Digital economy of Russia

Digital economy - activities to create, distribute and use digital technologies and related products and services.

National Program "Digital Economy"

Main article: National program Digital economy of the Russian Federation

Regulatory regulation

Main article: Regulatory regulation of the Digital Economy

Information infrastructure

Main article: Information infrastructure of the digital economy of Russia

Information security

Main article: Information security of the digital economy of Russia

Personnel and education

• IT Workforce Development (Federal Project)
• Personnel and education in the digital economy of Russia
• National Education Project

Digital Economy End-to-End Technologies

White Paper: Digital Economy End-to-End Technologies

End-to-end technologies are key scientific and technical areas that have the most significant impact on the development of new markets.

Digital economy costs

2021: Cost growth by 19% to 4.8 trillion rubles or 3.7% of GDP

Gross domestic costs for the development of the digital economy in 2021 amounted to 4.8 trillion rubles, which is 19.3% higher than in 2020 (in actual prices). The main contribution to the dynamics was provided by the organization.

Cooperation with other countries

Main article: Cooperation between Russia and other countries in the development of the digital economy

How the digital economy is turning the middle class into a precariat

Main article: Precariate

For 2018, the middle class, which reached the peak of its power in the 1970s, is slowly but surely sinking to the state of the precariat. And there are all the prerequisites that in the near future the evolution of the proletariat into the precariat will continue and the latter will become "unnecessary."

Digital ecosystems in Russia

Main article: Digital ecosystems in Russia

2024

Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin named the main areas of government work in the field of digitalization

On May 21, 2024, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin named the main directions of the state's work in the field of digitalization. According to the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, the tasks of digital transformation of Russia are large-scale and require coordinated actions of business and the state, there is a base for this.

One of the directions of the government's work in the field of digitalization is the transfer of critical information infrastructure (CII) to domestic software, the corresponding bill has been submitted to the State Duma. According to Mishustin, the functioning of payment systems, communication services, transport and energy spheres, etc., depends on the stability of KII.

source = Website of the Government of the Russian Federation

In addition, the Cabinet of Ministers will pay attention to the development of packaged software products and the provision of state support when introducing pilot projects in the field of information technology.

We will approve the standards of standard complex solutions, launch new mechanisms for the formation of combined purchases, - said Mikhail Mishustin.

He also noted that one of the government's tasks for the future is to train personnel to transform sectors of the economy. The creation of digital departments will continue, a single platform will be launched for all universities, which will allow young people to master and develop skills in a convenient format, the prime minister said.

He also pointed out the need to increase the production of engineers in automation and robotization of production. It is necessary to actively attract companies to participate in training in IT areas in universities, this should become a prerequisite for providing them with appropriate benefits, Mishustin emphasized.

Another priority, he called the further development of the cloud services infrastructure and the construction of new data centers.^[1]

Maksut Shadayev listed the main areas of activity of the Ministry of Digital Development

Maksut Shadayev, on the approval of the candidacies of ministers of the new composition of the Government of Russia, which was held in the State Duma on May 14, revealed the ten main tasks of the ^[2], on which it is planned to focus in the near future.

source = Evgeny Popov

The Ministry of Digital Development, in agreement with the IT Committee of the State Duma, announced the following priorities:

1. Create your own low-orbit satellite constellation to ensure fast and cheap Internet access throughout the country anywhere;
2. Organization of mass production of domestic base stations for the development of mobile communication networks of the 4th and 5th generations;
3. Increase the speed of Internet access in apartment buildings to 1 Gbps;
4. Eliminate digital inequality by connecting remote areas, creating the infrastructure of mobile high-speed Internet in the territory of small settlements and along public roads;
5. Ensure the stable operation of the Russian Post with the unconditional preservation of all its functionality and the entire network of branches;
6. Reduce the time to create and implement new information systems, both state and departmental, eliminate inequality between regions in terms of digitalization of authorities with their help;
7. Radically reducing the terms of provision of public services with the transition to a proactive, comprehensive, personal format for servicing citizens online;
8. Create conditions for improving the efficiency of enterprises due to the massive introduction of Russian software with the formation of scientific and technical groundwork for quantum computing, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity;
9. Improve the quality of training of IT specialists in universities by attracting specialized IT companies;
10. Fight against cyber fraud, fraud and spam, for which it is planned to rebuild the technology of operation of telecom operators, banks, digital platforms, law enforcement agencies.

Answering the questions of parliamentarians, Maksut Shadayev also announced plans to cancel roaming between Belarus and Russia, create a large state lake of impersonal data for training artificial intelligence.

source = Ministry of Digital Development

According to the results of the report, the State Duma approved Maksut Shadayev as Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation with 373 votes in favor and 1 against (57 deputies abstained).

The Ministry of Digital Development named 10 main priorities for the digitalization of Russia

The development of the space segment, mobile communications and broadband access infrastructure (broadband broadband) are named one of the main priorities for the digitalization of Russia. Information about this is contained in the document of the Ministry of Digital Development, published on April 26, 2024.

In total, the department identified 10 priorities, which are divided into three groups: "Basic Infrastructure" (five directions), "Digital Public Administration" (three directions) and "Digital Sovereignty" (two directions). In general, the list is as follows:

• Satellite groupings of broadband access DZ;
• Mobile broadband network (LTE/5G);
• Scaling of fixed broadband access infrastructure;
• IoT Infrastructure;
• Mobile wireless infrastructure;
• Public services and services;
• Digital Citizen ID Ecosystem;
• Gosoblako, Gosdata and platforming;
• Adaptive cybersecurity;
• Competitive IT industry.

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Unsplash

It is noted that the development of the satellite constellation provides for the withdrawal of satellites to provide broadband access services: these devices will be located in highly elliptical and low orbits. In the direction of mobile communications, it is planned to develop/LTE 4G networks in small settlements and along federal roads. The networks 5G are planned to fully cover cities with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants by 2028. By the same date, remote areas will be 100% provided with optical broadband access channels. It is envisaged to create a technological data network for the Internet of Things in the LTE-450 standard by 2026. Social institutions (schools, hospitals, etc.) will be 100% covered by networks. Wi-Fi

Quantum computing, artificial intelligence and microelectronics stand out among the promising areas of development of the IT industry. In terms of business support, tax incentives and measures are being prepared to stimulate demand for national solutions. In order to ensure cybersecurity, the relevant units should be formed in all government agencies and large companies.^[3]

Meeting of the State Council Working Group on the Digital Economy

2023

The main Russian IT trends of 2024 are named

The Higher School of Business HSE (VSHB) on December 1, 2023 shared TAdviser with the list of the top 10 main ones, To IT trends of the Russian economy which was compiled according to the results of a survey of more than 300 representatives of the Russian companies. In general, enterprises from 14 sectors of the economy, including manufacturing,,,,, industry,, etc., provided their answers retail power agriculture HOUSING AND PUBLIC UTILITIES. construction logistics transport More. here

Russia is moving away from "colonial dependence" in IT. Dmitry Chernyshenko and Maksut Shadayev announced the main results of 2022

On January 19, 2023, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko and Minister of Digital Development Maksut Shadayev, with the participation of industry experts, summed up the results in the field of the digital economy in Russia. 2022 was a very important year for the industry, Chernyshenko noted, because there was an important transformation, which consisted in reorienting to new markets and directions in the desire to achieve technological sovereignty and get away from the "colonial dependence" that we ourselves voluntarily entered before.

The results of the year in the field of digital economy were discussed in the coordination center of the government

All indicators of the national program "Digital Economy" in 2022 were overfulfilled. So, for example, according to the plan, 65% of socially significant services should have been transferred to electronic form, and in fact 99.97% were transferred. The planned share of households with broadband Internet access is 80%, and in fact 86.1% came out.

Investments in domestic IT solutions increased from 384.3 billion rubles to 521.9 billion rubles in 2022, with a previously planned figure of 517.2 billion rubles. At the same time, by 2030, investments should grow by 400%.

Dmitry Chernyshenko stressed that in 2022, according to the March decree of the President of the IT industry, unprecedented and operational support was provided. The third package of support measures at that time included tax preferences, a moratorium on inspections, preferential loans, including IT mortgages, grants for the development and scaling of projects and decisions. In 2022, mortgage loans were issued, in particular, for almost 53 billion rubles.

"Colonial dependence" Dmitry Chernyshenko mentioned more than once

The most significant projects receive grant support through development fords. Substantial funds are already being sent there, and the amount will increase, says the deputy chairman of the government. So, to date, according to Chernyshenko, grant support for 68 projects worth 23.1 billion rubles has been determined through RFRIT, of which 13 are particularly significant projects worth 11.5 billion rubles.

Due to support measures, there was an "interesting effect." The IT industry has become whitewashed - the number of accredited IT companies has grown 5 times, to 20 thousand, and you can see all the participants in the ecosystem.

From the point of view of technological sovereignty - the task set by the president, one of the most important achievements in the government is called the "historical decision" made in 2022 by the chairman of the government to create industrial centers of competence (ICC). This essentially launched the import substitution of "heavy" industrial and system-wide software, the participants of which are the largest industrial enterprises in Russia.

