Network Protocol
A network protocol is a set of predefined rules and technical procedures that regulate the order and methodology of communication between personal computers combined into a single network. Several organizations are involved in the approval of network protocols, their standardization. In particular, Internet protocols are approved by the IETF, and other protocols are IEEE or ISO. The ITU-T union deals directly with telecommunications protocols.
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Stacks
Currently, there are a large number of protocols that are designed to provide communication, but each of them performs its own tasks. Several protocols running simultaneously perform the following functions:
- Preparation of information
- Her handover
- Reception of information
- Auxiliary actions
This division into functions allows protocols to work smoothly. Several protocols that work simultaneously are called a stack in a bundle. In most modern protocols, the layers in the stack coincide with the layers of the founding OSI model, which was developed and approved by the ISO certification committee in 1984. The stack is a certain conglomerate of protocols, being a single whole. The stack is divided into algorithmic levels. Each of these layers uses its own protocol to perform its tasks. Each level has its own set of rules. Basically, it is customary to allocate three types of stacks:
- Applied. Such protocols work at the highest level in accordance with the OSI model. They provide data exchange between OSI layers.
- Network. These protocols provide support for communication sessions between computers. In fact, they are a guarantee of high-quality and reliable communication.
- Transport. Such protocols are most popular, and are engaged in the provision of communication services. In fact, they control routing, routing, error checking, and retransmission requests.
Protocols can be added, removed, and selectively bound to all server network interfaces. By default, the order in which protocols are bound is determined by the sequence in which they were set. But at the same time, the administrator can always change this order for individual interfaces, which makes the management process more flexible. For example, TCP/IP protocols IPX and/SPX with TCP/priority can be bound to one interface, and the IP same protocols with IPX/SPX priority can be bound to another interface. In addition, you can optionally enable or disable network services for individual network interfaces, protocols, and combinations thereof. This allows administrators to easily create secure network configurations (for example, disable all network services for public direct-to interfaces). To the Internet
Remote Access Protocols
Windows operating systems include the Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS), which allows remote clients to transparently connect to a remote server. The RRAS service supports three remote access protocols:
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a standardized set of protocols that provides mechanisms for coordinating the parameters of data transfer devices, compressing transmitted information in order to improve the efficiency and reliability of transmission, detecting and correcting errors, as well as protection mechanisms that prevent unauthorized connections.
- Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) is a simple protocol that does not have the means to detect errors that occur during data transmission, and allows you to use only the IP network layer protocol, which makes it ineffective.
- Asynchronous NetBEUI (AsyBEUI) is a Microsoft remote access service protocol, also known as asynchronous NetBEUI. It is used by legacy remote access clients running Windows NT, Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups, MS-DOS and LAN Manager.
Examples of standard protocol stacks
Examples of protocols
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
See also
OSI Open Systems Interconnection Model
Interesting facts
The word protocol came from the combination protos, which from ancient Greek means "first" and kolla means ("glue"). This name was awarded to the first sheet glued to the scroll. It recorded the basic information, date, name of the scribe, as well as the summary of the scroll itself.
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