CAD

Manufacturers of design systems

Шаблон:Main'CAD (manufacturers)

The table presented in this material is an ordered list of manufacturers of ready-made software solutions in the field of design, development and industrial design systems.

Features

In addition to the use of automation systems for engineering calculations and CAE analysis CAD , Computer-Aided Design systems are usually used at this time. Information from - CAD systems comes to (CAM Computer-aided manufacturing). It should be noted that the English term "CAD" in relation to industrial systems has a narrower interpretation than the Russian term "," CAD since the concept of "CAD" includes both, and CAD. CAM CAE Among all information technology , design automation occupies a special place. First of all, design automation  is a synthetic discipline, since it includes various modern information technologies. For example, CAD technical support is based on the operation of computer networks telecommunication and technologies, and CAD also practices the use of personal computers and workstations. Speaking about the mathematical support of CAD, one should note the variety of methods used: computational mathematics, mathematical programming, statistics, discrete mathematics, artificial intelligence. CAD software complexes can be compared with some of the most complex modern software systems, which are based on such operating systems as,, and programming languages ​ ​ Windows Unix as, and, With as well as C++ Java modern technologies. CASE Almost every development engineer should have knowledge of the fundamentals of design automation and be able to work with CAD tools. Since all design departments, offices and design bureaus are equipped with computers, the work of the designer with such a tool as a regular kulman or calculations using a logarithmic line has become irrelevant. Therefore, enterprises operating without CAD or using it to a small extent become uncompetitive, as they spend much more time and financial resources on design.

CAD types

• CAD Mathematical Support (MO)  - this type implies the combination of mathematical methods, models and algorithms for the purpose of designing)
• CAD Linguistic Support (LO)  is an expression of communication languages ​ ​ between designers and computers, data exchange languages ​ ​ and programming languages ​ ​ between CAD technical tools;
• CAD (Maintenance) technical support  - this includes peripheral devices, computers, communication lines, data processing and output , etc .;
• CAD Information Support (IR)  - consists of databases (DB), database management systems (DBMS) and other data that are used in design;
• Software CAD ON   is primarily a computer based CAD program;
• Methodological support (MetO)  - includes various design methods;
• Organizational Support (GS)  - is represented by staffing tables, job descriptions and other documents that determine the work of the project enterprise.

CAD Structure

Being one of the complex systems, CAD consists of two subsystems: designing and servicing. Design procedures are performed by designing subsystems. Subsystems of geometric 3D modeling of mechanical objects are a vivid example of designing subsystems. With the help of service subsystems, the functioning of design subsystems is carried out, their unity, as a rule, is called the system environment or the CAD shell. Subsystems of management of a designing process (DesPM -  Design Process Management), managements of design data are considered as the characteristic serving subsystems (PDM -  Product Data Management). Dialog subsystem (DP); DBMS; tool subsystem; monitor -  providing interaction of all subsystems and control of their execution -  these are service subsystems of the software . The online software subsystem allows the CAD user to interact interactively with the software control and designing subsystems, as well as prepare and correct initial data, familiarize themselves with the results of the design subsystems operating in batch mode.

The structure of ESCS software is determined by the following factors:

• Aspects and level of software-generated descriptions, projected objects, and subject area
• degree of automation of specific design operations and procedures;
• resources provided for software development;
• architecture and composition of technical means, operation mode.

CAD classification

CAD is classified according to the following principles: target purpose, application, scale and nature of the base subsystem. CAD or CAD subsystems that provide various aspects of design are identified for the purpose. Thus , CAE/CAD/CAM systems appear in MCAD:

• CAD-F or CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) systems. This refers to Functional Design CAD
• CAD-K  - design CAD of general engineering, most often they are called simply CAD systems;
• CAD-T  - process ESCS of general engineering  - ASTPP (automated production preparation systems) or CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) systems.

For applications, CAD groups such as:

• Mechanical CAD or MCAD (Mechanical CAD) systems  are CAD systems for general engineering applications.
• ECAD (Electronic CAD) or EDA (Electronic Design Automation) systems  - CAD for radio electronics.
• CAD in the field of architecture and construction.

In addition, there is a large number of more specialized CAD, or allocated in certain groups, or being a separate branch in the classification. These are systems such as: BIS-CAD (large integrated circuits); ESCS of aircraft and ESCS of electrical vehicles. Independent software-methodical complexes (PMK) of ESCS are determined by scale:

• Mechanical product strength analysis complex according to finite element method (FEA)
• Electronic Circuit Analysis Complex;
• PMK systems;
• Systems with unique software () software and hardware () architectures hardware.