Within the framework of the ICC, the customers themselves determined which industrial software in which categories they need to import substitution. The costs of the import substitution program created with their participation, which Dmitry Chernyshenko calls, rather, investments, will amount to more than 230 billion rubles. At the same time, only 10% are grant funds, and the rest of the investment is taken over by the companies themselves.

Key customers within the ICC

Until 2025, the government expects to see an increase in revenues from the sale of domestic industrial software to 190 billion rubles. At the same time, the government sees the "heavy" software and export potential.

Initially, by creating "heavy" industrial solutions, we focus not only on the Russian market, but also on the external one, "Dmitry Chernyshenko emphasized. - It is important that we develop in the world, and not close only within the framework of our country.

At the same time, there was already a serious groundwork: 80% of the decisions that need to be imported were already some domestic analogues.

Separately, Dmitry Chernyshenko stopped at the Gostekh project, within the framework of which, on behalf of the president, the process of transferring all federal and regional state information systems to a single digital platform has begun. There are a lot of them in Russia - in total, systems worth 250 billion rubles or more are on the balance sheet.

In 2022, the translation experiment was completed, and 3 federal departments participating in it have already transferred their systems to Gostech, passed the necessary certification and certification. For 2023, it is planned that 11 subjects and 19 FOIVs will be transferred to the Gostech platform. In total, it is planned to transfer 150 GIS to it in the next 3 years.

Maksut Shadayev regarding Gostech noted that "we have come close to switching to a single technological platform for state management."

What has already been launched on Gostekh

One of the most important vectors of last year was information security. The President established a ban on the use of imported means of protecting information from January 1, 2025. In the ministries and departments, leaders have already been appointed who are personally responsible for information security, both in the subjects and in all FOIVs, cyber headquarters have already been created. Since the beginning of 2022, about 50 thousand cyber attacks have been successfully repelled. In the field of cyber attacks, the focus has shifted from the financial sector to the public sector, said Dmitry Chernyshenko.

As for personnel, the need for them is growing, and faster than in Russia they have time to prepare them, says the deputy chairman of the government. For schoolchildren, a programming training program "Code of the Future" was launched. 115 thousand high school students took these courses.

Additional budget places and "Digital Departments" were created for students - when, in addition to their main specialty, non-IT students can get additional qualifications in the IT profile. And for those who have already studied, there is a track "Digital Professions," in which more than 64 thousand people are now studying.

According to the estimates of the "not at all friendly institution" - the World Bank, Russia entered the top ten countries in the world in terms of digitalization of public administration.

This cannot, on the one hand, not please us, and on the other hand, what do we care about the opinion of the World Bank, "said Dmitry Chernyshenko. - For us, completely different metrics are important. The most important thing, of course, is that we need to see that the state removes the barriers between receiving a service and a citizen, when intermediaries, excessive bureaucracy or something that used to be only declarative. Now all this is rapidly changing around customer centrism. Citizens almost automatically receive services where it is required by law, and the number of such services is growing. In 2022, unique services were provided more than 230 million times.

Dmitry Chernyshenko positively assessed the work of Maksut Shadayev and his team in 2022

For 2022, 2/3 of Russian citizens used the portal of public services, cited the Minister of Digital Development Maksut Shadayev. And the number of registered users broke the "psychological mark" of 100 million citizens. And the number of users accessing the portal every day has grown 4 times, to almost 10 million people. This is due to the fact that the number of services available without leaving home has grown: now there are about 500 of them. And the number of available services is planned to expand.

The most popular services are the appointment of various benefits and benefits. 27 million applications were submitted for them. At the end of 2022, a new service was launched - a single manual for families with children. In just 10 days, 1 million applications were accepted for it. Today there are about 2 million such statements. Already 1.2 million of them have been considered, - said the minister.

And the next most popular service is an appointment with a doctor. But Ministry of Digital Development, says Maksut Shadayev, the number of those who signed up in 2022 is not satisfied, because those who want to see a doctor are more than those who successfully sign up. Therefore, together with the Ministry of Health, the department is working on optimizing the relevant procedures, and in 2022, "3 clicks" have already been launched in several regions.

Internet Connection Results

And in order for services to be consumed, it was fundamental to make an electronic signature for citizens. It was always a "pain point," because the signature was issued on a paid basis, it could not be used on mobile devices. But now they have launched the "State Key" - a full-fledged mobile electronic signature with which you can sign any electronic documents.

More than 1 million people have already received the signature of Gosklyucha and are actively using it: for example, they sign lease agreements, contracts with telecom operators or statements that go to government agencies, - said Maksut Shadayev.

2021

The Ministry of Digital Development will lead the fight against deepfakes and will coordinate games and leisure on the Internet

On July 28, 2021, it became known that the Ministry of Digital Development would coordinate two directions for the development of the digital economy: "New production technologies" and "New communication Internet technologies." The areas include, among other things, the creation of Russian communication, leisure and game services, the fight against deepfakes and the introduction of smart production technologies. For these purposes, billions of rubles will be allocated from the federal budget and various funds.

Their road maps were approved by the presidium of the Government Commission on Digital Development and the Use of Information Technologies "to improve the quality of life and conditions for doing business," the ministry's website says.

The purpose of the "New Production Technologies" is to develop software solutions for: industries digital design technologies, mathematical modeling, product lifecycle management and smart production. The direction also provides for the creation of testing centers for the Russian industrial software (). ON Those responsible for the implementation of the roadmap are the state corporations "" and Rosatom"."Rostec

The roadmap of "New Communication Internet Technologies" is aimed at creating competitive Russian communication, leisure and game services (including recommendation, audio and video services). It was developed by Rostelecom with the participation of ANO Dialogue (the Russian interdepartmental competence center in the field of Internet communications and the operator of a digital dialogue between the government and society).

Financing of road maps will be carried out within the framework of the Digital Technologies fedproject of the Digital Economy national program, said Maxim Parshin, Deputy Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media.

The roadmap of "New Production Technologies" is aimed at increasing the index of technological independence Russia in the field of industrial software from 15% (2021 indicator) to 60% by 2024. The direction is focused on creating software for automation of the production process and business management, write Sheets"." We are talking, for example, about systems for automating the design of various industrial products, managing the business of enterprises and relationships with their customers, etc.

17.7 billion rubles are provided for the implementation of the roadmap. From the federal budget. The funds will be used, among other things, to create a landfill for testing solutions and a distributed network of testing laboratories for verification, validation and testing of industrial software, as well as training personnel capable of introducing and operating software, the explanatory note to the roadmap says.

According to the goals of "New Communication Internet Technologies," by 2024 the accuracy of domestic decisions to identify generated and issued as real content (deepfakes), as well as information feeds distributed by bots, should reach 70%, writes RBC. Other targets of the roadmap include the growth of the Russian audience of video services from 63 million (2020 indicator) to 96 million users, audiences of complex communication platforms from 74 million to 108 million and domestic cloud gaming platforms from 0.18 million to 2.31 million users.

The amount of funding is not given. However, RBC writes that the projects of the roadmap coincide with those approved by the Government Commission for Digital Development and the Use of Information Technologies in 2020. Then it was assumed that 46.3 billion rubles would be allocated to support them from 2020 to 2024. in the form of grants from various funds, including the Russian Fund for the Development of Information Technologies (RFRIT) and the Skolkovo Foundation^[4].

Approved strategies for digital transformation of the Russian economy

At the end of June 2021, the Presidium of the Government Commission on Digital Development approved the strategies for the digital transformation of the Russian economy, which cover 13 areas:

• health care;
• education;
• public administration;
• construction;
• urban economy and housing and communal services;
• transport;
• power;
• science;
• agriculture;
• financial services;
• industry;
• ecology;
• social sphere.

Approved strategies for digital transformation of the Russian economy

According to the press service of the Government of the Russian Federation, each strategy provides for the use of artificial intelligence technologies and the scaling of domestic solutions. The materials take into account the specifics of industries, the level of digital solutions used, as well as the prospects for introducing innovative developments to improve the quality of life of Russians and protect the economy.

It is noted that representatives of such companies as Sber, Yandex, KamAZ, Gazprom Neft, R-Pharm, Skyeng, Mail.ru Group, 1C, VTB, Sibur, ДОМ.РФ, Rosatom took part in the discussion of the documents. Participants formed 140 project initiatives, of which 55 of the most promising solutions were included in the final versions of the documents.

Representatives of 12 profile ministries took part in preparation of strategy: Ministry of Digital Development, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Agriculture, Minprosveshcheniya, Minpromtorg, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Energy and Ministry of Natural Resources.

The strategies were developed in accordance with the instructions of Vladimir Putin, according to which the purpose of digital transformation strategies is to scale competitive domestic solutions in various sectors of the Russian economy, social sphere and public administration.

According to Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko, the digital transformation approved by the president as a national goal has become the starting point in the formation of local programs at all levels of government.^[5]

2020

The methodology for calculating indicators of achievement of the national goal "Digital Transformation" was approved

At the end of December 2020, the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation approved methods for calculating indicators for achieving the Digital Transformation national development goal.

