Carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide - CO2)
Carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide (also carbon gas, carbon dioxide, carbon OKSIS (IV), carbon dioxide) is a colorless gas (under normal conditions), almost odorless (in large concentrations with an acidic "soda" smell), with the chemical formula CO2.
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Sources of CO2 emissions
The world's CO2 carbon dioxide emissions
Main article: Carbon Free Zone
Zero waste philosophy (Bioeconomics) Green economy
Main article: Zero waste philosophy (Bioeconomics) Green economy
Starting production of CO2 food
In mid-January 2023, food tech startup Arkeon announced the start of using gas fermentation to turn CO2 into food. It is known that about a quarter of greenhouse gas emissions are created in the production of food. Read more here.
Impact on atmosphere
Carbon dioxide gas easily transmits radiation in the ultraviolet and visible parts of the spectrum, which comes from the Earth Sun and heats it. At the same time, it absorbs infrared radiation emitted by the Earth and is one of the greenhouse gases, as a result of which it is assumed that it should participate in the process of global warming.
Initially, before the advent of life, carbon dioxide formed the basis of the Earth's atmosphere and its level decreased from tens of percent to a fraction of one as a result of the process of photosynthesis. An increase in carbon dioxide content to a certain concentration leads to the appearance of clouds from carbon dioxide, which leads to cooling. Both of these phenomena explain why the temperature conditions of life on Earth are relatively stable for billions of years.
Human impact
Carbon dioxide gas is non-toxic, but when inhaling its increased concentrations in the air by its effect on airborne living organisms, it is classified as suffocating gases. According to GOST (GOST 8050-85), carbon dioxide belongs to hazard class IV.
Slight increases in concentration, up to 0.2 − 0.4% (2000 − 4000 ppm), in the premises lead to the development of drowsiness and weakness in people.
| Effects on healthy adults | Carbon dioxide concentration, ppm |
|---|---|
| Normal outdoor level | 350—450 |
| Acceptable levels | <600 |
| Complaints about stale air | 600—1000 |
| Maximum level of ASHRAE[1] | 1000 |
| General lethargy | 1000—2500 |
| Possible undesirable health effects | 1000—2500 |
| Maximum allowable concentration during 8 hour working day | 5000 |
Concentrations of about 7 − 10% are considered hazardous to health, at which suffocation symptoms develop, manifested in the form of headache, dizziness, hearing disorder and loss of consciousness (symptoms similar to those of altitude sickness), these symptoms develop, depending on the concentration, for a time from several minutes to one hour.
For rooms, a CO₂ level of about 600 ppm (ppm) is normal. Increased concentrations of carbon dioxide reduce people's cognitive abilities. Already at 1200 ppm, blood vessels in the brain expand, neuronal activity decreases, and the volume of communication between brain regions decreases. In school classes, the concentration of 2000 − 2500 is typical, and the total range of values is from 1000 to 6000, this is of concern to researchers, since a decrease in the results of students performing test tasks in stuffy rooms has been identified.
By inhaling air with very high gas concentrations, death occurs very quickly from asphyxiation caused by hypoxia.
Despite the fact that even the concentration of 5-7% of CO₂ in the air is non-lethal, but at a concentration of 0.1% (such a content of carbon dioxide is sometimes observed in the air of megacities), people begin to feel weak, drowsy. This shows that even with a high level of oxygen, a high concentration of CO₂ significantly affects human well-being.
| Symptoms in healthy adults[2]. | Carbon dioxide concentration, ppm |
|---|---|
| Mild poisoning, increased pulse and respiratory rate, nausea and vomiting | 30 000 |
| Headache and mild impairment of consciousness added | 50 000 |
| Loss of consciousness, in the future - death | 100 000 |
Inhalation of air with an increased concentration of this gas does not lead to long-term health disorders. After removing the victim from the atmosphere with a high concentration of carbon dioxide, a complete recovery of health and well-being quickly occurs.
With a reduced level of carbon dioxide in the blood, fainting is also possible. See Hyperventilation in the article "Lungs of Man."
Volcano sightings
In 2016, 9 volcanoes were included in the monitoring of the Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) scientific project, whose task is to collect data on emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur oxide (SO2, one of the main components of volcanic gases). Including the monitoring includes the volcano Poas in Costa Rica.
What can the IT industry do to reduce emissions?
Every year the issue of environmental protection becomes more acute. Air pollution is one of the major environmental issues to date. The key steps towards resolving this issue are achieving carbon neutrality and decarbonizing the global economy. Why is it important to reduce carbon emissions, how to do it, and how will the IT industry help? Read more here.
2021: VKhZ.31 creates a blockchain platform for fixing emissions CO₂
VKhZ.31 is creating a blockchain platform to fix CO₂ emissions. The plant announced this on June 21, 2021. Read more here.
See also
Notes
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