Classification by the nature of the base subsystem

• CAD programs that are directed to applications where the main design procedure is design, that is, determining the spatial shapes and mutual arrangement of objects. This is CAD based on machine graphics and mathematical modeling. This group of systems includes most of the CAD graphics cores in the field of mechanical engineering.
• CAD, focused on applications in which a large amount of data is processed with fairly simple mathematical calculations. This is CAD based. DBMS CAD data are mainly found in technical and economic applications, for example, in the process of designing business plans, objects like control boards in automation systems.
• Complex (integrated) CAD, which includes a set of previous types of subsystems. Typical examples of complex CAD can CAECADCAM be//-systems in mechanical engineering or CAD BIS. Thus DBMS , the component design subsystems, schematic, logical and functional diagrams, crystal topology, tests for checking the serviceability of products is an integral part of CAD LIS. Specialized system environments are used to manage such complex systems.
• CAD based on a specific application package. In fact, these are freely used software and methodological complexes, such as the complex of simulation modeling of production processes, the complex of synthesis and analysis of automatic control systems, the complex of strength calculation using the method of finite elements , etc.  As a rule, CAD data belong to CAE systems. For example, logical design programs based on the VHDL language, mathematical packages of type MathCAD.

CAD Development

One of the key topics of CAD development is cloud computing: remote work with data hosted on remote servers from various devices that have access to the Internet. Today, clouds have advanced very significantly in the segment of light applications and services - mainly in the consumer sector. There are two options for integration. In the first case, the entire infrastructure of engineering services is transferred to the cloud, and accordingly the need for engineering software installed on the workplace disappears altogether. In the second case, the designer still has a graphical workstation with CAD installed, but he gets access from it to various cloud services, thanks to which it is possible to solve problems that require very significant resources (for example, to conduct a strength analysis). Cloud communication is possible in two ways: publicly, when access to the server located at the provider is open through the Internet, and privately, when the server is in the enterprise and access it via a closed local network. In Russia, the development of clouds in the field of CAD is restrained by the need to observe excessive secrecy in many projects. Therefore, it is likely that private clouds will soon become the main driver of the market. Clouds are not only new technologies, but also the opportunity to experiment with new business models.^[1]

The next important trend is alternative OS. Five years ago, when there was talk about an alternative to Microsoft Windows, it was usually about Linux. This topic is still relevant today: the domestic national software platform is likely to be made on the basis of the Linux kernel; interest in this OS is growing in the field of education and in government agencies (there are examples of a successful transition). However, now we can talk about the significant potential of the Google Chrome OS operating system. And here the mentioned trend closes with the cloud trend - the Google OS, as you know, does not imply the installation of applications on a local computer.

The downward trend in the market share of PCs plays an important role in the promotion of this OS. Obviously, if most cumbersome and complex computing is transferred to clouds, hardware requirements are reduced and it becomes possible to work on any device. For example, on tablets. As a result, CAD developers will either have to develop platform-independent solutions (cloud version), or make them multi-platform.

The next theme is "iron." Here again, it is determined by market dissatisfaction with the solution of the monopolist - the classic architecture of Intel (its pace of development). In this regard, the trend towards the development of ARM architecture is clearly noted. It is now supported by several manufacturers, among which one of the most active is Nvidia (Nvidia). So far, this architecture is actively used only in mobile devices, but in the near future, apparently, it will switch to stationary PCs. Indirectly, this is evidenced by the fact that the future Microsoft Windows 8 OS will be able to work on ARM architecture too (for the first time not only on Intel).

The second trend is to transfer a significant part of the calculations from the central processor to the graphics core. This topic relates more to parallel computing.

Another trend is the growth of the mobile market. He received the most acceleration last year with the advent of iPad. At first, however, it seemed that this device was purely consumer and in the corporate sector it would not be applicable. However, it turned out that it is quite suitable for solving many problems.

In the CAD sector today, many employees are mobile - they work on the road, at remote construction sites, move around the country, and work at home. (All this requires a convenient mobile device.)

One way or another, abroad, the fact that every engineering officer will soon have a tablet is being said today as a fait accompli. There are already attractive mobile platforms for developers IOS Apple Android and Google, as well as a significant number of CAD applications for them.

Now it is very difficult to say whether in ten years the keyboard and mouse will leave our arsenal. But the fact is that interfaces focused on working with multi-touch screens (finger-oriented) are clearly gaining popularity. In mobile devices, they have almost become the standard. Today, it is clear that this interface is more than suitable for consuming information. Whether it is also good for its creation, for working with CAD, it is still difficult to say. For a massive transition to such interfaces, there is still not enough technological base. Now there are simply not enough large multi-touch panels on the market with the required resolution for CAD.

The CAD market is very conservative. Even replacing one such system with another in the framework of work on one project is a rather difficult task. What can we say about a serious change in the paradigm, interfaces, generations of CAD. Therefore, this market is clearly not among the leaders of the technological race - there is development, but obviously not as fast as we would like. However, in the coming decade, engineers who have grown up already in the era of the Internet, new technologies and mobile devices will come to the enterprises, and one way or another they will actively introduce elements of their culture to the market.

CAD in construction

Шаблон:Main 'Digital transformation of industrial construction. TADetals

Digitalization of the business affected all its industries. In the last decade, the boom has been experiencing solutions for the design, engineering and design of industrial facilities. From Soviet culmans, designers came to 3D modeling. What digitalization means for this segment, how to help the team work in a single space and why it is not yet possible to completely get rid of paper media, helped AVEVA CEO Alexei Lebedev to understand.

Links

• Шаблон:Ruwiki 'Design Automation System
• I.P  . Norenkov. Automated Design