In addition to the introduction of quantitative indicators of digital transformation, the orders of the department determine the method of predicting the values ​ ​ of these indicators, give a forecast of the digital transformation of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Calculation scheme of the indicator for assessing the digital transformation of industries (c) of the Ministry of Digital Development of Russia

Order No. 600 contains four methods for calculating the following targets:

• Achieving "digital maturity" of key sectors of the economy and social sphere, including health and education, as well as public administration. " In healthcare, digital maturity is considered through the number of organizations that use telemedicine and the proportion of citizens who sign up online for a doctor or call a doctor online and who have electronic health records;
• Increase in the share of mass socially significant services available electronically to 95%;
• An increase in the share of households that are provided with broadband access to the Internet information and telecommunication network to 97%;
• An increase in investments in domestic solutions in the field of information technology by four times compared to 2019.

Calculation scheme of the indicator for assessing the digital transformation of industries for the regions (c) of the Ministry of Digital Development of Russia

Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko spoke about the indicators of achievement of the national development goal "Digital Transformation" on December 23, 2020 at a joint meeting of the State Council and the Council for Strategic Development and National Projects.

Each indicator is decomposed by month and by subject. There is a composite indicator of digital transformation monthly for each subject. And all calculation methods were very carefully discussed with the working group of the State Council, worked out with all regions. Moreover, regional ones differ from federal ones, "he said.

Forecast of the target indicator "Achievement of" digital maturity "of key sectors of the economy and social sphere, including health care and education, as well as public administration" by regions of the Russian Federation by years for the period 2020-30 (s) of the Ministry of Digital Development of Russia

Ministry of Digital Development Order No. 601 contains forecast values ​ ​ of the target indicator "Achievement of" digital maturity "of key sectors of the economy and social sphere, including health care and education, as well as public administration" for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.^[6]

Putin instructed to prepare strategies for digital transformation in 10 key industries

On December 4, 2020, Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed the government to prepare digital transformation strategies in 10 key sectors of the Russian economy and social sphere. This was announced by the head of state, speaking at the international online conference Artificial Intelligence Journey (AI Journey).

According to Putin, practical measures are needed to introduce artificial intelligence algorithms, "so that they become reliable assistants to doctors, transform our cities, and are widely used in utilities, transport, and industry."

Vladimir Putin ordered to prepare strategies for digital transformation in 10 key industries

In the coming decade, we will have to carry out a digital transformation of the whole country, all of Russia, everywhere to introduce technologies of artificial intelligence, big data analysis... Billions of rubles will be spent only on the digital transformation of public administration and the transfer to electronic format of virtually all public services. Most of them will be provided automatically, upon the emergence of a human life situation, - said the Russian leader.

It is necessary to base this work on domestic developments. Putin stressed that the main existing developments of Russia in the field of artificial intelligence are based on domestic technological groundwork.

The President also does not indicate the need to adopt digital transformation programs and introduce artificial intelligence at the regional level. Thus, it will be possible to fully reveal the possibilities of breakthrough technologies for the powerful spatial development of the country. Putin said he plans to separately discuss all these issues with the heads of the regions.

In addition, the president instructed at the beginning of 2021 to introduce a draft law on the access of artificial intelligence developers to large data, including those under the jurisdiction of government agencies.^[7]

The digital economy development index will appear at the end of 2021.

The digital economy development index will appear at the end of 2021. This became known on October 19, 2020.

In Russia Rosatom, Mintsifra, the National Institute of system researches of problems of business, the Russian university of cooperation were engaged in development of the National index of development of digital economy. Nes­motrya to the na­mere­niya fi­nali­ziro­vat in­deks by na­chalu 2020, Min­tsifra naz­va­la the next term sda­chi in­deksa - IV kvar­tal 2021.

In 2019, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media undertook to develop the National Index for the Development of the Digital Economy as part of the implementation of the event of the federal project "Digital Technologies." First, this work was entrusted to the National Institute for Systemic Research on Entrepreneurship Problems (ANO "NISIPP"). In August 2019, the Ministry of Digital Science recognized NISIPP as evading the conclusion of a state contract for the development of the index and its indicators. Then the Russian University of Cooperation (RUK) became the other winner of the competition. The amount of the contract with the university, according to the procurement materials, amounted to 11.2 million rubles. In the fall of 2019, the university reported on the work done to the ministry, and since then, for almost a year, no other performers have appeared to prepare the National Index Scorecard.

After the adoption of the methodology by the RUK, the ministry sent a report telling about it to all regions of Russia. Some regions did not recognize this methodology. The ministry reported that it was coordinating the rating methodology with federal authorities and regions with which it was not supported.

Now the Ministry of Digital Development has taken control of the development of the index and promises to submit it by the end of 2021.

Back in 2018, Rosatom developed the methodology for such an index. When asked by a ComNews correspondent whether the Rosatom index will be combined with the Ministry of Digital Development methodology, a spokesman for the ministry replied:

Шаблон:Quote 'The 2018 Rosatom index provides the results of a pilot rating on the level of development of the digital economy for a reference group of 32 countries. We also took into account the information provided by Rosatom.

The Ministry of Digital Development said that the index was conceived as a tool for managing regional digitalization.

Ksenia Tkacheva, director of the Center for Training Leaders of Digital Transformation, noted that the National Index for the Development of the Digital Economy is relevant as a benchmark for measuring the quality and speed of digitalization of public administration in Russia.

The index itself and its development are included in the implementation of the national project "Digital Economy." What does the index need for? It will show how the digitalization process is going in different regions. A rating system is formed. Among the indicators may be the readiness of the region for digitalization, the presence of a digital environment, the availability of the necessary personnel, the maturity of digital technologies and the security of the digital environment. The index is designed to assess the effectiveness of the measures taken and implemented within the framework of the national project. Simply put, we did it, then and then, but we need a KPI, according to which to give an assessment: "good" or "bad."

In accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2018 No. 204 and the national program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation" to ensure the continuity of state policy and the "soft" transition of the stage of building an information society to the stage of forming a digital economy, it is necessary to develop a system of indicators of the National Index for the Development of the Digital Economy of the^[8]

Putin has set goals for the digital transformation of the Russian Federation for 10 years

On July 21, 2020, the president Russia Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the country's national development goals for the period up to 2030. It is aimed at increasing the population of the country, increasing the standard of living of citizens, creating comfortable conditions for their residence, as well as revealing the talent of each person, according to the Kremlin website.

One of the national goals defined by Putin for 10 years was called "Digital Transformation." Within the framework of it, the following tasks are set:

• achieving "digital maturity" of key sectors of the economy and social sphere, including health and education, as well as public administration;
• increasing the share of mass socially significant services available electronically to 95%;
• an increase in the share of households that are provided with broadband access to the information and telecommunication Internet to 97%;
• an increase in investments in domestic solutions in the field of information technology by four times compared to 2019.

Putin has set goals for the digital transformation of Russia for 10 years

The Government of the Russian Federation has until October 30, 2020 to submit a plan to achieve national goals. According to the assistant to the head, states the former Minister of Economic Development, it is Maxim Oreshkin necessary to create conditions for the digital transformation of the economy, social sphere, public administration.

Everywhere, the use of digital technologies can allow you to move to a qualitatively different level, provide a different level of efficiency, "he added.

According to him, the government should complete the preparation of the amendments within three months, relying on the provisions of the decree on national goals.

The Government of the Russian Federation entrusted the Ministry of Economic Development with the functions of monitoring and analyzing the implementation of national projects, as well as assessing the risks arising from their implementation.^[9]

Putin urged to accelerate digitalization: If we sit in one place evenly, there will be a swamp around us to squirm

At a meeting of the Council for Strategic Development and National Projects, which was held by President Vladimir Putin via videoconference on July 13, he noted that for digitalization, software companies need to create conditions and urged to act more decisively.

We need to act more decisively, we must be globally competitive. There is nothing to fear here. It is clear that there may be some shortfall in budget revenues, but it seems to me that it is necessary to go more boldly for this. Then we will expand the horizon of our development, solve the problems associated with increasing labor productivity and with the growth of the economy as a whole, create a new structure of our economy. But, if we sit in one place evenly, we will not do anything, then the swamp around us will squelch. We need to move more actively here, - said Putin during the meeting, which was broadcast online on the RT channel.

Vladimir Putin held a meeting of the Council for Strategic Development and National Projects, sitting in the country residence "Novo-Ogaryovo" "(photo - kremlin.ru)"

Putin gave such a message in response to a speech at a meeting of Dmitry Chernyshenko, who oversees the government, including the digital economy and innovation. Chernyshenko noted that by 2030, key sectors of the economy should reach digital maturity. By the same time, in order to ensure the penetration of "all the benefits and opportunities of digitalization," it is necessary that 95% of all socially significant services should be available online. To do this, it is necessary to connect almost the entire population - 97% of the country's households - to broadband access.

Chernyshenko also pointed out the need for a new approach to the digitalization of the economy with the provision of tax benefits to companies working in this area, and to reduce the administrative burden and the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies.

In his opening remarks to the meeting, Vladimir Putin also stressed the importance of "numbers" and taking advantage of new technological solutions.

