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The role of genes in the development of alcoholism ranges from 40 to 60%
The sad observation that the tendency to drink is passed down from generation to generation is not disputed even by those who, in principle, do not believe in genetics.
Moreover, alcoholism perfectly meets the criteria by which it is usually checked whether a particular disease is hereditary. Relatives of alcoholics become alcoholics four times more often than those who did not have this habit in the family.
Identical twins of an alcoholic have a greater chance of sleeping than fraternal or half-siblings. Children of alcoholics adopted by teetotalers risk being addicted to drinking at the same four times the rate as the average person.
Taken together, all these data indicate that the role of genes in the development of alcoholism ranges from 40 to 60%.
Sobering-up stations
Main article: Sobering-up centers
Does alcohol warm in cold weather
Despite the common belief, the opposite is true. A normal protective response of the body to cold is narrowing of blood vessels.
Constriction of blood vessels slows down blood circulation, thus heat is preserved, and the limbs become slightly colder, all energy is sent to save vital internal organs.
Alcohol dilates the blood vessels, causing some people to redness their skin and briefly giving them a warm sensation as blood rushes to the surface of the body. However, after that, the body begins to lose significantly more heat.
Alcoholic beverages force the body to work against itself and ultimately make you freeze.
Medicines for alcoholism
2022
'Stroking'device created to combat alcoholism
On November 4, 2022, it became known that Aalto University has developed a device that helps maintain alcoholic sobriety in combination with other treatments such as psychosocial therapy and pharmaceuticals. Read more here.
Domestic medicine for alcoholism registered in Russia
At the end of June 2022, R-Pharm announced the registration in Russia of its own drug Ardaleva (ondelopran) for the treatment of patients with alcohol dependence. The registration certificate issued by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation is valid until December 2025. Read more here.
Chronicle
2023
Increase in the number of patients with alcoholism in Moscow by 1.5 times
In Russia, in 2023, the number of patients seeking treatment for alcoholism increased 1.5 times. This alarming indicator was recorded by private clinics in Moscow, which indicates an increase in newly identified alcohol dependence. This became known on June 24, 2024.
According to Kommersant, Rosstat publishes fresh statistics every two years, but already in 2022, an increase in the number of patients with alcohol dependence was recorded by 1.5%, which amounted to more than 54 thousand people. In 2023, this trend has significantly intensified.
In Russia,
The head of the narcological and psychiatric "Clinic of Dr. Isaev" Ruslan Isaev noted that the number of requests for treatment for alcoholism has been growing for several years. According to him, treatment can cost from several tens to several hundred thousand rubles, depending on the intensity of the course and the conditions of stay in the clinic.
 | We record a slight increase. And there are two main reasons for this. Firstly, with the work of EGAIS, there was less counterfeit. It's just that part of the alcohol that used to fall into the "gray" zone began to be recorded. Secondly, this is chronic stress in the population. This is COVID-19, which smoothly moved into excessive sanctions pressure and the associated costs to health, business, and so on. Naturally, this leads to an increase in stress levels. People are looking for mild, affordable, but not always the right, but affordable antidepressants, which include alcohol. And, in fact, we have such a result, "Isaev explained. |  |
According to Kommersant, a change in the vector of alcohol consumption also plays a role in the increase in the number of patients with alcoholism. The decline in alcohol consumption in the last few years in Russia has slowed down, which, according to the Minister of Health Mikhail Murashko, is associated with the general situation in the country.[1]
283 million people suffer from headaches due to alcohol in the world. Why they appear
On October 30, 2023, a study was published explaining the cause of headaches after drinking alcohol. As scientists have found out, the stress hormone corticotropin-releasing factor, or corticorelin for short, is responsible for the headache.
Alcohol use disorder affects 283 million people worldwide. The damage to the economy from this disorder is approximately $2 trillion per year.
| | People are trying to recover, but it's very difficult. Headache is one of the severe symptoms of withdrawal syndrome, which pushes the patient back to drinking because people know that after drinking alcohol, the pain recedes. This creates a side circle. This is how alcohol addiction appears - commented Dr. Yu Shin Kim, a neurosurgeon at the University of Health Sciences in Texas, one of the authors of the study. | |
Dr. Kim and his colleagues found out that the stress hormone corticotropin-releasing factor activates immune cells (also known as mast cells) in the dura mater - a thin, transparent membrane under the skull. Corticotropin-releasing factor is attached to the dura via blood vessels, from where it is released and attached to the MrgprB2 receptor. Thus, the hormone sends a signal to the release of chemical signals that lead to vasodilation. It also activates peripheral nerve endings, which cause headache.
