Buddhism

General information

Buddha-dharma (Skt. बुद धर्म, buddha dharma; Pali बुद्ध धम्म, buddha dhamma, "The Doctrine of the Awakened") is a religious and philosophical doctrine of spiritual awakening that arose around the 6th century BC. e. In southern Asia based on the ideas of Buddha Shakyamuni. 

According to official information recognized by UNESCO, the Buddha parinirvana was accomplished in 544 BC. In 1956, the world celebrated the 2500th anniversary of Buddhism.

• Parinirvana is the final nirvana in Buddhism, which can be achieved only after the physical death of a person who has achieved complete enlightenment or, otherwise, awakening (bodhi). Parinirvana is the main goal of Buddhist practice. Parinirvana means going beyond the chain of rebirth and destroying all physical and mental scandxes.

• Skandkhi - (Sansk. pañcaskandhī, russ. "five heaps") - the totality of the five types of experience that make up our self, the personality is formed. Buddhists believe that there is really no unchanging, durable self. What we assume as a person are five types of experience (or ways of perception). The following classification of skandh is widespread: form, feeling, perception, karmic formations, consciousness.
  • Form (rupa) - sensory perception of physical and material phenomena and objects with the help of sensory organs - eyes (vision), nose (smell), ears (hearing), tongue (taste) and body (touch).
  • Sense (vedana) - classification of information that we receive through the senses. It is positive, negative or neutral. Accordingly, this combination will provoke the person either to receive something pleasant, or to avoid something painful. The evaluation at this stage is passive and unconscious.
  • Perception (samjna) - the ability to analyze, generalize the experience obtained using rupa- and vedana-skandh. I.e. everything that we see, hear, smell, taste, touch and think about we recognize, type based on previous or similar experience.
  • Mental formations (samskara) - attention, memory, secondary assessment, unconscious or not fully conscious intentions, desires. All active actions, good and bad, belong to the totality of mental formations - samskara-skandhe. The totality of mental formations is associated with karma, since actions create karma. Samskara also contains hidden karma accumulated earlier, which defines our attitudes, preferences, biases, interests and passions. This scanda is fundamental, since it implies that the experience gained through other scandxes is based on intention (one of the mental formations). Any suffering overtakes the person only because of the intention to live this or that experience. Thus, if a person changes intentions or completely abandons them, she can stop suffering, which is the goal of Buddhism.
  • Consciousness (vijnana) - consciousness or mind as a subjective understanding of your self and the world around you, summarizing all the experience gained. Consciousness develops, changes throughout life.

The creator of the doctrine is Gautama. It is also called:

Buddha is enlightened by higher knowledge.

Siddhartha - fulfilled its purpose.

Shakyamuni is a sage from the Shakya tribe.

• According to legend, an unusual boy named Siddhartha Gautama was born to a couple of Indian kings. Koroleva Makhamaya, Gautama's future mother, saw a prophetic dream that indicated that she was destined to produce not an ordinary person, but a great person who would go down in history, illuminating this world with the light of knowledge. When the child was born, noble parents saw for him the future of the ruler or Enlightened.
• Siddhartha's father, King of Shuddhodan, protected the boy from worldly imperfections, diseases and misfortunes throughout his childhood and youth. Until his twentieth birthday, young Gautama lived in a blooming palace, far from the reach of being and the hardships of ordinary life. At the age of 29, the young handsome prince married the beautiful Yashodhar. The young couple had a healthy, glorious son Rahul. They lived happily, but one day a young husband and father went out of the gates of the palace. There he found people exhausted by disease, suffering, poverty. He saw death and realized that there was old age, ailments. He was upset by such discoveries. He realized the futility of being. But despair did not have time to overwhelm the prince. He met a disowned monk - samana. This meeting was an omen and showed the future Enlightened that, having renounced worldly passions, you can find appeasement, serenity. The heir to the throne abandoned his family, left the house. He went in search of the truth.
• On his way, Gautama was given a harsh ascetic. He shaved in search of sages to listen to their teachings and thoughts. As a result, he found his ideal way out of suffering. He discovered the "middle ground," which implied the denial of severe austerity and the rejection of excessive excesses.
• At the age of 35, Siddhartha Gautama gained Enlightenment and became a Buddha. Since then, he has joyfully shared his knowledge with people. He returned to his native places, where his loved ones were very happy for him. Gautama Buddha found liberation and peace at the beginning of his ninth dozen. After himself, he left a huge legacy - Dharma.

History

2023: Russia approved the creation of a single platform with access to books on Buddhism from around the world

Russia has approved the creation of a single platform with access to books on Buddhism from all over the world. This became known on August 19, 2023.

Following the work of the [first International Buddhist] Forum [held in August 2023 in Ufa]:... To begin the development of a unified academic information platform and a system for common access to materials and books on Buddhism in libraries around the world, the document says, excerpts from which lead. TASS

Creation of a single platform with access to books on Buddhism approved

The forum also resulted in the adoption of a resolution announcing the start of work on the creation of an international association of Buddhist research and education in order to strengthen the community of Buddhists and researchers from different countries.

One of the very important issues we have [is] the difficulty of translating Buddhist texts into other languages because the first texts were created in Pali - the Pali canon. They were translated many times into different languages ​ ​ - Chinese, Mongolian, Old Mongolian, Russian. Naturally, there are large discrepancies in the interpretation of many terms. And the first thing that seems very important to us is to compare translations, compare terminology, and on this basis create a new dictionary of Buddhist terms, in which both religious ministers and the largest researchers should take part, - explained the head of the Foundation for the Promotion of Buddhist Education and Research, Director of the Institute of Asian and African Countries Moscow State University. Lomonosov Alexey Maslov.

According to him, it is necessary to attract outstanding scientists, including from,,, Moscow and Buryatia Kalmykia Tuva St. Petersburg centers, scientists from Buddhist datsans, as well Russian Academy of Sciences as foreign researchers, to discuss the pressing problems of Buddhism.

That is, our task is to show that Buddhism is not only everyday faith, but also a very serious, scientific, scientific, philosophical, scientific and religious system, "added Maslov.[1]

2022: Japan creates digital Buddha for believers

In early October 2022, experts from Kyoto University in Japan announced the development of an experimental AI Buddha system - a virtual Buddha based on artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) technologies. Read more here.

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