Here, too, we should be among the world leaders. Here, the practice of recent months has shown that this is absolutely possible for us. We are generally ready for this. You just need to target this area of ​ ​ our work, launch powerful digital development in all spheres of life: in the education system, when receiving medical care, public services, which is especially important - in the field of housing and communal services and urban economy. And of course, in promoting new business ideas for the development of your business, - said the president.

He added that digital technologies are moving forward so quickly that here you need to set benchmarks literally for every year, or maybe even more often.

At the same time, an important result of the meeting of the Council for Strategic Development and National Projects, which seems to affect the national program "Digital Economy," was the decision to adjust national projects and consolidate the goals of national development for the period until 2030.

The idea that adjusting the deadlines for national projects would be expedient was expressed at the meeting, in particular, by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin and Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova, pointing to the new situation due to the influence of the pandemic. The deadlines indicated by 2030 in relation to digitalization were also heard in the speech of Dmitry Chernyshenko.

I ask the presidential administration, of course, together with the relevant departments, with the government as a whole to prepare a draft decree, which will enshrine the goals of national development for the period until 2030, as colleagues proposed today, "said Vladimir Putin. - I ask the government with the participation of the State Council to adjust national projects within three months. Today I realized there are proposals for these adjustments. We need to proceed from realities, I agree with this.

2019

The first meeting of the subgroup "Digital technologies for managing the development of territories and urban planning policy"

On August 8, 2019, it became known that with the support of the Digital Economy ANO, on August 6, 2019, the first meeting of the subgroup "Digital Technologies for Managing the Development of Territories and Urban Planning Policy" of the Working Group in the direction of "Communications, Communications, Digital Economy" of the State Council took place. Read more here.

Formation of the Industry Working Group "Digital Transformation of the Oil and Gas Industry"

On July 26, 2019, it became known that with Ministry of Energy RUSSIAN FEDERATION the participation of key companies oil and gas of the complex (NGK), it formed ANO "Digital Economy" an industry working group (ORG) "Digital Transformation of the Oil and Gas Industry" on the site, which will become an industry center of competence within the framework of the departmental project "Digital." power By October 2019, the ORG is expected to approve the directions and basic scenarios for the digital transformation of NTK. More. here

Digital Economy Supervisory Board approves creation of working groups on digital industry, education and healthcare

The Supervisory Board of the Digital Economy organization, whose meeting was held on June 27, 2019 in Moscow, approved the decision to create industry working groups (ORG) on digital industry, digital education and digital healthcare, as well as chose the candidates for their co-chairs from business. Read more here.

Handelsblatt: How Russia is turning into a great IT power

On February 15, 2019, the German business newspaper Handelsblatt published an article with the headline "How Russia Turns Into a Great IT Power." Journalists paid special attention to Yandex . Read more here.

2018

German business asks Putin for admission to Russia's digital economy

On November 1, 2018, President Vladimir Putin received representatives of the largest German enterprises in the Kremlin - an asset of the Eastern Committee of the German Economy. Among the two dozen German representatives at the meeting were top managers of major companies such as Siemens, Volkswagen, Knauf, Daimler and others.

During the meeting, the Russian president told them about the digital economy program in Russia, and the German side, in turn, expressed interest in developing joint initiatives in this area.

Putin said that much is being done in Russia for the dynamic technological development of the country. The Digital Economy program has been launched, under which it is planned to increase labor productivity by 30% by 2024.

Of course, this is a very ambitious goal, we are well aware of this report, "the president admitted. - But it is necessary to set just such goals if we want to achieve at least something. We need to ensure that innovative sectors of the economy create more than 10% of Russian GDP.

He added that the Russian side is ready to substantively discuss topics of concern to German colleagues, to consider specific proposals for intensifying bilateral cooperation.

At a meeting with representatives of German business circles "(photo - kremlin.ru)"

And of course, as always, it is important for us to know, hear your opinion, the opinion of our German partners, that so far makes it difficult to do business in Russia. Surely such problems still persist. What additional support from the state, the government of the Russian Federation is necessary for investors to work in Russia? - Vladimir Putin asked the Germans.

Wolfgang Büchele, chairman of the Eastern Committee of the German Economy, who was present at the meeting, noted that Germany is trying to build bridges with Russia. Therefore, it is necessary to talk more about joint standards, certification, about facilitating customs and visa barriers, he said.

This would be the first step on the long road to creating a joint economic space for the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. In the interests of our descendants, we hope that this prospect will one day become a reality, "Büchele said. - In the end, we need to withstand the tests that the digitalization of the economy faces us.

At the same time, Wolfgang Büchele noted that Europeans in relation to topics such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, self-driving transport, 3D printing, supercomputers, biotechnology should urgently push. He said that he himself worked at the Ixait enterprise and noted that projects to build modern semiconductor production are mainly implemented in China and the United States and very rarely in Europe. China is now becoming a global competitor for us in all areas; The United States is concentrating on the "America First" strategy, stated the chairman of the Eastern Committee of the German Economy.

Modern and innovative enterprises from the European Union and Russia must work together on solutions that will provide Europe with a worthy place in competition for global markets. I hope that today we will take a big step together in this direction, "Wolfgang Büchele expressed his hopes.

He added that the center of the meeting of the German side with the President of Russia will be five topics: the development of cooperation in the field of health care, an increase in efficiency and labor productivity.

We want to talk about the further development of our energy ties, joint initiatives to digitalize the economy, as well as cooperation in the agricultural sector and the food production sector. We are faced with great tasks, and our goals are worth all efforts, "Büchele emphasized.

Finishing his speech, the German official expressed a few words about the anxieties that have to be faced, and which, in his opinion, can lead to problems. Mutual economic sanctions have not undergone any changes, in particular, American sanctions, they must be taken seriously, he regretted.

We must count on their further tightening. We are deeply alarmed that these sanctions are formulated very inaccurately and vaguely, so it is very difficult for individual enterprises to understand whether they will concern them or not, "Büchele summed up. - Our trade is growing, the prospect for the next months and the forecast for the next months, as I said, however, overshadow further sanctions. We hope that here we can find a solution to how to deal with them.

Medvedev: The changes brought by ICT are comparable to the collapse of the USSR

Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev in the journal "Economic Issues" published an article "Russia-2024: Strategy for Socio-Economic Development"^[10]. The article discusses the tasks of Russia's economic policy for 2018-2024, including those related to the development of the digital economy. In the context of trends and conditions that will largely determine the nature of global processes for the foreseeable future, the trajectory of breakthrough scientific, technological and socio-economic development of Russia is proposed.

Dmitry Medvedev wrote an article on the tasks of Russia's economic policy for the coming years

According to the prime minister, over the past decade, important trends and conditions have been formed, which will largely determine the development of global processes for the foreseeable future. It is important to take them into account in order to understand the current state and ways of development of Russia, to form a government action program.

First of all, there was an unprecedented acceleration of technological renewal, which led to an explosive increase in innovation. With all the seeming evidence of this thesis, not everyone realizes that we have become contemporaries of a qualitative leap in the dynamics of our lives, Medvedev writes.

First, the world faces an unprecedented depth and complexity of innovation. New technologies generate qualitative changes in all aspects of society. The crises of decades-old political systems observed in recent years are caused, among other things, by the emergence of new technologies.

Secondly, the pace of change has become unprecedented. It doesn't come down to the usual mantra of accelerating technological progress. It is customary for economists to talk about "modern economic growth," when changes in living conditions and production occur over not centuries, but decades, that is, for each new generation. But now this understanding is becoming incorrect: innovations that change a person's life take place in a matter of years, within the framework of the life of one generation. If this pace of updates continues, then it will be possible to talk about the onset of a new phase of economic dynamics, significantly different from those observed in the last 200 years, the prime minister said.

We see that the changes brought by information and communication technologies (ICT) are to a certain extent comparable in intensity to the collapse of the Soviet system. Moreover, this high-quality update has passed at least two stages. First it was the Internet, and then it was the emergence of mobile devices (smartphones, tablets, laptops) and the new features that they create. If earlier it seemed that the life of my generation was divided into two stages - under the communist system and under the market system, now the division into an era "before the Internet," "before the smartphone" looks no less relevant (although less dramatic), after a while the watershed will become more relevant "before artificial intelligence," Medvedev notes.

For practical political and economic work, it is important that new technologies qualitatively transform all spheres of human life - politics and economics, education and science, business and the media, medicine and culture. They raise acute questions of an ethical nature.

According to the head of government, a new important phenomenon that changes both reality itself and traditional ideas about it is technological deflation. We are talking about the rapid reduction in the cost (and, accordingly, the faster spread) of innovation - so fast that it can affect traditional GDP statistics. Moreover, individual products and services (for example, in the field of communications and information) not only become cheaper, but are also provided to consumers almost free of charge. Therefore, some economists argue that the indicators of GDP dynamics and value added currently poorly account for the contribution of innovation to well-being, which leads to an underestimation of the real pace of development.

Therefore, when analyzing economic dynamics, it is important to take into account not only quantitative, but also qualitative shifts, that is, take a closer look at the quality of economic growth.