The results of this study can serve as the basis for subsequent studies of various mechanisms, including withdrawal syndrome. Theoretically, this could lead to the creation of a molecular drug to prevent the ligament corticotropin-releasing factor and the MrgprB2 receptor, which could reduce the amount of pain in withdrawal syndrome.[2]
Drinking a small amount of alcohol reduces the risk of death
Light and moderate use of alcoholic beverages reduces the risk of coronary heart disease and reduces the likelihood of steatohepatitis. This conclusion was reached by researchers from Ghent University, the results of which were released on May 4, 2023.
Experts have studied the relationship between alcohol consumption and the development of so-called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - this is a special case of steatohepatosis that occurs in people who do not abuse alcohol. The study analyzed the available scientific articles on the relevant topic and extracted information from the available electronic databases. In addition, various aspects of NAFLD have been studied, including mortality from certain causes, including cardiovascular diseases. Light was taken to drink alcohol in a volume of no more than 10 g of pure ethanol per day, moderate - no more than 30 g.
The University of Ghent team concluded that moderate alcohol consumption increases the risk of advanced liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. However, as already noted, the likelihood of developing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is reduced. At the same time, it was found that the easy use of alcoholic beverages reduces mortality - possibly due to a decrease in the number of cases associated with the cardiovascular system.
The report states that patients with NAFLD are not recommended to drink alcohol in moderation. At the same time, based on the results of the review made, there is not enough evidence to recommend complete abstinence from alcohol for people with the named disease. More research is required to obtain more accurate conclusions.[3]
Alcohol in small quantities caused 23 thousand cases of cancer in Europe
On January 4, 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the results of a study according to which the amount of alcohol consumed that is safe for health does not exist.
Alcohol is reported to be responsible for at least seven species, cancer including the most common, such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer. Ethanol causes cancer through biological processes associated with the breakdown of a substance in the human body, from which it follows that the risk of developing malignancies exists when consuming any alcoholic beverages, regardless of their cost and quality.
It is estimated that alcohol has caused more than 740,000 cases of cancer worldwide in 2020. In the WHO European Region, where cancer is the main cause of death, light to moderate alcohol consumption, that is, less than 1.5 liters of wine, or less than 3.5 liters of beer, or less than 450 ml of strong alcoholic beverages per week, led to 23 thousand new cases of cancer in 2017.
| | In order to determine the "safe" level of alcohol consumption, it is necessary to demonstrate on the basis of reliable scientific data that at a certain level of consumption and below this level, there is no threat of diseases or injuries associated with alcohol consumption, the WHO publication says. | |
At the same time, the WHO European Region ranks first in the world in terms of alcohol consumption and in terms of the share of the population drinking alcohol. The risk of cancer due to the use of hot drinks threatens more than 200 million residents. It is also noted that there are no scientific studies that could demonstrate that the potential beneficial effect of drinking alcohol in small to moderate amounts for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes outweighs the risk of developing cancer associated with drinking the same amount of alcohol.[4]
2022
The number of alcoholics in Russia has grown for the first time in 10 years
In 2022, the number of alcoholics Russia in increased for the first time in 10 years and reached 54.2 thousand people. This is stated in the collection " Rosstat Health care in Russia-2023," published at the end of December 2023.
As Kommersant writes with reference to Rosstat materials, from 2010 to 2021, the number of newly identified patients with alcohol dependence almost halved - from 100 thousand to 53 thousand people, but in 2022, doctors again stated that the number of people with alcohol dependence began to grow.
Experts interviewed by the newspaper explain the rollback in 2022 for a number of reasons, including a pandemic, geopolitical tensions, socio-economic shocks and the spread of non-chemical types of addiction among young Russians.
In turn, Vladimir Mendelevich, head of the Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology at Kazan State Medical University, explained that Rosstat's data are not enough to conclude that the situation with the diagnosis of alcohol dependence has changed. He claims that under the supervision of the state, not only patients with addiction are taken, but also people with so-called harmful use, in the second case - this is a "social diagnosis." The Zyfras increase or decrease based on the "social order," the specialist explained.
Psychiatrist, narcologist, head of the narcological and psychiatric clinic Ruslan Isaev noted that before the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, there was a noticeable decrease in the alcoholization of the population. He linked this to state policies to reduce alcohol abuse, restrictions on the sale of alcohol and its advertising, information policies to form a culture of healthy lifestyles and social success.[5]
In Russia, the number of villagers suffering from alcoholism increased by 7% over the year
By the end of 2022, the number of rural residents suffering from alcoholism in Russia increased by 7% compared to a year ago. Elena Sheshko, director of the department of medical care for children and public health of the Russian Ministry of Health, cited such data on December 20, 2022, speaking at a meeting in the Federation Council.
| | Unfortunately, the mortality rate of the rural population due to alcohol is growing. Mental disorders in only one year increased by 6% precisely for rural residents, she said. | |
Sheshko also added that by the end of 2022, the number of women suffering from alcohol dependence increased by 7%, and in 30% of cases of death of children in 2021, external factors were the cause.
| | When parents did not give due attention to their children due to alcohol consumption, she clarified. | |
On October 21, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin called the problem of alcoholism in the country solvable. The head of state expressed confidence that "not a ban, but the opportunity to engage in self-development" will help Russians cope with a high level of alcohol consumption.
