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2019/03/19 11:11:23

The road map of development of technologies of the distributed register (blockchain)

As technologies of the distributed register in Russia till 2024 will develop.

Content

Main article: The policy of the state on development of a blockchain in Russia

2020: Rostec submitted the draft of the road map. The plan of investments into development of a blockchain is cut down twice

On January 27, 2020 it became known of the solution of Russia approximately twice to cut down the planned investments into development of a blockchain. Experts consider that the agiotage around technology falls down.

Investments in development of a blockchain in Russia till 2024 are planned in the amount of 28.4 billion rubles. Before costs for implementation of this technology were estimated at 55-85 billion rubles,   Kommersant with reference to Rostec state corporation and the draft of the road map prepared by it writes.

The budget by development of a blockchain in Russia was reduced twice

Besides, expectations of economic effect of use of a blockchain changed. The potential direct effect from  implementation of technology was estimated at  782.1 billion rubles, and  indirect  — at  853 billion rubles that in  the amount gave nearly 1.64 trillion rubles. By the end of January, 2020 it is about  what domestic blockchain technology 500 billion rubles will allow economy to save and  in addition to collect up to  600 billion rubles in  a type of tax.

The "road map" prepared by Rostec assumes transfer to  a blockchain of all state information systems  and also use of this technology for goods marking and   in the field of  housing and public utilities.  The Novosibirsk Institute of Program Systems (NIPS) entering into Rostec is engaged in the project. By the end of January, 2020 the draft of "road map" is being approved with the government.

Rostec connects decrease in the forecast of economic effect, including, with change of a macroeconomic situation. According to the representative of state corporation, the Russian market in these conditions develops organically and prefers the least risky way.

After "general euphoria" on a blockchain it became clear that the technology is imperfect and requires further development, the lawyer of Deloitte Legal in the CIS Mikhail Zhuzhzhalov says. According to him, so far resources for it in Russia only large players locate.[1]

2019: Rosatom announces competition on development of the road map on a blockchain

On March 1, 2019 Rosatom announced long-awaited competitions on development of road maps on end-to-end digital technologies, including – on technologies of the distributed register (blockchain). The cost of development of the most road map on a blockchain small - 11.7 million rubles, however according to the road map should be built the state support a blockchain industry till 2024.

This article – attempt to provide what should be "road map" on technologies of the distributed register, relying, on the one hand, on experience of implementation of a row a blockchain projects, on the other hand – on permanent monitoring a blockchain projects and market trends in Russia and abroad[2]. In article there is a speech not about cryptocurrencies and normative regulation, and about application of a blockchain for increase in efficiency of different business processes.

According to the road map on a blockchain the state support of the industry should be built

As well as any similar strategic document developed for public funds, "road map" it is burdened by a set of requirements and formulations which, obliging to perform the whole complex of works with use of certain tools (that, in fact is correct), at the same time blur the purpose of work a little – to receive a target image and a set of measures of the state support for further development a blockchain industry in Russia.

For development of the road map, first, it is necessary to structure blockchain scopes. We use for this purpose two indicators: for what and who uses a blockchain.

The general answer to a question – "for what?" can sound as digitalization of different services – transition from paper carriers to digital, from personal visits of different organizations to online interactions, from manual information processing to automated.

Certainly, digitalization of many processes is possible also without blockchain – using the centralized digital platforms. However far not everywhere the centralized digital platforms were widely adopted that is connected both with questions of trust/cyber security, and with questions of need of providing to the centralized platforms of personal/confidential data that, for various reasons, cannot be desirable (for example, disclosure of information on partners of financial institutions, or about volumes and the directions of transportation of goods, etc.).

It is possible to select two main objectives of application of a blockchain:

  • Creation of the environment of trust – nobody a post factum can imperceptibly make changes (or it is much more difficult to make it, than at the centralized databases). Examples of application are elections, distribution of places to queues to a garden.
  • Automation based on the created trust environment – thanks to trust as to initial data, and algorithms of their processing (smart contracts on a blockchain) appears a possibility of process automation in those spheres where the centralized digital platforms for various reasons did not gain development (trade financing, supply chains, a design of a mortgage and so forth)

The second indicator - who uses a blockchain? Here we will try to separate applications into where the blockchain mediates interactions of people, and on where the blockchain mediates interactions of machines. The first group of applications, undoubtedly, is more usual, however the last researches note the increasing interest in use of a blockchain for IoT-applications and the intercomputer interaction[3].