The problem, in principle, is not new - at all stages of the development of technologies and the creation of new goods, the assessment of the growth in the number of manufactured goods and the dynamics of price indices did not take into account qualitative changes in the structure of production. However, in recent decades, due to the rapid transition of many economic transactions to the digital environment (digitalization), the avalanche-like appearance of new goods replacing the goods of the "traditional" economy, this problem has especially worsened, Medvedev said.

According to him, modern "electronic" goods, the spread of network technologies allow you to radically reduce the cost of ownership of the usual set of benefits and services for the consumer and reduce the cost of providing them for the manufacturer. As a result, while maintaining the same or even higher level of consumption and quality of life of the individual, the amount of added value created in the economy decreases, which statistically can lead to a slowdown in the growth rate (and even a decrease in the level) of GDP.

However, no matter how to measure GDP and relate to the problem of technological deflation, the task of ensuring high rates of economic growth as the basis for improving the well-being of citizens remains always the main one for all countries, he adds.

Over the past decade, difficult social problems of developed countries have emerged. On the one hand, there is an increase in inequality and a long stagnation of the incomes of a significant part of the population. On the other hand, there is growing concern about the prospects for employment in the context of the upcoming, as they say, mass introduction of robots and artificial intelligence.

Apparently, the labor market expects major changes, the impact of which will be felt in the social, economic and political spheres for a long time. There is a polarization of the labor market: the number of jobs with high (intellectual, high-tech) and low qualification requirements is growing, and average quality jobs are reduced due to automation. We also see changes in the structure of demand and in the nature of jobs with the advent of e-commerce or firms of the type. Uber We must be prepared for this, our decisions must contribute to technological progress and the growth of the quality of life, and not slow it down. The lessons of the Luddite movement may turn out to be relevant for the modern one, the of the information society prime minister believes.

In his opinion, new technologies have already begun to unite the global economy, and the potential that the new technological wave carries allows us to state: the economy will become more and more global, although the speed of this process may change.

Modern technologies put the issue of the quality of public administration first among all areas of institutional modernization. The flexibility of modern technology weakens the role of labor prices or natural resources in investment decisions. The critical factors of investment and innovation are the quality, reliability and predictability of business conditions. It is these factors in global competition that come to the fore, Medvedev said.

Our tasks, if formulated in a concentrated form, are to ensure sustainable growth of well-being and competitiveness - both every person, every family, and the whole society and the state. Ensuring prosperity and competitiveness is the essence of the national goals and priority projects of the May (2018) presidential decree, he notes.

A special place, according to the prime minister, is occupied by national projects related to strengthening the competitiveness of the economy. These areas - labor productivity and employment support, science, the digital economy, small and medium-sized enterprises and support for individual entrepreneurial initiatives, international cooperation and exports - should accelerate technological development, contribute to the creation of a high-performance export-oriented sector, the introduction of digital technologies in the economy and social sphere (of course, as well as national projects in the field of education and health).

It should be said especially about the digitalization of education, which makes it possible to largely equalize the conditions for its receipt at all levels. Therefore, the development of available online resources and platforms, distance learning should become the norm in the Russian education system. However, this problem has a different side: digitalization requires large-scale work to improve the qualifications of school teachers and teachers of professional educational institutions. Otherwise, our children, who are already growing up in the digital era, will speak with their mentors in different languages, Medvedev said.

As in the field of education, the process of digitalization is of fundamental, and often vital importance in the health care system, the prime minister is sure.

Our legislation has already been amended to use health records% 28EMK% 29 electronic health records and provide telemedicine services. However, the real application of digital technologies remains at a low level, regional differences in the level of implementation of digital health technologies are significant. Telemedicine, meanwhile, is an important and sometimes the only way to improve the quality of health services in remote and hard-to-reach locations. But in megacities, online medicine is gradually becoming in demand. Moreover, thanks to this technology, a new market arises, the volume of which, according to forecasts, in the coming years will exceed $1 billion. But still, the social aspect here today is the most important, he believes.

The digitalization of the economy will be directly related to the social sphere, the head of government notes. Targeting involves a wide information platform that will more accurately identify the poor, determine the causes of poverty of a particular social group and an individual household, and develop effective ways to overcome it. According to him, a real step in this direction was the creation and commissioning of the Unified State Information System for Social Security (EGISSO).

Dmitry Medvedev notes that the country's transition to a new quality of growth, the level of its competitiveness to a decisive extent depend on breakthrough scientific and technological development, constant technological modernization, which will be beneficial to business and will ensure the growth of national well-being. To do this, it is not enough to simply set the target level of intensity of innovative activity, for example, at public sector enterprises or to introduce universal standard solutions. As the experience of previous years has shown, the structure of spending on research and development in GDP, in which about 70% are budget funds and 30% are private, in Russia, cannot be considered acceptable. In developed and some developing countries, the opposite ratio is observed.

To the fore in scientific and technological competition, he said, is the ability to accumulate "big data" and use it in building platforms that connect business, citizens and the state. The state alone should not cope with this task. Moreover, technologies for working with "big data" and platforms become effective in terms of development only if they bring profit to the technological entrepreneur, and to the consumer of technology - improving the quality of life. This means that the most important function of the state is not to directly increase funding, but to create a space of advanced technological regulation, a kind of attractive technological offshore for the implementation of advanced solutions.

As for the result, more precisely, one of the indicators of movement in the right direction, in 2024 Russia in terms of publishing activity in the scientific and technical field may approach today's indicators of Great Britain and Germany, the prime minister said.

According to him, today all countries have entered the era of digital transformation. Both the chances of leadership and the risks of lagging here could prove very serious. For an adequate idea of ​ ​ the scale of this process, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that digitalization is understood not as a separate industry or a set of technologies, but as an algorithm for the development of relations in modern society and its cultural environment.

Today, Russia occupies good initial positions in this area. A national digital broadband and mobile infrastructure has been established. According to the World Bank, in terms of the use of ICT in the consumer sphere, Russia was ahead of the EU and ASEAN countries, South Korea, Brazil, and also practically formed the infrastructure for digital transformation in a number of areas (World Bank, 2018). Nevertheless, the level of application of the relevant technologies varies seriously both by industry and by Russian regions. In general, there is a gap in the economy between enterprises - leaders of digitalization and the rest, a very significant part of business. The former pave the way, the latter do not always even try to use it. This can be explained by both limited funds and a lack of personnel. But the most likely reason is the shortage of market competition, the hope for non-market, administrative, budgetary support, Medvedev notes.

The leadership potential of Russia in digital transformation, and not only in it, can hardly be realized if the digitalization of public administration does not develop, state and municipal employees, heads of state institutions with appropriate competencies will not appear in sufficient numbers, the prime minister is convinced. According to some estimates, there should be at least 1 million such workers in the public sector alone. It is necessary to retrain officials not only at the federal, but also at the regional level, and then in such industries as transport, construction, health care, housing and communal services. This process should affect both the judicial corps and legislative bodies.

We must also assess the expected risks. When implementing the national program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation," the question of the fate of potentially released workers will have to be answered. Of course, improving the efficiency of the economy is beneficial to society as a whole. However, the social consequences of digital transformation need to be seriously discussed. It is clear that it opens up new opportunities in the labor market, presents new demand. But at the same time, there is almost inevitably a gap between the structure of demand and the structure of supply. You can avoid solving this problem only by trying to avoid digitalization itself. Such an approach would mean for us a growing lag behind the leading countries, would consolidate the existing gap in the level of economic efficiency, the head of government reports.

He believes that technological modernization is among the key factors in the growth of labor productivity. The task of increasing it should be considered from the point of view of increasing the efficiency of production as a whole, and not just a specific enterprise. Otherwise, given the rather high level of monopolization of the Russian economy and a significant share of the public sector in it, there is a risk of being trapped in a peculiar trap, when a slight increase in labor productivity is provided either by a reduction in workers or an excessive increase in capital intensity, which in the long run may result in a decrease in competitiveness.

A real increase in labor productivity does not come down to speeding up an employee's actions at a specific workplace or providing him with multifunctional gadgets. First of all, it is necessary to "coordinate" the professional qualifications of the employee with the requirements of a modern and high-performance workplace. In a broad and most significant definition for us, productivity is the effective realization of the possibilities and disclosure of human talent on a national scale, including setting up demographic, migration and social policies, compliance with the education system and the labor market, Medvedev said.

The process of technological transformation and efficiency improvement, in his opinion, will be accompanied by structural changes in the economy. So, speaking of import substitution, it is necessary that the products and services created in Russia successfully compete in the foreign market. The indicator of import substitution success should be non-resource export. In 2017-2018 Russian exports entered the growth trajectory, including the supply of non-primary non-energy goods and services. The trend of commodity and geographical diversification of exports has formed. In particular, the share of Asian countries, including China and the EAEU member states, has increased. A large number of new export positions have appeared, including mechanical engineering and agricultural products, the number of exporting organizations has increased, primarily due to small and medium-sized enterprises. Export specialization of Russia is developing in relatively new sectors for it: in the agro-industrial complex, petrochemistry, transport and agricultural engineering, ICT.