On August 17, 2022, Putin said that when fighting alcoholism, nothing should be prohibited and unnecessary to raise prices. At a meeting with the acting governor of the Vladimir region, Alexander Avdeev, the president called primitive statements that "men drink and will drink."
According to RBC, the government presented a negative response to the initiative of a group of deputies and senators to place a warning "Alcohol is your enemy!" On bottles with alcohol, as well as make the inscriptions on bottles about the dangers of alcohol more noticeable.
The volume of alcohol consumption per capita in Russia has decreased, but is still at a high level, said Russian Health Minister Mikhail Murashko at the All-Russian Public Health Forum at the end of October 2022.[6]
2021: 1.2 million Russians suffer from alcohol dependence
According to data, by the Ministries of Health RUSSIAN FEDERATION end of 2021, more than 1.19 million Russians had alcohol dependence, but this number is lower than in 2008, since alcohol consumption during this time has decreased by at least 40%.
| | This figure [almost 1.2 million alcoholics - approx. Zdrav.Expert] is extremely large, - said Deputy Minister of Health of the Russian Federation Oleg Salagay at a press conference in September 2022. | |
According to him, alcohol is a risk factor associated with mortality, especially at working age: about 70% of deaths from cirrhosis of the liver are associated with alcohol consumption, 60% from cardiomyopathy and almost half of deaths from pancreatitis.
Sofia Malyavina, Director General of the National Priorities ANO, said that when the Ministry of Health began a program to combat alcoholism in 2008, per capita consumption in Russia was 18 liters of pure alcohol.
| | There were four in tsarist Russia. Then it went on growing. And the Great Patriotic War, where there were front-line 100 grams, made a significant contribution, and then not a single celebration took place without this, - said Malyavina. | |
She also cited statistics on research that ANO National Priorities conducted together with VTsIOM. In June 2022, 62% of those surveyed said they did not drink, stopped drinking or drank alcohol less often. In December 2021, it was 60%, in December 2020 - 48%, Malyavina said.
In August 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin, at a meeting with the Governor of the Vladimir Region Alexander Avdeev, announced the need to "deploy the promotion of a healthy lifestyle." At the same time, the head of state stressed that in the fight against alcoholism "nothing can be prohibited."[7]
2020: US alcohol deaths soar
On November 4, 2022, government data was published, according to which the number of deaths that may be directly related to alcohol increased in the United States by almost 30% during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Read more here.
2019: 2.6 million people died from alcohol in the world in a year
In 2019, approximately 2.6 million alcohol-related deaths were recorded worldwide. The highest mortality rates due to alcohol are observed in the European and African regions - 52.9 and 52.2 cases per 100,000 people, respectively. Such data are provided in a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), released on June 25, 2024.
WHO notes that alcohol consumption is responsible for more than 200 diseases, injuries and other health disorders. In particular, mental and behavioral disorders can be observed, as well as severe non-communicable diseases such as cirrhosis, certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The WHO European region ranks first in the world in terms of alcohol consumption and in terms of the proportion of the population drinking alcohol. The risk of developing malignancies for this reason threatens more than 200 million Europeans.
In
In the total number of deaths related to alcohol, in 2019, approximately 2 million fell on men and 0.6 million - on women. About 1.6 million deaths were due to non-communicable diseases, in particular, cardiovascular (about 474 thousand) and oncological (about 401 thousand). Approximately 700 thousand deaths occurred as a result of injuries against the background of alcohol consumption, including in connection with drunk driving. Almost 300 thousand deaths occurred as a result of infectious diseases.
The review said the highest proportion of alcohol-related deaths in 2019 was reported among young people aged 20-39 - approximately 13% of all cases. According to estimates, in 2019, 400 million people aged 15 years and older live with alcohol use disorders worldwide, and 209 million have alcohol dependence.[8]
1988
18th century: Medal for drunkenness
See also
Notes
- ↑ Alcoholism treated privately
- ↑ Scientists identify mechanism of alcohol withdrawal headaches
- ↑ The Impact of Light-to-moderate Alcohol Consumption on Progressive Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- ↑ No amount of alcohol 'safe', even low consumption hikes cancer risk: WHO
- ↑ In Russia, for the first time in 12 years, the number of alcoholics has increased
- ↑ The Ministry of Health reported an increase in the number of people dependent on alcohol in the countryside by 7% per year
- ↑ The Ministry of Health estimated at 1.2 million the number of Russians with alcohol dependence
- ↑ Worldwide, around 2.6 million deaths were caused by alcohol consumption in 2019
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