the blockchain is tested by banks and financial institutions (Sberbank, Alfa-Bank, NSD, Raiffeisenbank), industrial corporations (Gazprom Neft, the Russian Railway) and the state departments (Rosreestr, RPF, the Ministry of Economic Development).

Blockchain radar: World

* - placement of projects on the radar is conditional and reflects a view of authors of development of projects on the basis of data from open sources. Can not match the real level of development of projects.

Blockchain radar: Russia

* - placement of projects on the radar is conditional and reflects a view of authors of development of projects on the basis of data from open sources. Can not match the real level of development of projects.

It is possible to expect that for the following of 5.5 years in Russia start of a number large a blockchain projects is possible. Rather ambitious, but implementable target picture of development of a blockchain in Russia is reflected in the table below.

Thirdly, what can be actions of the state for achievement of a target picture?

The blockchain does not require the big capital investments or start of long research projects. In this market in Russia there is no lack neither of investments, nor of strong technical teams (deficit experienced a specialists blockchain is, but their quantity will grow together with quantity and scale implemented a blockchain projects).

Therefore unlike many other end-to-end digital technologies stimulation, first of all, not of the offer, but demand is important for a blockchain.

The special blockchain fund from which federal and regional agencies could receive (about) financing on start pilot a blockchain projects could become the key tool within similar policy from the state. Similar approach to support a blockchain industry for March, 2019 is implemented in Yu. To Korea where the profile ministry will co-finance more than 10 a blockchain projects in a public sector in 2019^[24].

Besides, start large interdepartmental a blockchain projects – implementation of a blockchain in SIEI or in a digital profile of citizens could become an important step from the Government.

In addition, since for many business processes it is crucial to provide automation not only between the different companies, but also in interactions with regulating authorities (for example, with FCS, FTS, Rosreestr, etc.), it is desirable to create at the level of the government commissions the working groups on development of blockchain platforms in different sectors with participation of profile state departments.

Blockchain industry in Russia "soft" tools could become one more group of measures for development support: promoting and training in a blockchain; support blockchain associations and so forth.

Well and, of course, an important subject is creation of a backlog on the future – namely development a blockchain systems together with the intercomputer interaction. Here the organization of grant and competitive support of developers is necessary.

Authors of article:

• Frolov Alexander
• Ponomarenko Sergey
• Kalganov Igor

Notes