The use of digital platforms already allows you to enter, for example, new agricultural markets. It is especially important that new technologies expand the possibilities of foreign economic activity for small and medium-sized enterprises, the prime minister notes.

Summing up, Medvedev noted that Russia is entering a new period of its development - very difficult, but extremely important. The results of our efforts in the next six years will largely define the contours of the future and, if you like, the "boundaries of the possible" - the country's potential, its place and role in the global economic and political system.

In the next six years, it is necessary to form conditions for the long-term sustainable development of Russia in a qualitatively changing world. Our country must be an active participant in global economic and political processes, ensuring a high level of prosperity and competitiveness of citizens, business and the state. Dividends received on such a development trajectory will allow us to approach 2024 with a wide arsenal of opportunities for future generations, he added.

Control and supervisory authorities will master Big Data

At the end of August 2018, it became known that the Russian control and supervisory (KND) authorities could begin to use big data technologies to collect and analyze information about surveillance facilities. The system has the working name "digital inspector," the Vedomosti newspaper writes with reference to an action plan for digital public administration - a new direction of the digital economy.

Supervisory authorities in Russia will use Big Data for inspections

It is assumed that the "digital inspector" will collect and analyze data on the objects of supervision and give instructions on them to ordinary inspectors. Moreover, for each type of state supervision, a set of data necessary for assessing risks will be determined, says an informed source of the publication. According to him, these can be data from state information systems (GIS) and departments, reports of companies in machine-readable form, data from Internet of things sensors and the results of public control.

It is noted that federal bodies will not have to arm themselves with special software for the introduction of machine control, they are simply modernizing their systems. In turn, regional supervisors will use the revised options for a standard cloud solution for KND bodies. The corresponding provision was approved by the government in April 2018. The standard solution should automatically form registers of inspected objects and action plans for them, assign risk categories, interact with other GIS.

By the end of August 2018, the "digital inspector" was used in test mode by Rosprirodnadzor and the Federal Customs Service, the departments told the newspaper. Moreover, the system does not yet have a contractor. Experts estimate the creation of such technology from scratch at hundreds of millions of rubles, and time costs at two years.

Study of export potential of domestic data storage and processing services

As it became known on May 23, 2018, the terms of reference for a comprehensive study of the export potential of domestic data storage and processing services with the definition of stimulating measures to accelerate the development of infrastructure and the data center services market was approved on May 18 at a meeting of the working group in the direction of "Information Infrastructure" at ANO "Digital Economy." The document was developed by Rostelecom as a center of competence for the direction. Read more here.

Program of digital transformation of the public administration system from the CSR

The Center for Strategic Research (CSR) of Alexei Kudrin on May 4, 2018 presented an expanded program for the transformation of the public administration system. According to the authors of the report "State as a Platform," developed by experts of the CSR, the existing system of public administration is "interested in preserving its current state" for the longest possible time. Therefore, it is necessary to move from the established management methods to promising ones - to the State-as-Platform (GKp) system. This process should be coordinated and maintained at the highest level - for this purpose, it will be necessary to introduce the position of Deputy Prime Minister for Digital Transformation, acting as the chief architect of the system, the report says.

As part of the so-called "fourth industrial revolution," there is an almost annual change in technologies and business models in traditional sectors of the economy, and entire new industries regularly appear. The Russian economy, in turn, is not able to provide at the proper level innovative activity, domestic investment and consumer demand, vital dependence on imports. At the same time, in export opportunities, it is limited to the commodity sector. The main reason for all these problems is the imperfection and non-competitiveness of the public administration system, the CSR report says. - To ensure Russia's competitiveness in the long term, a new system of public administration should be created, which will become the technological, regulatory and cultural basis for future development. The role of such a basis will be able to play "State-as-Platform."

"State-as-Platform," according to experts of the CSR, is a qualitatively new system for organizing and performing the functions of state authorities (OGV) of the Russian Federation, built on the basis of integrated and digitalized processes and promising technologies (a unified system for collecting and storing data, digital infrastructure, automated decision-making, etc.).

Digital Transformation: Key Changes

The target function of the implementation of the idea of ​ ​ "State-as-Platform" is the well-being of citizens and the promotion of economic growth based on the introduction of technologies. As specified in the report, "the focus of the deployment of the platform is a citizen in a new digital reality. The state should create conditions that will help a person to reveal his abilities, and form a comfortable and safe environment for his life and realization of potential, as well as for the creation and introduction of innovative technologies. " To implement these principles, the public administration system will have to act as an advanced IT corporation, experts from the CSR say.

Among the key goals of digital transformation are:

• Creation of a unified architecture of the state digital platform, overcoming the disparity of departmental systems and based on a single data array;
• Translation of all public services into electronic form with a remote system, biometric identifications translation into digital format of control, supervision and permitting activities;
• Formation of "digital twins" of citizens, organizations, facilities and proactive provision of public services based on the development of "digital twin";
• Creation of the Ministry for Digital Transformation, responsible for the implementation of the listed changes.
• The introduction of a service state model - a "state for me" culture, which implies a proactive government offer of online services that will meet the needs of citizens and business;
• The development of the "digital mentality" among civil servants: the adoption of digital reality, the ability to work effectively in it, digital skills and personal development.

When moving to GkP, the state will refuse to provide targeted services in favor of complex solutions to citizens' problems. One of the measures that will allow this to be implemented is the creation of a so-called digital twin. From the moment of identification in the digital platform, information about the object begins to fall into the general "ocean of data," where its "digital twin" will appear, which will then be replenished with new data. For its part, various platform services of the state will actively offer the citizen appropriate services (taxes, social security, etc.). For example, at the birth of a child, state services will automatically ensure that all due payments are credited to the mother's bank card, send a birth certificate to the address of the parents' residence, automatically correct the "electronic register of residents" and register the child in a preschool institution.

During the reform, it is necessary to transfer all processes of interaction between the authorities and citizens to an electronic platform, the CSR report says. The decision-making process itself is proposed to be divided into two parts. Part of the solutions of the operational level can be transferred to "intelligent agents" - software systems operating on the basis of artificial intelligence. They can take on all the routine work, as well as ensure the implementation of control and supervisory functions, experts suggest. As for more complex tasks that require political solutions or a "human" approach, they should be dealt with by specially trained professionals.

As a result, the state apparatus itself will ideally turn into a small and highly professional service that provides the most complex functions and professionally works with automated systems, experts say.

Experts of the CSR also propose to create a Center for Digital Transformation of Public Administration, which should be led by the Deputy Prime Minister for Digital Transformation (or the Minister, subject to the presence of the Deputy Prime Minister for Public Administration Reform). The entire budget allocated for the automation of authorities should be transferred to the disposal of this management structure in order to concentrate it on the tasks of digital transformation.

In addition, in order to provide government agencies with employees with digital competencies, it is proposed to create a training and advanced training program, as well as a motivation and incentive system for employees of transformable government bodies.^[11]

You can get acquainted with the text of the report "State as a Platform" here.

Medvedev on the transition from the high-tech era to the high-hume era

Speaking at the plenary session of the Gaidar Forum on January 16, 2018, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev spoke about technology. According to the head of government, there is a change of eras - from high-tech to high-hume.

Dmitry Medvedev noted that the new technological structure repeatedly increases the price and value of intellectual capital, and human potential - knowledge and creativity, as well as the quality of public administration - is becoming increasingly important in global competition.

Dmitry Medvedev at the Gaidar Forum

In these conditions, it is a person who becomes the main value and the main guideline in making management decisions. In Russia, this happens when developing any development programs. As you know, the end of the last century was an era of high-tech, that is, a period of development of high technologies in industry, in agriculture. And now this era is conjugated with the era of high-hume, that is, high humanitarian technologies that are aimed at maximizing the development and effective use of individual and collective opportunities of people, Medvedev said.

He expressed confidence that new technologies will not lead to an increase in unemployment, but, on the contrary, will help to cope with the shortage of labor resources. Robotization will increase labor productivity, salary levels and can reduce working hours, the prime minister said.

Part of the prime minister's speech was devoted to blockchain. This technology, on the basis of which cryptocurrency was created, can rebuild the entire management system. However, the cryptocurrency race can become a dead end branch of the cyber revolution and a repetition of the scenario of the early 90s cannot be ruled out, when, thanks to the Internet, many IT companies arose that ceased to exist in the 2000s, Medvedev warned.

Similarly, cryptocurrencies may disappear in a few years, and the technology on the basis of which these cryptocurrencies are developing, I mean blockchain, will become part of everyday reality. Such a scenario is also not excluded, - said Dmitry Medvedev.[12]

2017

Domestic costs for the development of the digital economy in Russia exceeded 3.3 trillion rubles

According to estimates by the Institute for Statistical Research and Knowledge Economics of the Higher School of Economics (ISIEZ HSE), domestic costs for the development of the digital economy in 2017 amounted to 3324.1 billion rubles, or 3.6% of GDP. Their volume is comparable to government spending on health and education, twice the government spending on road construction and three and a half times the internal spending on research and development (Figure 1), the HSE HSE reported on June 5, 2019.

