Digital formats

Development and widespread introduction of any products and technologies are impossible without standardization. For 2020 in the world exists many organizations which are engaged in standardization at national and international level including:

• Gosstandart of Russia (State committee of RSFSR on standardization, metrology and certification);
• ANSI (American National Standards Institute is American national standard institute, ANIS, develops standards on programming languages and interfaces, on network protocols, data transmission and data encryption);
• ECMA (European Computer Manufacturer’s Association is the European association of computer makers, association on standardization in the field of information and computing systems);
• ISO (International Standards Organization – International Organization for Standardization with a huge set of the created and created standards);
• IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission – the International Electrotechnical Commission, the IEC which is engaged in standards in the field of electronics and electrical equipment);
• IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) – Institute of electrical and electronic engineers and radio electronics, IEEE (USA), the world's largest professional organization which is responsible, in particular, for networking standards, standards according to the program and engineering systems;
• NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) – National Institute of standards and technologies of the USA, NIST.

Digital formats can be separated into two big categories conditionally:

• the standards and laws of level and the status of standards connected with digitalization of economy, with digital transformation (digital transformation) (for example, the Federal law (project) No. 419059-7 "About digital financial assets");
• standards on specific digital technologies.

Standards in the field of IT and VT, programming, network technologies, data transmission most are important for modern digital economy, including:

• standards on digital buses and interfaces (for example, I2C; PCI; USB, etc.);
• standards on methods of coding and compression, on formats of digital audio-and video records (for example, MPEG ISO/IEC, MP3, etc.);
• cryptographic standards, standards on data encryption (for example, AES);
• standards on programming languages (develops, in particular, ANSI, at the same time the standardized version of language receives the ANSI prefix, for example ANSI C, ANSI Fortran, ANSI SQL, ANSI Pascal, etc.);
• standards on creation of computer and communication networks and network protocols (for example, the IEEE 802.3 standards on Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet; Internet standards FTP HTTP , etc.);
• standards on technology of digital mobile cellular communication of different generations (from 0G to 5G, including standards NMT, AMPS CDMA, D-AMPS GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, WCDMA, 5G NR, etc.);
• standards of a digital trunking radio communication (for example, EDACS, TETRA, APCO 25, etc.);
• military standards on the equipment of MIL STD;
• standards on digital television (TsTV), the high definition television (HDT), its different formats (including 720p HD, 1080i HD, 4K HDR, HDTV, etc.).

The Digital Economy (DE) will demand a large number of new digital formats and laws, a part of which in 2020 is already developed, a part is only discussed. These standards and laws will concern the robotic systems, systems with artificial intelligence, smart houses and the cities, Internet of Things, additive manufacturing, new network technologies, standards of training in disciplines of TsE and a set of other things.

In IT the majority of modern standards, for 2020 more than 2.5 thousand, including digital (belonging to digital technologies), are not transferred to Russian (though translation procedure and adoptions of international standards in Russia was most simplified) not to mention that IT-Business have quite weak interest in development of new standards. TsE requires not just implementation of the existing and existing international standards, but also active participation of the Russian representatives in the International Organizations for Standardizations for creation of new standards taking into account our specifics. Development and approval of standards for TsE main instrument of regulation of quality of IT services and expansion of IT-Business.