For that/whom the blockchain is used People Machines

Trust environment

Elections, queue to garden/school, diplomas about education

Data storage from IoT-devices

Automation based on the created trust environment

Verification of personal data, processes of trade financing, supply chain of goods and logistics, processes of a design of a mortgage

The intercomputer interaction (data exchange between the approaching autonomous cars, automatic sale of the electric power in digital power networks

Secondly, for each scope, it is necessary to set a target picture of development.

Validity period of the road map is set till 2024 I.e. for realization of goals of the road map there are about 5.5 years. Taking into account that blockchain technology (if to consider from emergence of bitcoin) was only 10 years old recently – the term of "road map" quite big.

For the last 5 years a blockchain system passed a huge way of development in the technology roadmap. In 2017-2018 the set pilot a blockchain projects both in the world, and in Russia was started, and since the end 2018 beginnings of 2019 we see a wave of starts "live" a blockchain projects (let still very few people from them work at full capacity, but these are already really "live" projects) from the largest industry companies.

In Russia there are also examples of implementation a blockchain projects the largest companies: the blockchain is tested by banks and financial institutions (Sberbank, Alfa-Bank, NSD, Raiffeisenbank), industrial corporations (Gazprom Neft, the Russian Railway) and the state departments (Rosreestr, RPF, the Ministry of Economic Development).

Blockchain radar: World

Blockchain radar world

* - placement of projects on the radar is conditional and reflects a view of authors of development of projects on the basis of data from open sources. Can not match the real level of development of projects.

Blockchain radar: Russia

Blockchain radar Russia

* - placement of projects on the radar is conditional and reflects a view of authors of development of projects on the basis of data from open sources. Can not match the real level of development of projects.


It is possible to expect that for the following of 5.5 years in Russia start of a number large a blockchain projects is possible. Rather ambitious, but implementable target picture of development of a blockchain in Russia is reflected in the table below.

Scope Target image Examples from the Russian and world practice

Creation of the environment of trust in interaction of people

The election of the president of the Russian Federation in 2024 should take place on the digital platform where at identification technologies of a blockchain will be used

Queues in gardens/schools / to receiving different sotsuslug and subsidies in million-plus cities should be transferred to a blockchain

The "digital profile" of citizens using a blockchain for information storage about citizens functions

In the different industries (financial, logistic, etc.) the blockchain network, integrating both the leading companies, and the state regulators are started. Based on these a blockchain networks the competing development teams create the applications allowing to automate different business processes (identification of users, factoring, bank guarantees, mortgage mortgages, accounting of bonds, repo transactions, splitting of payments, etc.)

In different social spheres (education, health care, etc.) digital platforms on a blockchain the verifications allowing to save and provide an opportunity should be started (i.e. not access to information, and a possibility of its check with the necessary level of accuracy) "a digital trace" of citizens (school and high school education, a disease) it has to be stored using technologies of a blockchain (the fork who and what access should have to these data remains here)

The largest companies develop a blockchain projects, connected with ensuring traceability of chains of goods. There is an integration to profile state departments: FCS, Federal Accreditation Service and dr

In the system of interdepartmental electronic interaction (SIEI) the blockchain is implemented that allows to increase security

At intermediate congressional elections of the USA more than 140 citizens voted far off through a blockchain-application[4]

In Moscow in 2017 the blockchain is integrated into the system of online votes of citizens "The active citizen"[5]

In Moscow in 2018 the blockchain is integrated into the system of distribution of places at day off fairs[6].

In Astana since February 1, 2019 the updated system of formation of queue in kindergarten using a blockchain[7] began to work[8].

Land cadastre on a blockchain in Georgia[9].

The government of New South Wales (Australia) applied blockchain technology to implementation of the state program of digitization of driver's licenses[10].

Corda started a financial marketplace[11][12].

IBM and group of European Banks started a blockchain platform for trade financing[13].

Alfa-Bank created the platform for calculations for housing and public utilities on a blockchain[14].

The MyPCR blockchain platform in Great Britain is used for access control to personal data of patients and process automation of interaction of the medical[15].

Announced PwC start of the Smart Credentials blockchain platform for confirmation of qualification[16].

IBM and Maersk started the platform for digitalization of sea cargo transportation[17].