According to experts, more than a third (40.4%) of the total domestic costs for the development of the digital economy in 2017 fell on the organizations of the entrepreneurial sector; households spent slightly less - 36.4% - (Fig. 2).

Public sector organizations accounted for only a tenth (10.8%) of all costs associated with the development of the digital economy. Despite a fairly wide range of distance education programs, the costs of higher education organizations for the introduction and use of digital technologies are relatively small - 0.7% of the total domestic costs for the development of the digital economy.

The most significant (35.0%) item of costs for the development of the digital economy is payment for telecommunication services, including access to the Internet (Chart 3). Its volume in 2017 amounted to 1163.8 billion rubles. About a quarter of the total cost fell on the purchase of computer equipment and telecommunications equipment (23.4%, 777.7 billion rubles), a tenth - on the purchase of software (9.5%, 315.4 billion rubles), about the same amount - on the purchase of e-books, films, musical works, games and other digital content (11.3%, 375.1 billion rubles).

At the same time, the internal costs of organizations for scientific research and development in the field of digital technologies amounted to only 81.4 billion rubles. (only 2.4%). Such a low share of IR costs indirectly indicates that Russian companies are introducing mainly foreign information technologies, the researchers noted.

At the same time, organizations' costs for employee training related to the development and use of ICT in 2017 amounted to 7.6 billion rubles, or 0.2% of the total costs for the development of the digital economy. Savings in personnel training lead to a decrease in the economic efficiency of the introduction of digital technologies and, therefore, reduces the pace of introduction of advanced digital technologies into the practice of economic activities, concluded in the IIEZ HSE.

Meanwhile, as you know, the development and widespread use of digital technologies in Russia is one of the priorities of state policy: it is planned to allocate 1,837,696 million rubles for the implementation of the national program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation" in 2019-2024. (of which 1,099,589 million rubles. - from the federal budget).^[13]

Alexey Kudrin: Russia should join the technological revolution

The technological revolution is one of the structural changes that are necessary to accelerate the growth of the Russian economy. This follows from the statements of the Chairman of the Council of the Center for Strategic Research, ex-Minister of Finance of Russia Alexei Kudrin.

Russia should significantly raise its innovation level, join the technological revolution, he said. - We have individual companies and centers in it, but the innovation of the economy, the share of companies that carry out innovations, does not change for 10 years, and once every 3-4 times lags behind that in the leading countries.

Slide from the presentation of Alexei Kudrin "(photo - TAdviser)"

In the field of the technical revolution, a number of measures are needed, including the digitalization of the economy and increased productivity. Over the previous 17 years, labor productivity has risen by 55%, and in the next 17 years it is necessary by 100% to ensure proper economic growth. And this will have to be done at the expense of technology, not labor, Kudrin noted.

The goal is to increase the share of high-tech products in the economy, Kudrin added. In 2016, Russia's share in the global market for high-tech products, according to it, was only 0.25%, and the target was at least 0.5% by 2024 and 1% by 2035.

At the same time, it is necessary to increase investments in human development, he said. With the current methods of education, both school and higher education, Russia will not answer the challenges of the technological revolution. The structure of specialists who are trained in Russia, their skills do not correspond to what will be required in 5-10 years. Major transformations are needed here.

Today we are not ready in the field of education for the challenges of the technological revolution, "he concluded.

Medvedev expressed concern that an artificial superintendent will come to power to reset our brains

Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, speaking at the plenary session of the Open Innovations Forum in October 2017, to share some of his estimates and forecasts in the field of the digital economy.

The digital economy today is already a given, and not by order of the authorities or at the initiative of individual entrepreneurs, the prime minister is sure. This is what surrounds us literally and figuratively: smartphones, mobile Internet, communication on social networks, e-commerce, electronic payments are all part of the modern lifestyle.

По мнению Медведева, в Russia a lot has been done to make digital culture familiar to the country, despite the fact that this task is more difficult for Russia than for many other countries (photo - theRunet)

Companies and states that learn to turn information arrays into useful solutions will benefit, and those who miss these opportunities will remain in place, Medvedev said. This is true both for individual companies, sectors of the economy, and for entire states.

The Prime Minister predicted an increase in demand for specialists in the field of big data analysis, mathematical modeling, financial technologies, cybersecurity. Professions, on the other hand, which are associated with routine activities, the processing of typical information, can suffer the most, and you need to think about how to help people adapt to new conditions, he added.

In the coming years, many dynamic digital companies should arise, the prime minister believes.

There's good potential for that. Moreover, this can be achieved quickly at relatively low costs. We are talking about transport and logistics services, health care, education, financial technologies, a "smart" urban environment, modern agricultural production and other areas, "he explained.

He promised that the state will continue to create conditions for attracting investments to high-tech companies, for the work of venture capital funds that are ready to support Russian startups.

Medvedev also raised the question of whether business and the state are ready for digital transformation. Digitalization is changing approaches to public administration and legal regulation. There are a number of problems in the field of intellectual rights, protection of personal, personal information related to the cross-border nature of the absolute majority of services, when it is sometimes impossible to track the jurisdiction and rules by which such companies operate.

As the technologies of the Internet of things develop, the question will arise whether our critical infrastructure is ready at all, and in general the daily life of people - are we ready for such activities to be controlled from the outside, including through the use of foreign digital platforms. This is really a problem for the state and for individual people, - stated the chairman of the government.

At the end of the discussion at the plenary session of the forum, Medvedev called on foreign partners to hurry up to join forces to build a new "digital world," otherwise artificial intelligence will do it itself.

Governments around the world need to hurry until an artificial superintendent came to power and changed all of our organs, and pressed the delete button in order to reset our brains, "he said.

The prime minister also said that "we can still do something to establish the very atmosphere of trust that (Luxembourg Prime Minister) Xavier Bettel has just said."

Our task is to combine efforts so that humanity's jump into the digital world is still well prepared. And I'm sure we can do that. Precisely because we understand our responsibility today, "said Dmitry Medvedev.

How the Pension Fund steps into the digital economy

In October 2017, at a conference TAdviser IT Government Day , the head of the department (information technology Pension Fund Russia FIU) Dmitry Kuznetsov spoke about the tasks and projects that the fund implements as part of the transition to, digital economy as well as the problems that stand on this path. More. here

McKinsey: Digitalization of the economy will increase Russia's GDP by 4.1-8.9 trillion rubles by 2025

In July 2017, the consulting company McKinsey published a study "Digital Russia: A New Reality" on the role of digital technologies in the country's economy (download the full report in PDF). It presents an analysis of the current state of development of the digital economy in Russia, including by industry, its prospects, as well as a forecast of the impact that digitalization will have on the main spheres of life of the population and business.

According to the company's estimates, the potential economic effect of digitalization of the Russian economy will increase the country's GDP by 2025 by 4.1-8.9 trillion rubles (in 2015 prices), which will be from 19 to 34% of the total expected GDP growth. In 2016, according to Rosstat, the total GDP in Russia was about 86 trillion rubles.

The authors of the report associate such bold economic forecasts not only with the effect of automation of existing processes, but also with the introduction of fundamentally new, breakthrough business models and technologies, the report says. Among them are digital platforms, digital ecosystems, in-depth analytics of large amounts of data, Industry 4.0 technologies such as 3D printing, robotization, the Internet of Things.

The potential economic effect of the digitalization of the Russian economy until 2025 is 4.1-8.9 trillion rubles. (in 2015 prices), or 19-34% of total GDP growth.

Economic and social benefits from digitalization of the economy

Digitalization is the basis of economic growth

Russia already lives in the digital era, the authors of the study state: in terms of the number of Internet users, it ranks first in Europe and sixth in the world. Over the past three years, we have twice as many smartphones - now 60% of the population has them. This is more than in Brazil, India and Eastern European countries. And the number of users of portals of state and municipal services doubled in 2016 alone and reached 40 million people.

The contribution of the digital economy to Russia's GDP and its coronavirus

compared to other countries]]

At the same time, Russia is not yet included in the group of leaders in the development of the digital economy in many indicators - the level of digitalization, the share of the digital economy in GDP, the average delay in the development of technologies used in the leading countries. The share of the digital economy in Russia's GDP is 3.9%, which is 2-3 times lower than that of the leading countries. The share of public spending and private investment in the GDP structure is also lower than in the leading countries, and the volume of digital exports is four times less than imports.

Access to digital services in Russia is developed, but lags behind the EU countries

At the same time, in terms of digitalization, some industries are approaching the world level (for example, ICT, education, finance), but in many key industries (mining, manufacturing, industry and transport) Russia is still lagging behind the leading European countries.

Difference in the level of digitalization between Russia and Europe

A number of positive trends are noticeable. One of the most important indicators - the volume of the digital economy - has been growing rapidly in recent years. For example, the country's GDP from 2011 to 2015 grew by 7%, and the volume of the digital economy over the same period increased by 59% - by 1.2 trillion rubles. in 2015 prices. This is 8.5 times faster than the growth of other sectors of the Russian economy.

