Computer program
The computer program — the sequence of instructions intended for execution by a computer control device. Most often the image of the program is stored in a type of the performed module (the separate file or group of files). From this image which is as a rule on a disk, the runtime program in RAM can be constructed by the program loader. Depending on a context, the considered term can belong as well to source texts of the program.
Content |
Act of the Russian Federation "About Protection of Programs"
In the Acts of the Russian Federation "About Protection of Programs and Databases for a Computer" and "Law on copyright and related rights" the following definition of computer programs is given:
The computer program is a set of the commands and data intended for a certain functioning of a computer.
In system programming there is more formal determination Шаблон:A source? programs as the data placed in RAM of the computer and machine codes performed by the processor for achievement of some purpose. Here two features are emphasized: finding of the program in memories and its execution by the processor.
Errors in the computer programs
The computer programs contain errors if at their accomplishment of a computer there are failures, failures or the wrong results.
The quantity of errors in programs is usually unknown. Process of search and error correction is called debugging of programs on a computer.
Duration of debugging of programs on a computer is in advance unknown. After finding of a program error it is necessary to look for the following error and so on.
In programs only proofs can give lack of errors (E. Dijkstra, Distsiplina of programming.)
Programming
Process of creation of computer programs carries the name programming, and the people who are engaged in this type of activity are called programmers or program writers for a computer. The people who are engaged in debugging of programs on a computer by testing are called testers.
Record of source texts of programs by means of programming languages is convenient for understanding and editing by the person. It is helped, in particular, by the comments admissible with syntax of the majority of languages. For accomplishment on the computer the ready text of the program will be transformed compiled) in machine code.
Programming languages
Some programming languages allow to do without preliminary compilation of the program and transfer it to instructions of machine code directly during execution. This process is called dynamic compilation and it allows to achieve bigger portability of programs between different hardware and software platforms when preserving many pluses of compilation.
Interpretation of programs
The interpreted programs to which as a rule compile process is not applied and which are interpreted operational by a system or special programs interpreters are called scripts or "scenarios".
Source texts of computer programs in the majority of programming languages consist of the list of the instructions which are precisely describing the put algorithm. Similar approach in programming is called imperative. However also others are applied programming methodology. For example, the description of initial and required characteristics of the processed data and providing the choice of a suitable algorithm of the solution to the specialized program interpreter — such approach is called declarative programming. Also, are applied functional and logical programming.
Users of programs
Most of users of computers use the programs intended for accomplishment of specific applied objectives, such as preparation and document creation, mathematical calculations, image processing, etc. The appropriate software tools are called application programs or the application software. The management of components of the computing system and formation of the environment for functioning of application programs undertakes the system software most of which important component is the operating system.
Consumer protection
Users of the computer programs according to the Act of the Russian Federation "About Consumer Protection" have the all-civil rights to the protection of the rights at detection of defects in programs to a computer - the rights to replacement of programs free of defects or to a refund for acquisition of defective products.
Defects of the computer programs are failures, failures and the errors in a programs runtime recorded protokolno on the firm carrier either on paper carrier or on compact disks with test examples and test programs with providing Koreas payment documents and copies of documents and licenses with quality assurances and procedures of exchange of defective products.
Literature
- Dijkstra of E. Distsiplin of programming. M.: World, 1978.
- Sommervil J. Software engineering. M.: World, 2004.
- Kaiming V. A. Methods of development of programs in languages of the high level. M.: MIEM, 1985.
- Kaiming V. A. Bases of evidential programming. M.: MIEM, 1987.
- Kaiming V.A. Informatika. The textbook for students of universities. M.: INFRA-M, 1999-2009.
- Kaiming V.A. Informatika. The textbook for school students. M.: Progress, 2009.
Internet links
| The site content is translated by machine translation software powered by PROMT. The machine-translated articles are not always perfect and may contain errors in vocabulary, syntax or grammar. Read original article If you find inaccuracies or errors in the results of machine translation, please write to editor@tadviser.ru. We will make every effort to correct them as soon as possible. |