Gazprom Neft tested a blockchain at management of the supply chain of the equipment for the oil-extracting Prirazlomnaya platform[18].

A system X-Tee (earlier - X-Road) in Estonia[19].

Creation of the environment of trust for IoT

Significantly development of IoT-solutions on production, in transport and the infrastructure industries accelerates that occurs against the background of increase in cyber security of IoT-solutions due to application of a blockchain

The integrated IoT and a solution blockchain for control of obligations of two interacting parties (for example, temperature sensors are widely adopted at logistics of perishable goods)

Application of a blockchain in IoT industry in 2018 doubled[20].

Solution blockchain for control of conditions of transportation of medicines [21] won the first prize at tender of digital innovations in Switzerland].

The intercomputer interaction

Projects on use of a blockchain for information exchange between autonomous vehicles, within local digital power networks, etc. are tested.

Winners of competition of The MOBI Grand Challenge provided a solution blockchain for data exchange between the approaching independent machines, between autonomous cars and infrastructure[22].

Nearly a half a blockchain projects in power industry is connected with development of p2p[23].


Thirdly, what can be actions of the state for achievement of a target picture?

The blockchain does not require the big capital investments or start of long research projects. In this market in Russia there is no lack neither of investments, nor of strong technical teams (deficit experienced a specialists blockchain is, but their quantity will grow together with quantity and scale implemented a blockchain projects).

Therefore unlike many other end-to-end digital technologies stimulation, first of all, not of the offer, but demand is important for a blockchain.

The special blockchain fund from which federal and regional agencies could receive (about) financing on start pilot a blockchain projects could become the key tool within similar policy from the state. Similar approach to support a blockchain industry for March, 2019 is implemented in Yu. To Korea where the profile ministry will co-finance more than 10 a blockchain projects in a public sector in 2019[24].

Besides, start large interdepartmental a blockchain projects – implementation of a blockchain in SIEI or in a digital profile of citizens could become an important step from the Government.

In addition, since for many business processes it is crucial to provide automation not only between the different companies, but also in interactions with regulating authorities (for example, with FCS, FTS, Rosreestr, etc.), it is desirable to create at the level of the government commissions the working groups on development of blockchain platforms in different sectors with participation of profile state departments.

Blockchain industry in Russia "soft" tools could become one more group of measures for development support: promoting and training in a blockchain; support blockchain associations and so forth.

Well and, of course, an important subject is creation of a backlog on the future – namely development a blockchain systems together with the intercomputer interaction. Here the organization of grant and competitive support of developers is necessary.

Authors of article:

Notes

  1. To a blockchain cut off the budget
  2. the Center of practical application a blockchain of technologies of Orbit
  3. of Blockchain for TMT 2019
  4. of Voatz 2018 General Election: A Huge Success for West Virginia
  5. As the authorities of Moscow implement a blockchain in city projects
  6. As the authorities of Moscow implement a blockchain in city projects
  7. [https://elorda.info/ru/news/view/tehnologiyu-blokcheyna-primenyat-dlya-avtomatizacii-ocheredi-v-detsady-v-astane Technology of a blockchain
  8. will apply to automation of queue in kindergartens in Astana]
  9. the Land cadastre on a blockchain
  10. Australia transfers digital driver's licenses to a blockchain
  11. of Marketplace of R3 R3's CordaCon Event Sees Big News
  12. , Packed Talks and Blockchain Converts
  13. of we.trade we.trade blockchain platform completes multiple Real-time customer transactions
  14. Alfa-Bank and "the Rent 24" increase transparency of calculations for housing and communal services
  15. organizations World's first blockchain-supported Personal Care Record Platform launched by Guardtime and partners to up to 30 million NHS patients in the UK
  16. of PwC launches blockchain credentialing solution
  17. of TradeLens Maersk and IBM Introduce TradeLens Blockchain Shipping Solution
  18. of Software to the principle of DNA: that the general at bitcoin and oil market
  19. Data Exchange Layer X-tee
  20. Almost half of companies still cannot detect IoT device breaches, reveals Gemalto study
  21. [https://modum.io/news/modum-wins-digital-innovation-year Modum wins Digital innovation of the year
  22. of Chorus mobility wins blockchain MOBI challenge
  23. of World Energy Insights Brief 2018 marketplaces
  24. of South Korea to Double Blockchain Trials in Public Sector Next Year