A complex but achievable goal, according to McKinsey, is to triple the volume of the digital economy from 3.2 trillion rubles in 2015 to 9.6 trillion rubles in 2025, in 2015 prices, which will require maintaining the average annual growth rate of the digital economy at 12%, which was observed in 2010-2015. These results will be equivalent to an increase in the share of the digital economy from the current 3.9% to 8-10% of GDP (depending on oil prices and other macroeconomic parameters), which on average corresponds to today's level of the countries leading in the volume of the digital economy: USA, China and Western Europe. The prospects for the growth of the digital economy of Russia above this level until 2025 seem unlikely, according to McKinsey.

Russian banks accelerate digital transformation

Building a digital bank requires optimization of processes, a new organizational culture and flexible IT solutions that support the speed of product launch and personalization of the offer. 75% of TOP30 banks surveyed by TAdviser believe that digitalization tasks should be accumulated within a single platform (more...).

Runet traffic passing through foreign servers will be reduced to 5%

The share of Russian traffic passing through foreign servers will have to be reduced to 5% by 2025. Such an indicator is offered by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications in the Digital Economy project, Izvestia wrote in May 2017.

Currently, the share of such traffic is 60%, the document says. The main data exchange points are Frankfurt, Stockholm and Amsterdam, the cost of connecting to which is seven times lower than in Russia, the newspaper writes. How it is planned to solve the financial issue is not specified.

The threshold of 5% is set because, probably, in some territories it will not be possible to do without transmitting traffic through foreign servers, for example, in. Kaliningrad In addition, a backup traffic transmission route is needed. According to experts Rostelecom"," in general, for Russian providers, the implementation of this requirement will not be a big problem due to insignificant financial costs.

In addition, the Digital Economy project talks about the launch of a 5G network in eight Russian million-plus cities by 2020. By 2025, fifth-generation networks will be deployed in 15 cities.

Sberbank began measuring digitalization in Russia

In April 2017, Sberbank launched the Ivanov Digital Index, which will calculate the level of penetration of digital technologies into the lives of Russians.

Ivanov is the average Russian aged 14-64 living in a city of more than 100,000 people.

The project created at Sberbank Investment Research (analytical department of Sberbank's corporate investment division) is designed to assess and predict the dynamics of various sectors of the "new economy," as well as determine the most promising directions for their further development. The index includes five components: Internet access, human capital, Internet use, commercial services and e-government.

Sberbank launched the Ivanov Digital Index, which will calculate the level of penetration of digital technologies into the lives of Russians

The first value of the "Ivanov Digital Index" is 51%. Sberbank Investment Research believes that this indicator reflects a turning point in the penetration of digital technologies into the life of the Ivanov: on the one hand, many Russians have technical opportunities to try certain digital products, on the other hand, there is a great potential for further growth and penetration of technologies.

The highest value in the index was recorded in the blocks "e-government" (61%) and "Internet access" (58%), and the greatest growth potential - in the blocks "paid services" (40%) and "human capital" (45%). Most of the Ivanovs have technical and financial opportunities to use digital services on the Internet. 85% of Ivanov use the Internet: 76% - wired, 63% - mobile, 54% of both types.

According to analysts, one of the drivers of the growth of the index and the penetration of technologies into the life of the Ivanov will be an increase in the intensity of the use of mobile Internet and mobile services, as well as the gradual flow of various everyday activities online and a more active life online with an increase in confidence in the digital environment.

What will be the digital economy of Russia in 2024? Deputy Minister of Communications Alexei Kozyrev gave a forecast for TAdviser SummIT

At a panel discussion at the TAdviser Summit 2017, Deputy Minister of Communications Alexei Kozyrev spoke about his vision of what the digital economy of Russia will be like in 2024. Its foundations should be: competent IT regulation, developed infrastructure, national centers of competence and digital platforms.

Alexey Kozyrev: We must make sure that the regulatory environment today begins to slightly overtake the technical capabilities of economic participants in innovation

Alexey Kozyrev identified three segments of the digital economy. Top level - specific programs and products where value added is created. Middle - a layer of competencies where platforms are created on the basis of which products arise. Research and development takes place here. And the third level is a foundation consisting of infrastructure, qualified personnel and a regulatory environment that favors transformation for digital technologies. The development program developed by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications considers the second and third levels in detail.

{{Quote 'One of the important blocks in the foundation of the digital economy is the regulatory block devoted to the question of how to describe new entities arising in this economy, how to configure the relationship between participants. By 2024, we would like to have such jurisdiction in a country that, on the one hand, attracts investors in terms of technological innovation, and on the other, protects intellectual property, interests and rights of data owners, supports data circulation in the right mode. We must make sure that the regulatory environment today begins to slightly overtake the technical capabilities of economic participants in innovation. In the near future, we need to provide for a sandboxes mechanism in the legislation, or introduce such norms in advance that allow us to immediately start introducing the technology, engage in innovations at the moment when the technology appears, "said Alexey Kozyrev}}

In the field of personnel training by 2024, Russia should have enough IT specialists. They are needed 10 times more than as of 2017 supplied by higher education institutions. Traditional professions, given the transformation of sectors of the economy, require an additional set of competencies related to digital technologies. These competencies will be formed in the mode of a mandatory educational program in schools and universities, as well as in career guidance, retraining.

By 2024, digital inequality will be eliminated in the infrastructure sector in Russia, and communication will appear in all hard-to-reach areas of the country. The situation with the data center will change significantly.

Now the two largest Chinese data centers in terms of computing power exceed all the capacities of the Russian Federation. We plan to create such a plan for the development of data centers that would be synchronized with the electrical infrastructure and with the infrastructure of data transmission channels, - said Alexey Kozyrev. - By 2024, the infrastructure should be a smart infrastructure. This is not just a set of individual elements, but a service platform that provides a set of digital semi-finished products on the basis of which platforms can be created. One of these services can be, for example, an electronic identification and authentication service for individuals and legal entities

Another component of the foundation of the digital economy is cyber resilience and cybersecurity. The number of threats and the complexity of the applied technologies will increase every year, and therefore it is planned to implement infrastructure-level solutions that protect the basic elements of this infrastructure from key threats.

At the middle level, one of the key tasks is to ensure closer interaction between research teams, large national companies, startups and financial institutions.

Competence centers, technology transfer centers should be formed, which accumulate research, funding, and national champions around them in order to turn new ideas into innovations as soon as possible and begin to really work in the economy, "Kozyrev said.

Given that in some industries the state has a high influence on the market, it should act as a catalyst for transformation processes. The program includes four sectoral areas within which they will act: health care, education, smart city, public administration.

By 2024, the basis for the development of the digital economy should be formed. In key industries, the transformation should create national leaders in their field who will become operators of digital platforms. On the basis of these platforms, a certain system of interaction of participants will be formed. Within the framework of the platform, participants will not be limited in creating new ways to interact with each other, in creating added value.

These platforms should become centers of attraction for the development of the relevant sectors of the economy, - summed up Alexey Kozyrev

TAdviser SummIT 2017 was attended by 400 IT managers of large commercial and government organizations, top managers and experts of IT companies.

Шаблон:TAdviser Gallery 2017

During the plenary part and four sessions of the event, about 50 reports were made. In panel discussions, the summit participants exchanged views and forecasts on the prospects for the development of technologies and information systems. The most outstanding achievements in the field of IT were awarded by the organizers of the TAdviser IT-PRIZE award.

Medvedev instructed to study the possibilities of blockchain for use in the digital economy

Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev in March 2017 instructed the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Economic Development to consider the possibility of using blockchain technology in the public administration system and the economy of the Russian Federation^[14]This must be done in the preparation of the Digital Economy program, which will be included in the government's comprehensive action plan in 2017-2025. More details here.

ROC sees a threat in the digital economy

In January 2017, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia announced that the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) was concerned about the development of a digital economy that could limit human freedom.

Undoubtedly, the introduction of digital technologies will ensure greater efficiency of the decision-making process, which, of course, is good. But the church also has another concept - security... The church is very concerned that modern technical means are able to completely limit human freedom, - he said in a Christmas interview with the Russia 1 TV channel.

Patriarch Kirill

Patriarch Kirill stressed that this is not only about the possibility of "malicious people or forces to use digital technology," since "not only the technological, but also the spiritual level is important." As an example, he cited people who talk about the need to give up cash and switch only to electronic cards.

We have hotheads who speak with delight about the need to eliminate cash and switch only to electronic cards. This will provide transparency, control, and all those arguments with which many are well acquainted. And all this is so. And if suddenly at some point in historical development access to these cards will be opened in response to your loyalty?, - he explained.

The head of the Russian Orthodox Church cited as an example a certain European state, where those wishing to obtain citizenship or a residence permit are offered to watch a video talking about the life of the country, its customs and laws. According to the patriarch, this video, in particular, vividly presents the topic of LGBT people.

And what if access to finance is limited to such conditions? Today the church speaks to the full voice about these dangers, "the clergyman emphasized.

He added that the introduction of digital technologies will ensure greater efficiency of the decision-making process, and this, in his opinion, is good.^[15]

Digital Code in Russia

Main article: Digital Code in Russia

Information technologies in the social sphere

Separate article - Information technologies in the social sphere (federal institution)

Notes